Taxation of Alternative Energy Facilities

Auditor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Konstantin Tatarov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Reducing Costs

Alternative energy begins to enter into economic activity, being a factor in reducing costs. The multivariance of the forms of its existence gives rise to differences in the formation of the initial cost, depreciation and calculation of residual value. With various options, it is possible to consider objects as movable or immovable property. The article proposes a methodology for calculating property tax of organizations depending on the purpose, type and installation of the object.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF DABENA MINI HYDRO POWER PLANT AT DABENA RIVER

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Tadele Abera ◽  
Firew Dereje
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Agency Cost ◽  
Gps Receiver ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact

The number of electricity users is increasing with the increase of fuel cost and environmental pollution. The mini hydro power has grown as an alternative energy source that can be easily constructed with the minimal environmental impact. This research access the mini hydro power plant implemented on Dabena River 50 years ago by German missionaries. But it is not functioning these days. The available Gross head of the river measured using a GPS receiver and was found to be 11.5m. It has a potential for producing 150 KW. With this output power, we can supply Bedelle Agricultural and Forestry College under Mettu University and nearby rural area. Having the head, flow rate and output power of the river into consideration, the turbine selected was cross flow turbine with specific speed of 243 rpm, runner diameter of 52 cm, runner length of 82 cm, blade radius 17 cm and blade number of 18. 24 poles synchronous motor was selected as the Generator with rotational speed of 250 rpm. International renewable energy agency cost analysis was used to analyze financial viability of the project. The annual energy production estimated was 289,908kwh and the anticipated revenue to be generated is 136,256 birr. The initial cost of the project estimated to be 2.475 million birr.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF EFFICIENCY OF SMALL AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES ECONOMIC ACTIVITY BY THE ANALYSIS METHOD OF FUNCTIONING ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Andrii SAKHNO ◽  
Iryna PAVLYUK
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Cost Of Equity ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Activity Rating ◽  
The Cost

It has been proposed to use the analysis method of the operating environment to assess the effectiveness of small agricultural enterprises based on the two input factors characteristics (resources) – labor costs of enterprises, the cost of equity and the resultant factor – the volume of sales. Coefficients of coverage by volume of sold products (goods, works, services) of own capital cost and labor costs for small agricultural enterprises by types of economic activity have been calculated, which allowed types of economic activity rating by small enterprises by coefficients of coverage of sold products (goods, works, services) cost of capital, labor costs and financial results. It has been proved that the activity of small agricultural enterprises among all other types of economic activity has the highest rating on the coefficients of coverage of sold products (goods, works, services) of labor costs, but the lowest on the coefficients of coverage of sold products (goods, works, services) capital, despite the fact that the amount of profit is inferior only to economic entities engaged in wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles. Using the coefficients values of coverage of the sold products volume (goods, works, services), the cost of equity and labor costs, built an environment for small agricultural enterprises, which allowed to form a line of technical efficiency: (agriculture, forestry and fisheries-wholesale and retail trade; repair motor vehicles and motorcycles-information and telecommunications-education) and on the basis of the position of agriculture, forestry and fisheries to find a new position by designing a line with the position of inefficient economic activity (Activities in the field of administrative and support services). It has been outlined the possibility of optimizing the activities of small agricultural enterprises by increasing the volume of sold products (goods, works, services) and reducing costs, which will improve the financial result (will increase profits).

scholarly journals Cost and Benefits of Deep Decarbonization in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-105 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
International Panel ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
The One

With the new Paris climate agreement, 185 of 197 nations have committed to lower emissions of planet-warming greenhouse gases. The intent is to limit global temperature growth within 2 degrees Celsius (°C), with a hopeful target of 1.5°C. At the same time, a special report from the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicates that large emission reductions, in fact, must be achieved by 2030 if the temperature increase is to remain below 1.5°C. This goal requires every country to radically cut their greenhouse gas emissions by rebuilding both their energy supply and end-use sectors. Even bigger challenges confront those countries which export fossil fuel resources, as they must also find new sources of economic activity to replace revenues that will be lost from the significantly reduced energy sales. The overall economic impact of this transformation is hard to quantify. On the one hand, decarbonization requires an initial set of large-scale policy, program, and research and development expenditures. It will also entail higher upfront investments in energy efficiency and alternative energy resources. Based on conventional wisdom, these outlays will create an initial burden on the economy. On the other hand, the additional infrastructure investments will also stimulate economic activity, reduce future energy expenditures and also provide an array of other non-energy benefits. In this paper, we propose a thought experiment that explores the idea of prospective positive net economic impacts of decarbonization strategies for an energy-producing nation. Our results suggest that the positive productivity benefits of decarbonization strategies can overcome negative costs in both the short and long terms. We also note additional effects that are consistent with the officially announced long-term goals of modernization and reducing the Russian economy’s dependence on revenues from energy and raw material exports.

