SOIL CONDITIONS OF FOREST VEGETATION GROWTH OF NORTHERN VOLGA

10.12737/3822 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Жубрин ◽  
Denis Zhubrin ◽  
Сабиров ◽  
Ayrat Sabirov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Conducting soil studies are relevant in determining the subordination of forest types and biodiversity of vegetation to soil taxa, in determining the dependence of basic forest stand productivity from soil conditions, in creating a land registry and economic assessment of forest land, in studying the soil evolution of forest plantations under the impact of anthropogenic influences. Soil is the most important environmental factor in shaping the productivity and biodiversity of forest phytocenosis. The study of forest soils is also important in terms of basic research of their genesis, evolution. The article presents the results of research of soil conditions of vegetation growth of forest ecosystems of northern regions of Volga of the Republic of Tatarstan. The main types of forest soils are characterized in the paper. The studied forest formations grow on various soils on genesis and forest vegetation properties: sod-podzol, gray forest, brown forest, brown forest sandy, alluvial meadow, rendziny soil. The granulometric structure of soils varies from sandy to the clay. The well structured soils are formed on loamy layers under forest phytocenosis canopy. Pine and spruce ecosystems have a medi-decomposed litter of moder and multi-moder types; linden, oak, birch and aspen biogeocoenoses have strong-decomposed litter of multi type, that characterizes the intense biological cycle of substances in forest ecosystems. The wide range of place conditions of territories causes the biological diversity of forest vegetation at the level of species and ecosystems.

scholarly journals Inhibiting myosin-ATPase reveals a dynamic range of mitochondrial respiratory control in skeletal muscle

2011 ◽  
Vol 437 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. R. Perry ◽  
Daniel A. Kane ◽  
Chien-Te Lin ◽  
Rachel Kozy ◽  
Brook L. Cathey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Atpase Inhibitor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Assessment of mitochondrial ADP-stimulated respiratory kinetics in PmFBs (permeabilized fibre bundles) is increasingly used in clinical diagnostic and basic research settings. However, estimates of the Km for ADP vary considerably (~20–300 μM) and tend to overestimate respiration at rest. Noting that PmFBs spontaneously contract during respiration experiments, we systematically determined the impact of contraction, temperature and oxygenation on ADP-stimulated respiratory kinetics. BLEB (blebbistatin), a myosin II ATPase inhibitor, blocked contraction under all conditions and yielded high Km values for ADP of >~250 and ~80 μM in red and white rat PmFBs respectively. In the absence of BLEB, PmFBs contracted and the Km for ADP decreased ~2–10-fold in a temperature-dependent manner. PmFBs were sensitive to hyperoxia (increased Km) in the absence of BLEB (contracted) at 30 °C but not 37 °C. In PmFBs from humans, contraction elicited high sensitivity to ADP (Km<100 μM), whereas blocking contraction (+BLEB) and including a phosphocreatine/creatine ratio of 2:1 to mimic the resting energetic state yielded a Km for ADP of ~1560 μM, consistent with estimates of in vivo resting respiratory rates of <1% maximum. These results demonstrate that the sensitivity of muscle to ADP varies over a wide range in relation to contractile state and cellular energy charge, providing evidence that enzymatic coupling of energy transfer within skeletal muscle becomes more efficient in the working state.

Effect of the Gabčíkovo Waterworks (Slovakia) on riparian floodplain forest ecosystems in the Danube inland delta: vegetation dynamics and trends

Biologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Petrášová-Šibíková ◽  
Igor Matečný ◽  
Eva Uherčíková ◽  
Peter Pišút ◽  
Silvia Kubalová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Floodplain Forest ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rare Opportunity

AbstractHuman alteration of watercourses is global phenomenon that has had significant impacts on local ecosystems and the services they provide. Monitoring of abiotic and biotic changes is essential to mitigating long-lasting effects, and the 23-year dataset from the Gabčíkovo Waterworks provided a rare opportunity to assess the impact of groundwater regimes on vegetation. The main aim of this study was to describe the effect of the Gabčíkovo Waterworks on vegetation structure and species composition of the adjacent riparian floodplain forests over the past 23 years. The results are based on studies of three permanent monitoring plots (PMPs) located in the Danube inland delta – two outside (PMP 1 and 3) and one (PMP 2) fully under the influence of the artificial supply system. Our results demonstrate that the Danube inland delta was negatively affected by the Gabčíkovo construction, particularly for sites outside of the artificial supply system. There was a significant decrease in soil moisture and increase in nitrogen at both external PMPs (1 and 3). Alter soil conditions were accompanied by negative changes in plant species composition demonstrated by decreases in the number of typical floodplain forest species that are characteristic for the alliance

scholarly journals Modeling of Forest Ecosystem Degradation Due to Anthropogenic Stress: The Case of Rohingya Influx into the Cox’s Bazar–Teknaf Peninsula of Bangladesh

