scholarly journals Analysis of the second generation buy-back program for fishing vessels in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betül Ekmekci ◽  
Vahdet Ünal
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Management Implication ◽  
Buy Back

Many implementations are put into practice on the national and international scale for the purpose of enabling the sustainable use of living marine resources. The Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock published a notification in 2012 and the buy-back program for fishing vessels was initiated to keep the balance between the fish stocks and fishing capacity, prevent overfishing and enable sustainable fishing. While 12 m and larger vessels were considered in the first program, length of the vessels was reduced 10 m in the second. The aim of this study is to reveal the results of the related program. A telephone interview was applied to the owners of 207 fishing vessels determined through the stratified sampling method among 446 fishing vessels in 2014. In the 2nd program, 446 fishing vessels were withdrawn from the fleet by paying 51 million TL in total. Mostly the buy-back of the fishing vessels with the length of 10-20 meters (440 vessels) was carried out, and the fishing vessels with the length of 21-30 meters (6 vessels) were bought back at the least. Most of the vessels (44%) were from the Marmara and the least was from the Mediterranean Regions (19%). Only 9% of the vessels bough-back was trawl or purse seine vessels. It was found that 28% of vessel owners have a second vessel and gave the inactive or unprofitable vessels they had to the buy-back program. Furthermore, 62% of the individuals who gave their vessels stated that they will continue working in the fishing industry, and 27% of respondents stated that they will buy a new fishing vessel. As a result; buy-back program is one of the most important management implication of fisheries management authority in recent years. However, it should be considered by the managers that the large vessel owners have not shown interest in the program. One of every four fishermen giving his vessel is also a second vessel owner, and he gives his inactive vessel to the program, and the fishers have a similar tendency to buy a second vessel with the money they receive from the program. However, it is the basic approach that should be taken into account by the fisheries management authority to take advantage of relevant global experiences to ensure the highest possible benefit from the buy-back programs. This approach should at least be followed in future buy-back programs.

scholarly journals The rising tide of fisheries instruments and the struggle to keep afloat

2005 ◽  
Vol 360 (1453) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevern L. Cochrane ◽  
David J. Doulman
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
The Law ◽  
Conservation And Management

Since agreement was reached in 1982 on the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, and particularly since the conclusion of the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development, the rate of development of global instruments impacting on fisheries has escalated considerably and is apparently continuing to do so. A flood of global and regional instruments relevant to fisheries has been generated, including, for example, the 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora which pre–dates the UN Convention, the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992 Agenda 21: Programme of Action for Sustainable Development, the 1993 FAO Agreement to Promote Compliance with International Conservation and Management Measures by Fishing Vessels on the High Seas, the 1995 UN Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, the 1995 FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and its four international plans of action and strategy, and the 2001 FAO Reykjavík Declaration on Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem reflecting the growing international interest in ecosystem approaches to fisheries. Most recent has been the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development's Plan of Implementation. These instruments have been motivated by real problems associated with environmental degradation and living resource depletion, in several cases specifically in connection with fisheries. They have attempted to address these problems, and each instrument is recognized as being a positive contribution towards the sustainable use of resources and ecosystems. However, taken collectively they form a large, often confusing and potentially overwhelming set of recommendations and requirements that is putting many fishery management agencies under severe pressure as they seek to implement them. This paper provides a brief overview of the range of recent instruments and their implications for sustainable fisheries management, considers the progress being made in implementing them, identifies general problems being encountered and how they might be ameliorated in the future. A key problem is a lack of political will, or political ability, to address effectively the problems facing fisheries and marine ecosystems. One consequence of this is that the agencies charged with fisheries management are not provided with adequate technical and financial capacity to implement the instruments in most, if not all, countries. The problem is especially acute in developing countries where they are strained by the full effects of ‘instrument implementation fatigue’.

How to Make Individual Transferable Quotas Work Economically, Socially, and Environmentally

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Sumaila
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Total Allowable Catch ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Individual Transferable Quotas ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management

The economic tool of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) gives their owners exclusive and transferable rights to catch a given portion of the total allowable catch (TAC) of a given fish stock. Authorities establish TACs and then divide them among individual fishers or firms in the form of individual catch quotas, usually a percentage of the TAC. ITQs are transferable through selling and buying in an open market. The main arguments by proponents of ITQs is that they eliminate the need to “race for the fish” and thus increase economic returns while eliminating overcapacity and overfishing. In general, fisheries’ management objectives consist of ecological (sustainable use of fish stocks), economic (no economic waste), and social (mainly the equitable distribution of fisheries benefits) issues. There is evidence to show that ITQs do indeed reduce economic waste and increase profits for those remaining in fisheries. However, they do not perform well in terms of sustainability or socially. A proposal that integrates ITQs in a comprehensive and effective ecosystem-based fisheries management system that is more likely to perform much better than ITQs with respect to ecological, economic, and social objectives is presented in this article.

scholarly journals A comparative approach to the Croatian and Montenegrin small-scale fisheries (SSF) in the coastal eastern Adriatic Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Matić-Skoko ◽  
Pero Tutman ◽  
Ana Pešić ◽  
Nika Stagličić ◽  
Olivera Marković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Future Management

Small-scale fisheries (SSF) in Croatia and Montenegro have a long tradition, similar to those of SSFs in other parts of the coastal Mediterranean. In order to improve fisheries management and save the cultural heritage of fishing traditions on the eastern Adriatic coast, scientists and fisheries managers, from these two countries, made an effort, to gain a better understanding of fishing activities and targeted stocks. This is a complex research topic, due to the high and increasing fishing pressure on marine resources as well as the fact that fisheries management throughout the Mediterranean region remains conventional in its nature. Basic characteristics of SSFs in each country are presented. Specific conclusions related to improvement of coastal resources state in term of sustainable use are suggested together with proposal for additional conservation measures and actively involving fishermen in the management process. Finally, guidelines for future management in terms of monitoring and data collection framework (DCF) are proposed for both countries.

scholarly journals Reflections on the success of traditional fisheries management

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1040-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Hilborn ◽  
Daniel Ovando
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Stock Assessments ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Precautionary Management

Abstract The argument persists that the continued overexploitation by many fisheries around the world is evidence that current approaches to fisheries management are failing, and that more precautionary management approaches are needed. We review the available estimates of the status of fish stocks from three sources: the FAO's “State of Marine Resources”, a database on scientific stock assessments, and recent estimates from statistical models designed to determine the status of unassessed fish stocks. The two key results are (i) that stocks that are scientifically assessed are in better shape and indeed are not typically declining but rebuilding, and (ii) that large stocks appear to be in better shape than small stocks. These results support the view that stocks that are managed are improving, while stocks that are not managed are not. Large stocks receive far more management attention than small stocks in jurisdictions that have active fisheries management systems, and most unassessed stocks are simply not managed. We assert that fisheries management as currently practised can (and often does) lead to sustainable fisheries, and what is needed is to actively manage the unassessed fisheries of the world. More precautionary management is not necessarily needed to ensure the sustainability of managed fisheries.

scholarly journals Diversification insulates fisher catch and revenue in heavily exploited tropical fisheries

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. eaaz0587 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. W. Robinson ◽  
Jan Robinson ◽  
Calvin Gerry ◽  
Rodney Govinden ◽  
Cameron Freshwater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Average Catch

Declines in commercial landings and increases in fishing fleet power have raised concerns over the continued provisioning of nutritional and economic services by tropical wild fisheries. Yet, because tropical fisheries are often data-poor, mechanisms that might buffer fishers to declines are not understood. This data scarcity undermines fisheries management, making tropical fishing livelihoods particularly vulnerable to changes in marine resources. We use high-resolution fisheries data from Seychelles to understand how fishing strategy (catch diversification) influences catch rates and revenues of individual fishing vessels. We show that average catch weight decreased by 65% over 27 years, with declines in all nine species groups coinciding with increases in fishing effort. However, for individual vessels, catch diversity was associated with larger catches and higher fishing revenues and with slower catch declines from 1990 to 2016. Management strategies should maximize catch diversity in data-poor tropical fisheries to help secure nutritional security while protecting fishing livelihoods.

Analysis of IUU Fishing in Indonesia and the Indonesian Legal Framework Reform for Monitoring, Control and Surveillance of Fishing Vessels

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dikdik Mohamad Sodik
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Iuu Fishing ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
The Law ◽  
International Fisheries ◽  
Laws And Regulations

AbstractIllegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is considered as a major threat to Indonesian fish stocks. The battle against IUU fishing activities has recently become a high priority in the national fisheries management agenda. Indonesia has implemented a series of laws and regulations concerning monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS). This article analyses the adequacy of the Indonesian legislation relating to MCS. After a discussion of the relevant IUU fishing, the adequacy of the national instruments is measured against the international fisheries instruments. The article will seek to demonstrate gaps in the current legal framework governing MCS for fishing vessels. The author recommends that Indonesia fully implement the MCS provisions of all relevant international fisheries instruments as reflected in the Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC), the UN Fish Stocks Agreement and the FAO International Plan of Action-IUU.

scholarly journals Analysis of the third generation buy-back program for fishing vessels in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Vahdet Ünal ◽  
Huriye Göncüoglu-Bodur
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Official Gazette ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Scale Category ◽  
Buy Back

The third buy-back program in Turkey entered into force in 2014 with the Notice No. 29023 of the Official Gazette titled “Notice of Agricultural Support-Official Notice of Decommissioning of Fishing Vessels”, issued by the Directorate of Fishery and Aquaculture of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. This study is an evaluation of the third generation of the program. In this study, simple random sampling method was used to interview 89 vessel owners out of a total number of 191 vessels which are longer than 10 meters. The biggest number of buy-backs was in Marmara Region (38%), followed by the Agean (15%) and the Mediterranean (15%) regions. Most of the decommissioned vessels were 10-12 meters in length. The only fisher that benefited from the program was the owner of a vessel longer than 31 meters. The remaining 9 vessels were longer than 12 meters and shorter than 23 meters. In the scope of the program, 95% of the buy-back vessels are in the small-scale category. Among those, 41% of the vessels were in use for 3-90 days, while 4% had never been used within the year 2015. However, 60% of the owners who handed over their vessels also owned a second boat. Although 85% of the fishers employed a crew on-board and 73% of their crew were not family members, the fact that the program lacks a component for the crew can also be criticised. In conclusion; the third generation buy-back program bought a total of 191 vessels for 22.5 Million Turkish Liras ($8.3M US). However, since 77% of the interviewees continued fishing with their second boat and 26% bought a new boat with the support they were granted. Therefore all details of the results and the success of the buy-back programs should be evaluated by the authorities and future programs should be put into practice with necessary amendments.

Taking Stock of Genetic Concepts in Fisheries Management

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Gauldie
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Sustainable Yield ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Meristic Count ◽  
Intuitive Idea ◽  
Selection Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

The historical development of the idea of isolated stocks of fish that can be managed as separate management units has been as strongly tied to the intuitive idea of separate races as it has been to the practical necessities of jurisprudence and the estimation of both biomass and sustainable yield by fisheries managers. Demonstrating the existence of isolated fish stocks and delineating their boundaries has generally proved unsuccessful. Various techniques ranging from meristic count differences to polymorphic allelism have usually failed. However, in the pursuit of isolated stocks, biochemists have uncovered a great deal of information about the variation of polymorphic allele frequencies over time and space. Following the shift in opinion away from stochastic to natural selection mechanisms in allele frequency variation, it is evident that the observed variation in allele frequencies allows more insight into the biology of fishes than into the breeding structure of populations. These insights argue against the idea of isolated stocks of fish with homogeneous growth rates that are the basis of the sustainable yield models in favour of migration-linked stocks with heterogeneous growth rates.

scholarly journals Depleted marine fish stocks and ecosystem-based management: on the road to recovery, we need to be precautionary

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gårdmark ◽  
Anders Nielsen ◽  
Jens Floeter ◽  
Christian Möllmann
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The Road ◽  
Stock Status ◽  
Ecosystem Based Management ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
On The Road

Abstract Gårdmark, A., Nielsen, A., Floeter, J., and Möllmann, C. 2011. Depleted marine fish stocks and ecosystem-based management: on the road to recovery, we need to be precautionary. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 212–220. Precautionary management for fish stocks in need of recovery requires that likely stock increases can be distinguished from model artefacts and that the uncertainty of stock status can be handled. Yet, ICES stock assessments are predominantly deterministic and many EC management plans are designed for deterministic advice. Using the eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) stock as an example, we show how deterministic scientific advice can lead to illusive certainty of a rapid stock recovery and management decisions taken in unawareness of large uncertainties in stock status. By (i) performing sensitivity analyses of key assessment model assumptions, (ii) quantifying the uncertainty of the estimates due to data uncertainty, and (iii) developing alternative stock and ecosystem indicators, we demonstrate that estimates of recent fishing mortality and recruitment of this stock were highly uncertain and show that these uncertainties are crucial when combined with management plans based on fixed reference points of fishing mortality. We therefore call for fisheries management that does not neglect uncertainty. To this end, we outline a four-step approach to handle uncertainty of stock status in advice and management. We argue that it is time to use these four steps towards an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management.

scholarly journals Balanced harvesting in fisheries: a preliminary analysis of management implications‡

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1668-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Garcia ◽  
J. Rice ◽  
A. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Multispecies Fisheries ◽  
Natural Productivity ◽  
Partial Implementation ◽  
Spawning Sites

Abstract Balanced harvest (BH) proposes to distribute a moderate mortality from fishing across the widest possible range of species, stocks, and sizes in an ecosystem, in proportion to their natural productivity so that the relative size and species composition are maintained, in line with the CBD requirement for sustainable use. This proposal has many and not always intuitive implications for fisheries management, e.g. in relation to selectivity, protection of juveniles and spawning sites, models of harvesting strategies, a focus on size and species, the impacts of discarding, aspects of emblematic species and ecosystem services, operational complexity, partial implementation, ecosystem rebuilding, and relations with broader management frameworks. The paper closes with a discussion of BH implementation, concluding that a logical step would be to integrate several separate initiatives to move fisheries into a more ecosystem-conscious context. Implementation challenges will be encountered, but there are lessons to be drawn from fishery ecosystems already close to BH, as in some tropical multispecies fisheries, and further, the implementation challenges are already being taken on in many well-managed fisheries and areas as management begins to address the realities of what ecosystem-based fishery management actually entails.

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