scholarly journals AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PUCCINIA DISPERSA ERIKS. AND PUCCINIA GRAMINIS PERS. DEVELOPMENT IN THE CROPS OF RYE IN THE KIROV REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Люция Щеклеина ◽  
Lyuciya Schekleina ◽  
Татьяна Шешегова ◽  
Tat'yana Sheshegova
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
North East ◽  
Degree Of Damage

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of winter rye selection in the Research Center of the North-East for more than half a century of research. The dynamics of the degree of damage by brown and stem rust and the immune status of 9 varieties created at the institute in different periods (Vyatka 2, zoned in 1950; Dymka, 1993; Kirovskaya 89, 1993; Falenskaya 4, 1999; Snezhana, 2004; Rushnik, 2008; Flora, 2010; Grafinya, 2015; