Determining the aerodynamic characteristics of the colorado potato beetle collection device

10.12737/2438 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Хазиахметов ◽  
Rustem Khaziakhmetov ◽  
Хасанов ◽  
Ilmer Khasanov ◽  
Валиев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Fall Velocity ◽  
Rational Form ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

In this paper we examined the rotor aerodynamic characteristics of some devices for collection of the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae, consisting of a casing in the form of an oval, separated at the top, and a device, through which the casing arranged inside the airflow. The executed theoretical studies devoted to determining the necessary speed-fall of larvae and beetles, computer modeling of air flow inside the device to identify a rational form of housing and assess the impact of the presence of bushes on the velocity field. According to studies the authors prepared a formula and fall velocity values, depending on the orientation and size of insects in space. It was established that the rate of upflow of υ> 35 m/s provides puffing as adults and larvae, irrespective of their orientation in the housing. In the simulation of air flow within the enclosure, the system of hydrodynamic equations were solved by finite element method using the members of the software packages Salome and OpenFoam of freeware CAE-Linux distribution. It was established that the first in the center upward flow with the velocity of 35m/s is implemented, that blows bush. After that, the flow “leaves” to the right, because the bush creates a drag not symmetrical about a vertical plane, passing through the horizontal axis of the housing. Further in the device a stable motion flow counterclockwise was formed. The obtained results allow to further substantiate the rational form of housing and basic structural and technological parameters of rotor device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae.

Estimating the impact of climate change on the occurrence of selected pests at a high spatial resolution: a novel approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. KOCMÁNKOVÁ ◽  
M. TRNKA ◽  
J. EITZINGER ◽  
M. DUBROVSKÝ ◽  
P. ŠTĚPÁNEK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYThe present study is focused on the potential occurrence of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Say 1824), an important potato pest, and the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis, Hübner 1796), the most important maize pest, during climate change. Estimates of the current potential distribution of both pest species as well as their distribution in the expected climate conditions are based on the CLIMEX model. The study covers central Europe, including Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and parts of Germany, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, Slovenia, the northern parts of Serbia, parts of Croatia and northern Italy. The validated model of the pests’ geographical distribution was applied within the domain of the regional climate model (RCM) ALADIN, at a resolution of 10 km. The weather series that was the input for the CLIMEX model was prepared by a weather generator (WG) which was calibrated with the RCM-simulated weather series (for the period of 1961–90). To generate a weather series for two future time periods (2021–50 and 2071–2100), the WG parameters were modified according to 12 climate change scenarios produced by the pattern scaling method. The standardized scenarios derived from three global climate models (HadCM, NCAR-PCM and ECHAM) were scaled by low, middle and high values of global temperature change estimated by the Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse-gas Induced Climate Change (MAGICC) model (assuming three combinations of climatic sensitivity and emission scenarios). The results of present study suggest the likely widening of the pests’ habitats and an increase in the number of generations per year. According to the HadCM-high scenario, the area of arable land affected by a third generation per season of Colorado potato beetle in 2050 is c. 45% higher, and by a second generation of the European corn borer is nearly 61% higher, compared to present levels.

scholarly journals Influence of Bacillus thuringiensis and avermectins on gut physiology and microbiota in Colorado potato beetle: Impact of enterobacteria on susceptibility to insecticides

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248704
Author(s):  
Olga V. Polenogova ◽  
Yury A. Noskov ◽  
Olga N. Yaroslavtseva ◽  
Natalya A. Kryukova ◽  
Tatyana Alikina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Enterobacter Ludwigii ◽  
Gut Physiology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Gut physiology and the bacterial community play crucial roles in insect susceptibility to infections and insecticides. Interactions among Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), its bacterial associates, pathogens and xenobiotics have been insufficiently studied. In this paper, we present our study of the survival, midgut histopathology, activity of digestive enzymes and bacterial communities of L. decemlineata larvae under the influence of Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis (morrissoni) (Bt), a natural complex of avermectins and a combination of both agents. Moreover, we estimated the impact of culturable enterobacteria on the susceptibility of the larvae to Bt and avermectins. An additive effect between Bt and avermectins was established regarding the mortality of the larvae. Both agents led to the destruction of midgut tissues, a decrease in the activity of alpha-amylases and alkaline proteinases, a decrease in the Spiroplasma leptinotarsae relative abundance and a strong elevation of Enterobacteriaceae abundance in the midgut. Moreover, an elevation of the enterobacterial CFU count was observed under the influence of Bt and avermectins, and the greatest enhancement was observed after combined treatment. Insects pretreated with antibiotics were less susceptible to Bt and avermectins, but reintroduction of the predominant enterobacteria Enterobacter ludwigii, Citrobacter freundii and Serratia marcescens increased susceptibility to both agents. We suggest that enterobacteria play an important role in the acceleration of Bt infection and avermectin toxicoses in L. decemlineata and that the additive effect between Bt and avermectin may be mediated by alterations in the bacterial community.

scholarly journals Features of subsonic air flow around perforated plates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Golubev ◽  
E.G. Stolyarova ◽  
M.D. Kalugina
Keyword(s):  
Normal Force ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Perforated Plate ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Perforated Plates ◽  
Subsonic Speed ◽  
Solid Plate ◽  
Zero Degree

The paper considers the process of flow around a flat plate with rounded front and side edges at various degrees of surface perforation. The flow patterns were studied both near the plate with zero degree of perforation, and at the surface of plates with a perforation degree of more than 20%. The features of air flow directly inside the holes at various values of the angle of attack are considered. Isobars of pressure distribution in the vertical plane of the flow over a solid plate are given. A simulation of the flow around a perforated plate at subsonic speed of the incoming air flow is performed, aerodynamic characteristics are obtained and graphical dependencies of the aerodynamic coefficients of longitudinal and normal force on the angle of attack are presented. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of aerodynamic characteristics for solid (with zero degree of perforation) and perforated plates.

scholarly journals Aerodynamic Characteristics of Isolated Loaded Tires with Different Tread Patterns: Experiment and Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haichao Zhou ◽  
Zhen Jiang ◽  
Guolin Wang ◽  
Shupei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Pressure Coefficients ◽  
Pressure Area ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe current research of tire aerodynamics mainly focus on the isolated and simplified tread tire. Compared with the real complex pattern tire, the tread pattern structure and deformed profile of a loaded tire has a greatly influence on tire aerodynamic drag. However, the mechanisms of the isolated loaded tires with different tread patterns effects on the aerodynamic drag are subjects worthy of discussion. The purpose of this study is to experimentally and computationally investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of three tires 185/65 R14 with different patterns under loaded. A wind tunnel test model was first established using three-dimensional (3D) printing with a ratio of 1:1, and the pressure coefficients Cp of the three tires with different patterns are measured. The paper then conducted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for analyzing the pressure and flow characteristics. The accuracy of CFD simulation is verified by comparing the simulation results with the test results of pressure coefficients Cp, and they are of good consistency. While, the general analysis of pressure coefficients Cp results of the three tires indicates high-pressure area on the windward surface, and occurrence of low-pressure area on the leeward surface, the pressure coefficients Cp of all three tires decreased firstly and then increased along in the air flow direction. The authors finally analyzed the effect of tread patterns on the flow field around the tire and revealed the differences between flow characteristics and aerodynamic drag. The results show that, angle of tire lateral groove has great effect on the flow field characteristics such that; the more the angle of lateral groove agrees with the air flow direction, the less the flow separation and flow vortices, and a minimum observable aerodynamic drag. The research provides a guidance for the design of low aerodynamic drag tires, and helps to illustrate the impact of tire aerodynamics on the car body in the future.

Outcomes of mucociliary clearance and rhinomanometrical changes in nasal pathology

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (25) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Adriana Neagos ◽  
Alexandra Cirticioiu ◽  
Alex George Stanciu ◽  
Iren Csiszer
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Methylene Blue Test ◽  
Nasal Physiology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nasal Pathology ◽  
The Impact

Abstract OBJECTIVE. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the nasal pathologies over nasal mucociliary clearance and rhinomanometric parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS. This is a retrospective analytical observational clinical study during a period of 6 months, between 2014 and 2015. 123 subjects, 63 of whom had nasal pathology and 60 of whom were healthy controls, were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of nasal pathology was made based on clinical examination, nasal endoscopy and anterior rhinomanometry. A methylene blue test was used to evaluate the mucociliary clearance. RESULTS. The subjects with nasal pathology had nasal septum deviation (No=50), chronic rhinitis (No=42), rhinosinusitis (No=15) and nasal polyposis (No=17). The mean total air flow in inspiration in nasal pathology patients group was 546.7 ml/s (millilitre/second), with a median of 594 ml/s, comparing with the control group who had the mean air flow of 865.5 ml/s, with a median of 866.5 ml/s. In expiration, the mean air flow in those with nasal pathology was 603.9 ml/s and a median of 611 ml/s, comparing with the control group who had the mean air flow of 871.1 ml/s and a median around 872 ml/s. The mean time from the application of methylene blue liquid to first seeing it in patients with nasal pathology was 23.41 minutes for the right nostril and 23.32 minutes for the left nostril, comparing with the control group who had the mean of mucociliary clearance of 6.76 minutes for the right nostril and 6.93 minutes for the left one. CONCLUSION. The results obtained in anterior rhinomanometry and methylene blue liquid test showed that nasal pathology does affect nasal physiology and it is an important factor to evaluate the mucociliary clearance.

Emotional Reactivity to Visual Content as Revealed by ERP Component Clustering

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslaw Wyczesany ◽  
Szczepan J. Grzybowski ◽  
Jan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the study, the neural basis of emotional reactivity was investigated. Reactivity was operationalized as the impact of emotional pictures on the self-reported ongoing affective state. It was used to divide the subjects into high- and low-responders groups. Independent sources of brain activity were identified, localized with the DIPFIT method, and clustered across subjects to analyse the visual evoked potentials to affective pictures. Four of the identified clusters revealed effects of reactivity. The earliest two started about 120 ms from the stimulus onset and were located in the occipital lobe and the right temporoparietal junction. Another two with a latency of 200 ms were found in the orbitofrontal and the right dorsolateral cortices. Additionally, differences in pre-stimulus alpha level over the visual cortex were observed between the groups. The attentional modulation of perceptual processes is proposed as an early source of emotional reactivity, which forms an automatic mechanism of affective control. The role of top-down processes in affective appraisal and, finally, the experience of ongoing emotional states is also discussed.

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