scholarly journals The mycological collection of G. C. Girgensohn from the middle of the 19th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadri Pärtel ◽  
Ave Suija ◽  
Iryna Yatsiuk
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Lobaria Pulmonaria ◽  
History Museum ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
Iucn Criteria

Since 1844, vouchers of mycological specimens collected from the territory of the historic Baltic provinces of the Russian Empire have been preserved in Estonian natural history collections. A pedagogue and an amateur bryologist, Gustav Carl Girgensohn (1786–1872) compiled a collection of 109 specimens of fungi and myxomycetes sampled from the Livonian Governorate, mostly from the vicinity of Tartu, in years 1844–1859. Girgensohn’s collection, which is kept in the fungarium of the Estonian University of Life Sciences, is introduced here for the first time. Among his specimens there are two notable ascomycetes—coprophilous Poronia punctata (Xylariaceae, Sordariomycetes), recently evaluated in Estonia as Critically Endangered according to IUCN criteria, and Microstoma protractum (Sarcoscyphaceae, Pezizomycetes), recently evaluated as Endangered. The collection’s eleven quite well-preserved specimens of myxomycetes represent six species, the least common of which is Diderma radiatum. In addition, the article introduces nine lichen specimens and one fungal specimen from Girgensohn’s bryophyte collection at the Natural History Museum of the University of Tartu. The most remarkable species among this collection is Lobaria pulmonaria (Lobariaceae, Lecanoromycetes), red-listed and protected in many countries.

scholarly journals Polish founders of veterinary education in Eastern Ukraine in the 19th and early 20th centuries: the 170th anniversary of the Kharkiv Veterinary College

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (03) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
LUBOW ŻWANKO ◽  
DMYTRO KIBKAŁO ◽  
TAMARA PRYCHODKO ◽  
JURIJ PRYCHODKO ◽  
IRYNA BORODAJ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Veterinary Education ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Veterinary School ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Veterinary Institute

The purpose of the article is to outline the role of Kharkiv in creation of the veterinary education system in the south of the Russian Empire, to highlight the achievements of Polish scientists in that process, and to popularize the knowledge of this aspect of the Polish-Ukrainian history as an example of fruitful collaboration between Poles and Ukrainians during the period of statelessness of both nations. At the beginning of the 19th century, Kharkiv became one of the first cities of the Russian Empire where foundations of veterinary education were laid. A special department was formed at the university: the Veterinary School, which later became the Veterinary College and the Veterinary Institute. During the 19th and early 20th centuries Polish scientists created a system of veterinary education in Eastern Ukraine. The most important role was played by Karol Wiśniewski, the pioneer of veterinary education in Ukraine as a whole, Napoleon Halicki, the first and long-standing head of the Veterinary College, and Jerzy Poluta, one of the authors of the plan for its conversion into the Veterinary Institute. Considering their great services, the Polish scientists deserve to be remembered. Their memory is preserved by the Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, the main research and educational centre in Eastern Ukraine and heir to the scientific traditions initiated in the 19th century.

Avar Linguistics in the Novocherkassk Gymnasium in the 1850s — 1860s: the Experience of the Incorporation of the Caucasian Highlanders into the Imperial Cultural Space

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10 (108)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Artyom Peretyatko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
Specialized Training ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Mountain Communities ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Cultural Incorporation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The presented article is devoted to one of the little-known historical plots related to the scientific and educational practices of the Department of Oriental Languages of the Novocherkassk Military Gymnasium in the middle of the 19th century. The consistent creation of methodological manuals on the Avar language and specialized training in the “native dialect” of future officers are considered as an important element of the administrative and cultural incorporation of the Caucasus into the Russian imperial space, which was not limited to the well-known Russification. The empirical basis of the article under consideration was formed as a result of a comprehensive study of differentiated documentary and narrative sources, some of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The author's reflections are determined by the established historiographical tradition devoted to the systemic interaction of the Russian Empire and mountain communities, an organic element of which were specialized educational practices.

scholarly journals Lost and then found: The Mendes Correia Collection of identified human skeletons curated at the University of Porto, Portugal

