Experimental study of forest soil resistance to cone penetration

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-196
Author(s):  
Устинов ◽  
Vladimir Ustinov

This article informs us about testing the theoretical dependence to calculate cone index re-garding the soil deformation module. Common methods of calculation tractive performance of wheeled mover do not allow to analyze the influence of the geometric parameters of wheeled mover,inner tire pressure, slip ratio, wheel load, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of forest soil on rolling resistance, net thrust and drawbar pull coefficient in complex.

Author(s):  
Е.Г. Хитров ◽  
А.М. Хахина ◽  
М.Н. Дмитриева ◽  
В.Б. Песков ◽  
О.И. Григорьева

В настоящей статье предложена математическая модель, предназначенная для оценки тягово-сцепных свойств колесного движителя. Модель составлена по результатам компиляции формул, полученных независимыми исследователями в рамках общей теории движения автомобильного транспорта в условиях бездорожья и ряда зависимостей, полученных авторами. В частности, в модель включены уточненные формулы для расчета формы пятна контакта движителя с грунтом (формула позволяет учесть влияние модуля деформации на форму пятна контакта), для расчета радиальной деформации движителя (формула позволяет учесть внутренне давление в шине, геометрию движителя и совместность деформаций грунта и движителя), для учета времени воздействия на грунт (формула служит для оценки влияния скорости машины на развитие деформаций грунта), для оценки деформации сдвига грунта (формула позволяет учесть явление буксования при оценке тягово-сцепных свойств движителя). В модель включены формулы для расчета удельного сцепления, угла внутреннего трения, объемного веса, толщины деформируемого слоя и модуля сдвига грунта по значению модуля деформации, что позволит в дальнейшем проводить сопоставление результатов расчетов с WES-моделями, полученными на основании экспериментов. В статье изложен порядок расчета по предлагаемой модели и приведен пример результатов расчетов (оценка коэффициента сопротивления движению, коэффициента сцепления, коэффициента тяги и глубины колеи после однократного прохода колесного движителя при заданных значениях его диаметра, ширины, внутреннего давления в шине, скорости, коэффициента буксования и приведенной нагрузки). This paper presents a mathematical model, designed to evaluate tractive characteristics of a wheeled mover. The model contains results obtained by independent researchers of off-the-road locomotion and a deal of sub-models, obtained by the authors. In particular, the model includes refined formula for calculating the shape of contact area between wheel and the ground (the formula allows to take into account effect of the ground deformation module on the contact area shape); refined formula calculating the tire deflection (formula allows to take into account the inner pressure in the tire, geometry of the wheel and the ground deformation); refined formula describing the impact of speed of the wheel on the ground deformations; refined formula assessing the soil shear deformation (formula allows to take into account the phenomenon of slipping traction characteristics of the wheel). The model contains formulae for calculation of cohesion, angle of internal friction, bulk density, the thickness of the deformable layer of the ground and the shear modulus of the soil depending on the deformation modulus, this approach lets compare the results of calculations to WES-models’ results. In article set out the procedure for calculating the proposed model and an example of the calculation results (coefficient of rolling resistance, thrust coefficient, drawbar pull coefficient and rut depth after a single pass of the wheel for given values of its diameter, width, tire inner pressure, speed of the wheel, slip ratio and the wheel load).


Author(s):  
A. Hendy ◽  
Shawky Hegazy ◽  
M.A.A. Emam ◽  
H. Hossamel-din

The off-road vehicles have much higher rolling resistance due to tire sinkage. This paper presents a proposed system for automatic adaptation for tire inflation/deflation, according to operating conditions. The tire inflation pressure is manually changed by the driver to some prefixed pressure values. The proposed control system is based on calculating the instantaneous wheel slip ratio. As the slip ratio increases, the tire pressure decreases automatically to increase the contact area and to decrease the dynamic sinkage and vice versa. An algorithm for the control strategy is developed. The proposed system provides a continuous monitoring of tire pressures inside the tire and then to inflate/deflate according to terrain types. The results show that a low inflation pressure has a considerable effect on the net traction ratio where it improves the performance by 20% and the buffed tire has a better traction than lugged tire on sand.


2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Battiato ◽  
E. Diserens ◽  
L. Sartori

An analytical model to simulate the traction performance of mechanical front wheel drive MFWD tractors was developed at the Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon ART. The model was validated via several field tests in which the relationship between drawbar pull and slip was measured for four MFWD tractors of power ranging between 40 and 123 kW on four arable soils of different texture (clay, clay loam, silty loam, and loamy sand). The pulling tests were carried out in steady-state controlling the pulling force along numerous corridors. Different configurations of tractors were considered by changing the wheel load and the tyre pressure. Simulations of traction performance matched experimental results with good agreement (mean error of 8% with maximum and minimum values of 17% and 1% respectively). The model was used as framework for developing a new module for the excel application TASCV3.0.xlsm, a practical computer tool which compares different tractor configurations, soil textures and conditions, in order to determine variants which make for better traction performance, this resulting in saving fuel and time, i.e. reducing the costs of tillage management.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 392-397
Author(s):  
Jun Hui Xu ◽  
Ming Qiu Gao ◽  
Ji Qiang Gao ◽  
Xiang Bao

In the background of the main technologies of fuel economy in automobiles developed to a certain stage, it is necessary to reduce fuel consumption and increase the engine efficiency by developing other auxiliary technologies such as improving the ratio of pure energy drive, low rolling resistance tires, tire pressure monitoring system and gear shift indicators (GSI). This article introduces the principle of GSI, analyses how GSI works in improving engine efficiency, and then evaluates the method for determination of the relative saving rate of fuel consumption, which method was introduced in the EU regulation EC No. 65/2012.


Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Mariusz Wesołowski ◽  
Krzysztof Blacha ◽  
Paweł Pietruszewski ◽  
Paweł Iwanowski

The contact surface of the wheel with the airport surface is important for the safety of flight operations in the ground manoeuvring area. The area of the contact surface, its shape and stress distribution at the pavement surface are the subject of many scientists’ considerations. However, there are only a few research studies which include pressure and vertical load directly and its influence on tire-pavement contact area. There are no research studies which take into account aircraft tires. This work is a piece of an extensive research project which aims to develop a device and a method for continuous measurement of the natural airport pavement’s load capacity. One of the work elements was to estimate the relationship between wheel pressure and wheel pressure on the surface, and the area of the contact surface. The results of the research are presented in this article. Global experience in this field is cited at the beginning of the article. Then, the theoretical basis for calculating the wheel with the road surface contact area was presented. Next, the author’s research views and measurement method are presented. Finally, the obtained test results and comments are shown. The tests were carried out for four types of tires. Two of them were airplane tires from the PZL M28 Skytruck/Bryza and Sukhoi Su-22 aircraft. Two more came from the airport ASFT (airport surface friction tester) friction tester-one smooth ASTM; the other smooth retreaded type T520. The tires were tested in a pressure range from 200 to 800 kPa. The range of vertical wheel load on the pavement was 3.23–25.93 kN for airplane tires, and 0.8–4.0 kN for friction tester tires. The tests proved a significant influence of the wheel pressure value and wheel pressure on the surface on the obtained contact surface area of the wheel with the surface. In addition, it was noted that the final shape and size of the contact surface is affected by factors other than wheel pressure, tire pressure and dimensions.


2010 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Zhong Hong Dong

To study the dynamic wheel load on the road, a dynamic multi-axle vehicle mode has been developed, which is based on distribute loading weight and treats tire stiffness as the function of tire pressure and wheel load. Taking a tractor-semitrailer as representative, the influence factors and the influence law of the dynamic load were studied. It is found that the load coefficient increases with the increase of road roughness, vehicle speed and tire pressure, yet it decreases with the increase of axle load. Combining the influences of road roughness, vehicle speed, axle load and tire pressure, the dynamic load coefficient is 1.14 for the level A road, 1.19 for the level B road, 1.27 for the level C road, and 1.36 for the level D road.


2009 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter H. Waddell ◽  
R. Christopher Napier ◽  
Donald S. Tracey

Abstract Inflation pressure retention (IPR as a loss rate) is a key predictive parameter to improving tire durability. Improved Tire IPR, manifested as reduced percent pressure loss per month values, has statistically been shown to be a direct result of innerliner compounds made with increasing amounts of halobutyl rubber when used as a direct replacement for natural rubber if other variables are constant. Roadwheel performance of tires is highest when using 100-phr of halobutyl rubber in the innerliner compound. This affords a tire with desirably low IPR loss rate values, desirably low tire intracarcass pressure (ICP) values, and increased tire durability as measured in hours until failure on laboratory roadwheels. The use of nitrogen gas in tires in severe service conditions is known, and a variety of benefits have been claimed for use in passenger car tires. In order to test specific claims, tires with innerliners having a 100-phr bromobutyl rubber, and 80/20 and 60/40 bromobutyl/natural rubber blends were studied using three filling gases: dry, pure nitrogen (99.4%), dry air and a 50/50 mixture of dry nitrogen/oxygen (49.8%). Performance was measured for new and oven-aged tires. It is shown that the direct benefits of using nitrogen are in reducing the Tire IPR loss rate values, and in reducing aging since oxygen gas has been initially excluded. Other claimed benefits are found to be a secondary result of the lower Tire IPR loss rate values. Use of nitrogen as the inflation gas does not benefit the measured cavity gas temperature or tire rolling resistance, both of which are shown to be tire pressure dependent, but not dependent upon the filling gas when measured at equal tire inflation pressures.


2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Abdi ◽  
Shojaat Babapour ◽  
Baris Majnounian ◽  
Ghavamodin Zahedi Amiri ◽  
Azade Deljouei

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e0211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Tomaraee ◽  
Aref Mardani ◽  
Arash Mohebbi ◽  
Hamid Taghavifar

<p>Qualitative and quantitative analysis of contact patch length-rolling resistance, contact patch width-rolling resistance and tire deflection-rolling resistance at different wheel load and inflation pressure levels is presented. The experiments were planned in a randomized block design and were conducted in the controlled conditions provided by a soil bin environment utilizing a well-equipped single wheel-tester of Urmia University, Iran. The image processing technique was used for determination of the contact patch length and contact patch width. Analysis of covariance was used to evaluate the correlations. The highest values of contact length and width and tire deflection occurred at the highest wheel load and lowest tire inflation pressure. Contact patch width is a polynomial (order 2) function of wheel load while there is a linear relationship between tire contact length and wheel load as well as between tire deflection and wheel load. Correlations were developed for the evaluation of contact patch length-rolling resistance, contact patch width-rolling resistance and tire deflection-rolling resistance. It is concluded that the variables studied have a significant effect on rolling resistance.</p>


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