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Mohammad Emran Hasan ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Riffat Mahmood ◽  
Huadong Guo ◽  
Guoqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Anthropogenic Stress ◽  
Ecosystem Integrity ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
The Impact

Overdependence and cumulative anthropogenic stresses have caused world forests to decrease at an unprecedented rate, especially in Southeast Asia. The Cox’s Bazar–Teknaf Peninsula of Bangladesh is not an exception and follows the global deforestation trend. Despite being one of the country’s richest forest ecosystems with multiple wildlife sanctuaries, reserve forests, and influential wildlife habitats, the peninsula is now providing shelter for nearly one million Rohingya refugees. With the global deforestation trend coupled with excessive anthropogenic stresses from the Rohingya population, the forests in the peninsula are continuously deteriorating in terms of quality and integrity. In response to deforestation, the government invested in conservation efforts through afforestation and restoration programs, although the peninsula faced a refugee crisis in August 2017. The impact of this sudden increase in population on the forest ecosystem is large and has raised questions and contradictions between the government’s conservation efforts and the humanitarian response. Relocation of the refugees seems to be a lengthy process and the forest ecosystem integrity needs to be preserved; therefore, the degree of stresses, level of impacts, and pattern of deforestation are crucial information for forest conservation and protection strategies. However, there are a lack of quantitative analyses on how the forest ecosystem is deteriorating and what future results would be in both space and time. In this study, the impact of the sudden humanitarian crisis (i.e., Rohingya refugees) as anthropogenic stress in Cox’s Bazar–Teknaf peninsula has been spatiotemporally modeled and assessed using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and other collateral data. Using the density and accessibility of the Rohingya population along with the land cover and other physiographic data, a multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) technique was applied through the Markov cellular automata technique to model the forest vegetation status. The impact of deforestation differs in cost due to variability of the forest vegetation covers. The study, therefore, developed and adopted three indices for assessment of the forest ecosystem based on the variability and weight of the forest cover loss. The spatial severity of impact (SSI) index revealed that out of 5415 ha of total degraded forest lands, 650 ha area would have the highest cost from 2017 to 2027. In the case of the ecosystem integrity (EI) index, a rapid decline in ecosystem integrity in the peninsula was observed as the integrity value fell to 1190 ha (2019) from 1340 ha (2017). The integrity is expected to further decline to 740 ha by 2027, if the stress persists in a similar fashion. Finally, the findings of ecosystem integrity depletion (EID) elucidated areas of 540 and 544 hectares that had a severe EID score of (−5) between 2017 and 2019 and 2017 and 2027, respectively. The displacement and refugee crisis is a recurrent world event that, in many cases, compromises the integrity and quality of natural space. Therefore, the findings of this study are expected to have significant global and regional implications to help managers and policymakers of forest ecosystems make decisions that have minimal or no impact to facilitate humanitarian response.

scholarly journals Analysis of trophic structure of forest flora in the Oril River valley

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
B. A. Baranovsky ◽  
I. A. Ivanko ◽  
A. V. Kotovych ◽  
L. A. Karmyzova ◽  
N. O. Roschina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Common Oak