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Cardoso ◽  
Luisa Marinho
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Natural History Museum ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Reference Collection ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Among the several human skeletal reference collections that have been amassed in Portugal, there is one that has remained in nearly anonymity for its almost entire existence. The collection was initiated by Mendes Correia who collected abandoned skeletal remains from cemeteries of the city of Porto circa 1912-1917. Over the years and for unknown reasons its original documentation was lost and the collection has been treated as an unidentified assemblage of specimens for many years. Two previously unnoticed publications from the 1920’s were found to have published basic biographic data for each individual in the collection, thus restituting some of the lost information. The surviving Mendes Correia Collection is currently located at the Natural History Museum and at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto. It is comprised of 99 individuals of known sex, age, and nativity, whose skeletons are found in various states of completeness. They represent a segment of the population of the city of Porto who were born throughout the 19th century. It is hoped that the information gathered and provided here can restore some of the lost research value of the Mendes Correia skeletal reference collection.

scholarly journals Struktura szkolnictwa w imperium rosyjskim na początku XIX wieku. Zarys problemu

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Andrzej Szmyt
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

Having ascended the throne, Tsar Alexander established for the first time the Ministry of Education in 1802. Then the legal framework for the modern education in the Russian Empire was devised by a document called The Provisional Regulations of Public Enlightenment of the Russian Empire enacted 24th of January 1803, whereby six educational (school) districts were erected. The universities rode herd on schools. Next rescripts determined a.o. relations between schools and their policy. The system lasted until the fourth decade of the 19th century when Tsar started to restrict the autonomy of universities as well as unify their structure and educational system.

scholarly journals THE RUSSIAN DEPARTMENT’S CARVED STONE AT THE 1893 WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION: RECONSTRUCTION OF THE COLLECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Ludmila A. Budrina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
World's Columbian Exposition ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Columbian Exposition ◽  
Stone Cutting ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the 19th century stone-cutting art has become one of the brightest elements in the representation of the Russian Empire. World’s fairs provided ample opportunities for this representation. The article examines the structure of the collections and the list of the exhibitors at one of the largest fairs — The World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893. The paper draws upon both published and archival documents, including those which have not yet been used for the examination of the representation of Russia’s stone art at this exhibition. It reconstructs mineralogical, technical and typological diversity of the exhibited items and the principle of reciprocal completing of the exhibitors. It also analyzes the items presented by the imperial Petergof, Ekaterinburg lapidary and Kolyvan grinding factories, by Carl Woerffel’s enterprise and a wide range of small Ural producers as well. Due to discovering of archival materials, a number of items, exhibited in Chicago, was identified in themuseum collections in Russia and abroad. Some attributional details for the exhibited Woerffel items are offered which made it possible to propose the authorship and dating for the items from Russian and foreign collections. The author is also the first to analyze the collection, purchased at the exhibition from the Russian stonecutters for The Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. A conclusion is drawn about the role of the colored stones items and the importance of their presentation for the formation of the Russian Empire’s image as one of the most important world centers of the decorative stones development.

The origins of developing private civil cartography in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 948 (6) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Structure ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Technical Revolution

In the middle of the XIX century in Russia there wasa boom of commercial or civil cartography. The author describes the reasons as well as the background for such a strong growth. The influence of the general political and economic situation in the Russian Empire on the appearance of the first privately-owned publishers of maps was considered in detail. The Depot of maps established in 1797 by Paul I, later (1812) rearranged into the Military Topographical Depot, monopolized all cartographic activities in Russia. The require for cartographic products among the civilian population, as well as the scarcity of funding from the treasury of issuing maps, forced the Military Topographical Depot to sell part of its products and prepare not only topographic maps, but also training maps and atlases for release. The author considers the publication of an open catalog of maps and atlases by the military department in 1858, which had a strong influence on the development of the cartographic market in details. For the first time, the expenditures and revenues from the publication of maps and atlases were shown; the dynamics of increasing sales and their dependence on changes in the political and economic structure of Russia are studied. The technical revolution in printing at the beginning of the 19th century, the emergence of lithography and new printing machines made it possible to increase the circulation of maps and reduced their cost. The inability of the military to meet the demand for maps and atlases was used by the first entrepreneurs who were the founders of civilian cartography. The causes of appearing private cartographic institutions are discussed.

scholarly journals How did Ferdinand I of Saxe-Coburg‑Gotha become Frenchman?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Dmytro Mykolenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

The aim of the article is to reveal the image of the Prince/Tsar Ferdinand in the historiography of the Russian Empire and to identify the factors that influenced the interpretation of the activities of the Bulgarian monarch. Research methodology. The concept of “image”, which is considered as a form of representations of various aspects of life and work of the Bulgarian Prince/King Ferdinand in the works of Russian historians of the late XIX – early XX centuries, was important for achieving the goal set in the work. We can consider individual images created by different researchers as well as general one which was formed under the influence of all the above-mentioned researchers. It should be noted that the representations are subjective and do not correspond to the realities of the domestic and foreign policy of the Bulgarian monarch or partially coincide with them. Main results. The author outlined the circumstances of international situation in Europe and in the Balkans in particular, which in the last quarter of the XIX and in the first twenty years of the last century determined the assessments of the domestic and foreign policy initiatives of the Bulgarian monarch Ferdinand I Coburg made by Russian historians. Other factors that influenced the interpretations of researchers, including their political views and the affiliation to a particular state institution, are also revealed in the work. The author notes the desire of the university professorship to create more neutral images of the Bulgarian prince, in contrast to the scientists involved in political battles in the interests of certain parties. Scientific novelty. The author for the first time described the image of Ferdinand I in the historiography of the Russian Empire, and also clarified the factors that determined the assessments of the Bulgarian prince activities. The type of the article: empirical.

Edward Heron-Allen FRS (1861–1943): a review of his scientific career, with an annotated bibliography of his foraminiferal publications

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Hodgkinson ◽  
John E. Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Annotated Bibliography ◽  
Natural History Museum ◽  
Scientific Career ◽  
History Museum ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT: In spite of his many other interests, Edward Heron-Allen also worked for nearly 50 years as a scientist on minute shelled protists, called foraminifera, much of it in an unpaid, unofficial capacity at The Natural History Museum, London, and notably in collaboration with Arthur Earland. During this career he published more than 70 papers and obtained several fellowships, culminating in 1919 in his election to the Royal Society. Subsequently, he bequeathed his foraminiferal collections and fine library to the Museum, and both are housed today in a room named in his honour. In this paper, for the first time, an assessment of his scientific accomplishments is given, together with a full annotated bibliography of his publications held in the Heron-Allen Library. This is part of a project to produce a bibliography of his complete publications, recently initiated by the Heron-Allen Society.

The Germans and their Jewish Neighbors on the Ukrainian Areas at the Second Half of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
D. Meshkov
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
South West ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents some of the author’s research results that has got while elaboration of the theme “Everyday life in the mirror of conflicts: Germans and their neighbors on the Southern and South-West periphery of the Russian Empire 1861–1914”. The relationship between Germans and Jews is studied in the context of the growing confrontation in Southern cities that resulted in a wave of pogroms. Sources are information provided by the police and court archival funds. The German colonists Ludwig Koenig and Alexandra Kirchner (the resident of Odessa) were involved into Odessa pogrom (1871), in particular. While Koenig with other rioters was arrested by the police, Kirchner led a crowd of rioters to the shop of her Jewish neighbor, whom she had a conflict with. The second part of the article is devoted to the analyses of unty-Jewish violence causes and history in Ak-Kerman at the second half of the 19th and early years of 20th centuries. Akkerman was one of the southern Bessarabia cities, where multiethnic population, including the Jews, grew rapidly. It was one of the reasons of the pogroms in 1865 and 1905. The author uses criminal cases` papers to analyze the reasons of the Germans participation in the civilian squads that had been organized to protect the population and their property in Ackerman and Shabo in 1905.

Reasons for the Onset of the Uniat Clergy’s Movement Towards Orthodoxy in the Russian Empire in the Beginning of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 293-317
Author(s):  
Protopriest Alexander Romanchuk
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Latin Church ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Church Service ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article studies the system of pre-conditions that caused the onset of the uniat clergy’s movement towards Orthodoxy in the Russian Empire in the beginning of the 19th century. The author comes to the conclusion that the tendency of the uniat clergy going back to Orthodoxy was the result of certain historic conditions, such as: 1) constant changes in the government policy during the reign of Emperor Pavel I and Emperor Alexander I; 2) increasing latinization of the uniat church service after 1797 and Latin proselytism that were the result of the distrust of the uniats on the part of Roman curia and representatives of Polish Catholic Church of Latin church service; 3) ecclesiastical contradictions made at the Brest Church Union conclusion; 4) division of the uniat clergy into discordant groups and the increase of their opposition to each other on the issue of latinization in the first decades of the 19th century. The combination of those conditions was a unique phenomenon that never repeated itself anywhere.

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