scholarly journals Relationships among the contact patch length and width, the tire deflection and the rolling resistance of a free-running wheel in a soil bin facility

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e0211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Tomaraee ◽  
Aref Mardani ◽  
Arash Mohebbi ◽  
Hamid Taghavifar
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Contact Length ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Wheel Load ◽  
Contact Patch ◽  
Patch Width ◽  
Soil Bin ◽  
Patch Length

<p>Qualitative and quantitative analysis of contact patch length-rolling resistance, contact patch width-rolling resistance and tire deflection-rolling resistance at different wheel load and inflation pressure levels is presented. The experiments were planned in a randomized block design and were conducted in the controlled conditions provided by a soil bin environment utilizing a well-equipped single wheel-tester of Urmia University, Iran. The image processing technique was used for determination of the contact patch length and contact patch width. Analysis of covariance was used to evaluate the correlations. The highest values of contact length and width and tire deflection occurred at the highest wheel load and lowest tire inflation pressure. Contact patch width is a polynomial (order 2) function of wheel load while there is a linear relationship between tire contact length and wheel load as well as between tire deflection and wheel load. Correlations were developed for the evaluation of contact patch length-rolling resistance, contact patch width-rolling resistance and tire deflection-rolling resistance. It is concluded that the variables studied have a significant effect on rolling resistance.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of Tire Contact Parameters Using Visual Processing

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Contact Length ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Patch Area ◽  
Wheel Load ◽  
Contact Patch ◽  
Wheel Rolling ◽  
Contact Parameters

This paper discusses the application of noncontact methods to analyze the tire-surface contact interaction. This approach uses the tire test bench with the set of contact patch monitoring based on image processing procedures. The first part of this paper presents the results of experimental estimation of the contact patch area depending on the normal wheel load and inflation pressure for different car tires. The data were obtained for test bench conditions on the basis of the visual processing of tread footprint. Further, the contact length in the cohesion area during wheel rolling for single points on the tire profile has been chosen as a benchmark criterion. This paper has analyzed the influence of the wheel normal load and tire inflation pressure on the contact length with small rolling velocities. The results of the investigations are given for winter and racing tires with different grades of wear.

Impact of Load and Inflation Pressure on Traffic-Induced Soil Compaction for Two Types of Flotation Tires

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-507
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mohsenimanesh ◽  
Claude Laguë
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Contact Length ◽  
High Load ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Contact Patch ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Cone Index

Abstract. An Automatic Air Inflation-Deflation (AAID) control unit was evaluated on a manure tanker equipped with Alliance model 390 30.5LR32 steel belted radial-ply and Michelin 650/75R32 172A8/172B TL MEGAXBIB radial-ply flotation tires. The objective was to validate the effectiveness of the AAID control unit from an engineering perspective and its benefits for field agricultural operations. The contact patch was characterized in terms of rut depth and width, and tire contact length. Soil cone index was used as an indicator of soil compaction caused by the weight of the manure tanker. Cone index and rut depth at the centerline and edge of both the Alliance and the Michelin tires were affected by tire inflation pressure and load. As inflation pressure or load increased, the cone penetration resistance in the contact patch increased, indicating an increase in soil compaction. The adjusted tire inflation pressure for field operation using the AAID control unit reduced the rut depth at a lug imprint at the tire centerline, at a high load of 68 kN per tire, by 18.4% and 15.6% for the Michelin and Alliance tires, respectively, and by 19.1% and 12.0% at a low load of 44 kN per tire for the Michelin and Alliance tires respectively. Keywords: Automatic air inflation deflation, Cone index, Contact patch, Flotation tire, Manure tanker, Rut depth, Rut width, Soil compaction management.

Study of Influence of Operating Parameters on Braking Friction and Rolling Resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 2525 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh K. Srirangam ◽  
Kumar Anupam ◽  
Cor Kasbergen ◽  
Athanasios Scarpas ◽  
Veronique Cerezo
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Wheel Load ◽  
Contact Algorithm ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
The Individual

Tire–road interaction addresses safety with respect to braking friction and energy efficiency in the context of rolling resistance. These phenomena are coherent, but their engineering solutions can be contradictory. For example, highly skid-resistant surfaces may not be ideal for fuel economy, but surfaces with low rolling resistance may be prone to skidding. Several experimental and numerical studies have investigated the individual phenomena, but insufficient attention has been paid to studying them coherently. The present study computed braking friction and rolling resistance for various operating parameters and their coherent response for each parameter with the use of a thermomechanical contact algorithm. Micromechanical finite element simulations of a rolling or braking pneumatic tire against selected asphalt concrete surfaces were performed for various operating conditions, such as tire load, inflation pressure, speed, and ambient air and pavement temperatures. The coefficients of braking friction and rolling resistance were found to decrease with the inflation pressure and the temperature and to increase with the wheel load. The braking friction coefficient was found to decrease with the speed, in contrast to the rolling resistance coefficient, which increases with the same parameter. A full-skidding tire registered lower braking friction than a 20% slipping tire. Also, an asphalt surface with higher macrotexture offered higher braking friction and higher rolling resistance, and vice versa.

scholarly journals Vehicle wheel load estimation with fiber optical contact patch elongation measurement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Coiret ◽  
Martin Fontaine ◽  
Julien Cesbron ◽  
Vincent Baltazart ◽  
David Betaille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Contact Length ◽  
Load Estimation ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Wheel Load ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Contact Patch ◽  
Vehicle Load ◽  
Continuous Estimation ◽  
Efficient Verification