Biodiversity is important for maintaining of forest ecosystems functioning and in their resistance to anthropo-climatic challenges. Assessment of species diversity and species ecomorphic analysis is the basis for determining their current status, rational use and protection. At the end of the nineteenth century, Belgard A. L. (1950) in his system of ectomorphs using terminology presented by Dekandol (1956) and Warming (1903), had proposed a «trophomorph» category that reflected species relation to soil richness. Analysis of trophomorphs reflects diversity of soil conditions in different biotopes within forest ecosystems. The article gives an analysis on vascular plant trophomorphs distribution in various forest biotopes of Oril river valley. Flora and vegetation surveys in forests of Oril river valley were carried out by A. L. Belgard and T. F. Kirichenko since the 30s of the 20th century. The latest data on forest vegetation state within the Oril river valley were given in the works of Y. Gamulja and V. Manyuk. Generalized bioecological analysis of flora Oril river valley was represented in the monograph of B. Baranovsky, V. Maniuk, I. Ivanko, L. Karmyzova «Flora analysis of the Oril National Park». As is known, edaphic conditions of plant habitats in a first place are determined by soil fertility depending on the plant nutrients availability. Soddy-forest soil on sandy terrace of Oril river valley has a relatively low content of humus and total nitrogen: 2 and 0.04 %. Under these conditions, pine phytocenoses were ocсurred that represented exclusively by artificial plantings. Soils in the depressed area of Oril river floodplain are much richer in humus and nitrogen content (10 and 0.37 %). Here, arboreal and shrubby vegetation is represented by communities with common oak. On the second terrace of Oril river valley, forest vegetation is represented by artificial pine forests. Microcenoses with black locust, amorpha and willow occurred on elevated areas of sandy terrace (arena). In the depressed area of the arena, microcenoses with aspen and birch, aspen, Tatarian maple, amorpha, black locust were occurred additionally to pine communities. In the Oril floodplain, native arboreal and shrubby vegetation is represented mainly by communities with common oak. In depressed areas of the floodplain, microcenoses with white poplar, black poplar, aspen, Tatarian maple, amorpha, willow (Salix alba, S. fragilis), osiery (Salix cinerea, S. triandra),  and alder are fragmentarily occurred. In conditions of elevated areas of the floodplain, 196 vascular plants species were found, and 105 species in depressed areas. On the second terrace, 38 plant species grow on the elevated areas, and 54 species on the depressed ones. Flora includes 45 adventive plant species. In depressed floodplain areas, oligotrophs are represented by 7 species, mesotrophs by 126 species, megatrophs by 50 species, and in elevated areas: 7, 126 and 25 species, respectively. In depressed areas of arena oligotrophs are represented by 4 species, mesotrophs by 29 species, and megatrophs by 11, elevated areas: 7 and 21 species respectively, and megatrophs were absent.

scholarly journals Weak Land–Atmosphere Coupling Strength in HadAM3: The Role of Soil Moisture Variability

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lawrence ◽  
Julia M. Slingo
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Coupling Strength ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Moisture Variability ◽  
Moisture Variability

Abstract A recent model intercomparison, the Global Land–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE), showed that there is a wide range of land–atmosphere coupling strengths, or the degree that soil moisture affects the generation of precipitation, amongst current atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). Coupling strength in the Hadley Centre atmosphere model (HadAM3) is among the weakest of all AGCMs considered in GLACE. Reasons for the weak HadAM3 coupling strength are sought here. In particular, the impact of pervasive saturated soil conditions and low soil moisture variability on coupling strength is assessed. It is found that when the soil model is modified to reduce the occurrence of soil moisture saturation and to encourage soil moisture variability, the soil moisture–precipitation feedback remains weak, even though the relationship between soil moisture and evaporation is strengthened. Composites of the diurnal cycle, constructed relative to soil moisture, indicate that the model can simulate key differences in boundary layer development over wet versus dry soils. In particular, the influence of wet or dry soil on the diurnal cycles of Bowen ratio, boundary layer height, and total heat flux are largely consistent with the observed influence of soil moisture on these properties. However, despite what appears to be successful simulation of these key aspects of the indirect soil moisture–precipitation feedback, the model does not capture observed differences for wet and dry soils in the daily accumulation of boundary layer moist static energy, a crucial feature of the feedback mechanism.

Impact of basic risks, sanctions and adverse market conditions on the coal industry development in Russia over the period to 2040. Part I: External and internal challenges critical to the coal industry development and its performance scenarios in the post-crisis period

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Plakitkin ◽  
◽  
L. S. Plakitkina ◽  
K. I. Dyachenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Industry Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

The growth prospects for coal production in Russia are not so clearly evident as it may seem. Today there is a wide range of alternative avenues of advancement for the coal sector, which can be explained by the external and internal challenges critical to the development of the coal industry in Russia. The basic risks potentially capable to cause the most adverse effect on the coal industry performance in the years to come include: the coal market slump in the world; ecological risks; risks due to sanctions imposed by the USA and European Union to restrict import of new technologies and attraction of financial assets; social risks. Aiming to evaluate the impact of these risks on the coal industry performance in the coming years, four look-ahead scenarios are developed: baseline, hazardous (baseline), moderate, and hazardous (moderate). The moderate scenario is found to be more innovative than the baseline scenario. The highest rate of introduction of technological innovations is representative of the technologies with lower level of the predicted output of coal. This study has been partly supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of R&D Project No. 18-010-00467 Development of Economic Indicators and Production Data for the Coal Industry Development in Russia up to 2035 with the Changing Vector of Global Technological Innovation due to Implementation of Industry 4.0 Program.