Features of accounting for property taxes by institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Larisa Nikolaevna Gerasimova
Keyword(s):  
Property Tax ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Land Plot ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Tax Bases

The article analyzes the basic rules of taxation for land tax and property tax. It is considered how to report on property taxes. The cases of payment of land tax by institutions, tax bases with and without cadastral value are analyzed. The variants when the land plot occupies the territory of several municipalities, cases when accounting periods are established and not established by local legislation are considered. The calculation of land tax and advance payments on it, as well as their reflection in accounting, is shown. The rules for determining the composition of property that is considered an object of taxation are considered, the calculation of property tax and the rules for reflecting it in accounting are given. Formulas and examples of calculating the average value of taxable property, residual value, advance payments for property tax for the reporting year, including and excluding benefits, and calculating property tax for the year are given.

scholarly journals Energy Use for Economic Growth: Cointegration and Causality Analysis from the Agriculture Sector of Pakistan

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1065-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Mushtaq ◽  
Faisal Abbas ◽  
Abedullah . ◽  
Abdul Ghafoor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Energy Use Intensity

Productivity is closely associated with direct and indirect use of energy as an input. The importance of energy can not be denied as one of the basic inputs to economic growth process. The consumption of energy has been among the critical indicators of the level of development of any country. It is observed that usually the developed countries use more energy per unit of economic output and far more energy per capita than developing countries. This reflects the adoption of increasingly more efficient technologies for energy production and utilisation as well as changes in the composition of economic activities. This, largely, needs a shift in energy use [Cheng and Lai (1997)]. When this shift in the composition of final energy use is taken into account energy use and the level of economic activity are found to be tightly coupled. The prospect of large reduction in the energy use intensity of economic activity seems limited. So, the accelerated demand results in the scarcity of energy and increasing cost have severe implications for economic growth. This ever increasing role of energy in the present day scenario underlines the need to increase the supply of energy and to find some new alternative energy sources and energy conservation techniques

Connection of Lands, Buildings and Structures with Business Activity - Direction Of Interpretation Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol IV (IV) ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Adam Olczyk
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Real Estate Tax ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents the interpretation of the regulation of Polish Real Estate Tax resulting from the judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 24 February 2021, SK 39/19. In this judgment the Constitutional Tribunal questioned the current interpretation of the connection of land, building or structure with conducting business activity. The author describes necessary changes in interpretation of the regulation, which results from this ruling. The article explains who is affected by the new understanding of the regulation and what is the relationship of the new interpretation with the suspension of business activity. The major part of the considerations is devoted to the effects of the Constitutional Tribunal's judgment in relation to restrictions implemented on the conduct of economic activity in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. The author presents the position according to which subjects who could not conduct economic activity by the regulation should not pay for this period the higher rate of property tax provided for real estate owned by entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF ECONOMIC (BUSINESS) ACTIVITY IN THE ENERGY SECTOR

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Роза Салиева ◽  
Roza Salieva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Energy Charter Treaty ◽  
Definition Of

The article highlights the features of economic activity in the energy sector. Economic activity associated with generation, transformation, transmission and use of different forms of energy, is carried out by business organizations of different branches of the energy sector of economy. In this article the author analyzes the structure of the energy sector, including oil and gas sector, coal sector, power generation and nuclear energy sector, as well as alternative energy sector. The author provides the definition of the economic activity in the energy sector taken from the Energy Charter Treaty. The author underlines that the energy sector is closely connected with the use of natural resources, as well as with the energy production, processing and marketing. It is advisable to consider such relations as business relations. They are ruled by the Energy law. The author provides examples of legislative establishment of economic activities in certain energy sectors of the Russian economy (in the sphere of Atomic Energy and in Chapter 8 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Power Industry”). The author draws the conclusion about the need to improve the legislative system in the sphere of power industry.

scholarly journals Assessment of the social component of the effectiveness of the transition to alternative energy sources

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Social Effect ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The Social

Energy conservation is a key focus of the green economy. The correct energy conservation policy of a country can significantly increase its competitiveness of the national economy. The aim of the article is a meaningful definition of the energy saving process, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the social component of the effectiveness of the transition to alternative energy sources. Objective: study of one of the promising measures of energy conservation policy - attracting renewable energy sources in economic activity. General scientific methods are used: system analysis - to determine the features of the development of energy saving in Ukraine, comparative analysis to formalize the cause-effect relationships of the studied factors of the influence of renewable energy sources on the country's economic activity. It is determined that energy saving should be understood as the process of ensuring the rational use of energy resources in economic activity with minimizing environmental damage through the implementation of a set of measures (regulatory, scientific, practical, financial, economic, organizational, technical, informational, educational and innovative). The classification of measures in the field of energy conservation is systematized. In order to stimulate the development of "green" energy in the regions, the need is substantiated, together with the calculation of economic and environmental effects, to assess the social effect of the introduction of alternative energy. Conclusions: the proposed approach for calculating the social effect of the use of renewable energy sources is based on qualitative and quantitative characteristics that affect social changes in society during the transition to renewable energy sources. The proposed formula for assessing the social effect is of significant economic importance and can be used to justify the effectiveness of the development of renewable energy.

scholarly journals ACCOUNTING TRETMENT OF PROPERTY TAX FOR BUDGET USERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-266
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Double Entry ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
Monetary Assets

During the growth of economic activity, property tax became one of less generous taxes but still remained a very significant form of revenue due to fiscal federalization. Property tax in the Republic of Serbia is legally defined and regulated by Law on Property Taxes. This paper will show how budget users, running books on the principle of double-entry bookkeeping record property taxes. This tax is determined by self-taxation through submission of tax returns by tax payers. Methods of defining how equipment received as a gift, procurement of parts or assets through foreign donation and monetary assets by domestic donators is covered by bookkeeping, will by the subject of this paper.

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