Load estimation of wheels, especially for heavy vehicles, is of importance for several reasons. First safety imposes to respect loading limits for a given tire, but the variety of road infrastructures or bridges passed by a vehicle are defining constraints of larger scales as structure resistance or pavement durability. Moreover, multiple-wheels load estimation may be an efficient verification mean of the loading uniformity of goods inside a heavy vehicle. All these reasons are justifying the interest for a continuous estimation of load for each wheel. In this context, this work aims at contributing to the development of an intelligent tire solution, able to estimate the loading applied on a wheel from the elongation measurement of the tire-to-road contact patch. As a first step of proof of concept, without regarding durability, this measurement has been done with a tire instrumented with a longitudinal, circumferential optical fiber. Measurement on a static test wheel has shown the relevance of the method to detect slight elongation of the contact patch, surrounded by compression of nearby tire areas. The Distributed Optic Fiber (DOF) measurement, widely used in the structural health monitoring domain (SHM), has been related to the force applied to the wheel, by a near linear relation, on the experienced domain of 70 mm to 110 mm for the contact length and 1.1 to 2.6 kN for the vertically applied force. As a result, demonstration is done that an intelligent tire could provide a relevant information on a given wheel load of a vehicle. The optimization of the experimental setup should lead to a robust system, usable continuously on heavy vehicles, to detect harmful loading displacements or to qualify adequacy between vehicle load and road infrastructure capacity.

A Modular Race Tire Model Concerning Thermal and Transient Behavior using a Simple Contact Patch Description

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-246
Author(s):  
Timo Völkl ◽  
Robert Lukesch ◽  
Martin Mühlmeier ◽  
Michael Graf ◽  
Hermann Winner
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Thermal Condition ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
Wheel Load ◽  
Contact Patch ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Simple Contact ◽  
Tire Forces ◽  
Descriptive Set

ABSTRACT The potential of a race tire strongly depends on its thermal condition, the load distribution in its contact patch, and the variation of wheel load. The approach described in this paper uses a modular structure consisting of elementary blocks for thermodynamics, transient excitation, and load distribution in the contact patch. The model provides conclusive tire characteristics by adopting the fundamental parameters of a simple mathematical force description. This then allows an isolated parameterization and examination of each block in order to subsequently analyze particular influences on the full model. For the characterization of the load distribution in the contact patch depending on inflation pressure, camber, and the present force state, a mathematical description of measured pressure distribution is used. This affects the tire's grip as well as the heat input to its surface and its casing. In order to determine the thermal condition, one-dimensional partial differential equations at discrete rings over the tire width solve the balance of energy. The resulting surface and rubber temperatures are used to determine the friction coefficient and stiffness of the rubber. The tire's transient behavior is modeled by a state selective filtering, which distinguishes between the dynamics of wheel load and slip. Simulation results for the range of occurring states at dry conditions show a sufficient correlation between the tire model's output and measured tire forces while requiring only a simplified and descriptive set of parameters.

Influence of Inflation Pressure of a Tire on Rolling Resistance and Fuel Consumption

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Braga Thiriet ◽  
Fabrício José P. Pujatti ◽  
Paulo César S. Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Inflation Pressure

Analisa Elemen Multiarms Resonator Open Loop Pada Band-Pass Filter Mikrostrip Yang Bekerja Di Frekuensi EHF

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
M. Reza Hidayat ◽  
Difa Dwi Juliantara Sukmawan
Keyword(s):  
Bandpass Filter ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
A Value ◽  
Resonator Design ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Patch Width ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Patch Length

The use of bandpass filters is commonly used but the use of specifications varies depending on needs, in this case the microstrip bandpass filter is expected to observe the multiarms characteristics of the open loop resonator on the performance of the bandpass filter for EHF frequencies. The design of this microstrip bandpass filter uses a multiarms open loop resonator design where at the beginning of the simulation stage uses only 1 arm with patch width, arm spacing, feeder line width and patch length based on trial and error. The final simulation results are obtained with a connector distance of 2 mm and a distance of 1 mm between arms with a value of S11 = -13.8 dB and S21 = -2.8 dB at a frequency of 30.8 GHz based on the simulation results. The filter has been successfully fabricated but cannot be measured because the frequency is too high and the measuring instrument cannot measure the frequency

Hierarchical Multiscale Modeling of Tire–Soil Interaction for Off-Road Mobility Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Yamashita ◽  
Guanchu Chen ◽  
Yeefeng Ruan ◽  
Paramsothy Jayakumar ◽  
Hiroyuki Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Wheel Load ◽  
Mobility Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Computationally Intensive ◽  
Soil Bin

A high-fidelity computational terrain dynamics model plays a crucial role in accurate vehicle mobility performance prediction under various maneuvering scenarios on deformable terrain. Although many computational models have been proposed using either finite element (FE) or discrete element (DE) approaches, phenomenological constitutive assumptions in FE soil models make the modeling of complex granular terrain behavior very difficult and DE soil models are computationally intensive, especially when considering a wide range of terrain. To address the limitations of existing deformable terrain models, this paper presents a hierarchical FE–DE multiscale tire–soil interaction simulation capability that can be integrated in the monolithic multibody dynamics solver for high-fidelity off-road mobility simulation using high-performance computing (HPC) techniques. It is demonstrated that computational cost is substantially lowered by the multiscale soil model as compared to the corresponding pure DE model while maintaining the solution accuracy. The multiscale tire–soil interaction model is validated against the soil bin mobility test data under various wheel load and tire inflation pressure conditions, thereby demonstrating the potential of the proposed method for resolving challenging vehicle-terrain interaction problems.

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