ORGANIZATION OF FOREST SOILS MONITORING

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Сабиров ◽  
Ayrat Sabirov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Soil Monitoring ◽  
Balance Of Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Indicators

The impact of productive activity of human on the ecological balance of nature. Ecological functions of soils of forest biogeocenoses. Regional features of the ecosystems functioning, soil formation factors. Organization of the soil cover state monitoring. Environmental monitoring of forest soils. Objectives of soil monitoring of forest ecosystems. Collection of the available information on forest ecosystems. Choice of monitoring objects. Soil and environmental hospitals. Fixed trial areas. Long-term and seasonal observations of soil properties. Temporary trial areas. Soil monitoring on the route courses. The use of satellite imagery in the environmental assessment of erosive landscapes. Controlled soil indicators. Research methods of soil properties and composition of pollutants. Processing of experimental data using information technology. Mathematical models of the spread of pollutants, the interrelation between soil indicators (in the soil), between soil properties and indicators of the characteristic of forest, the evolution of forest soil. Small-scale and medium-scale regional maps of land erosion, soil contamination by chemicals. Large-scale maps of physical degradation of soils, the content of macronutrients and micronutrients, acidity, humus condition of soils. Maps are accompanied by an explanatory note (soil sketch). Maximum permissible amount of the chemicals (maximum allowable concentrations) polluting the soil. Maximum permissible loading on forest soils under anthropogenic impact. Rational use and protection of forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals СОДЕРЖАНИЕ КАДМИЯ В ПОЧВЕ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОБЪЕКТАХ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСНЫХ ЭКОСИСТЕМ ПРИВОЛЖСКОЙ ВОЗВЫШЕННОСТИ В ПЕНЗЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
М.И. Андреева ◽  
А.И. Иванов ◽  
Д.Г. Смирнов
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Volga Upland

The article presents the results of research on the content of cadmium in gray forest soils located under forest vegetation in the conditions of the Volga upland within the Penza region. A quantitative assessment of the accumulation of this metal in the organisms of mushroom, vascular plants, mosses, lichens and invertebrates is given. The analysis of features of accumulation of this element by representatives of various ecological groups and life forms of these organisms is carried out. The problem of influence of forest resources use on the content of cadmium in forest ecosystems is considered.

scholarly journals Emergence and establishment of native and non-native species in soils of remnant and converted highland grasslands – southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena de Lima Müller ◽  
Rodrigo Ramos Lopes ◽  
Julia-Maria Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Native Grasslands ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tussock Grass ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Native grasslands in the Campos de Cima da Serra, Brazil, are being converted at speed for exotic tree plantations and cropland. The impact of modified and novel soil conditions on the establishment of native grassland species is unknown; establishment of non-native species, deliberately or accidentally introduced, could be favoured. In a common garden composed of fully randomized replicate samples of soils collected from remnant grassland, former cropland and pine plantations, we tested emergence and establishment of five cold-season species: Native low-tussock grass Piptochaetium montevidense (Spreng.) Parodi; native legume Trifolium riograndense Burkart; naturalized low-tussock grass Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray; low-tussock grass Holcus lanatus L., cultivated and naturalized in Brazil; and a cultivar of non-native Trifolium repens. Other than expected, soil type and species*soil type interactions had no significant effect on seedling emergence after 132 days in the field. Species effect on seedling emergence, however, was highly significant. Vulpia bromoides emergence was significantly highest in all soil types. Holcus lanatus and Trifolium riograndense both achieved second highest emergence rates and did not differ significantly from each other. Lowest overall emergence rates were found in the non-native clover cultivar. Lab germination tests failed for Piptochaetium, although it showed reasonable emergence in the field. Good performance of the native clover is encouraging for future grassland restoration, but the value of highly germinable Vulpia as a forage remains to be tested. Holcus tolerates a wide range of soil conditions and its life history traits may promote naturalization, or even invasiveness. Native grasslands of the region should be monitored for this species. Studies like these, but set up on a larger geographical scale and with a wider array of native species, will be essential in developing ecological restoration methods for southern Brazilian grasslands.

scholarly journals Fungi causing powdery mildew on plants of a Botanical Garden in Southern Finland

Karstenia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 13-29
Author(s):  
Ville J. Heiskanen ◽  
Jari P. T. Valkonen
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Fungi that cause powdery mildew on plants are plant pathogenic parasites (<em>Erysiphales</em>) and can significantly reduce the ornamental value of plants and cause significant yield losses among cultivated plants. In this study, 94 plant accessions infected with powdery mildew were observed in Kumpula Botanic Garden, Helsinki, Finland, in 2015. The taxonomic affiliation and species richness of powdery mildew fungi were investigated. Morphological studies by microscope distinguished only 14 fungal species, whereas further comparisons of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences enabled the identification of 28 species. Hence, ITS sequencing improved the reliability of species determination, as compared with the use of morphological characteristics only. The vegetation in an area of six hectares supported a wide range of fungi that cause powdery mildew as well as hyperparasitic microbes, which may balance the impact of pathogens in host plants. The findings of this study emphasize the role of botanical gardens in protecting biological diversity in urban areas.

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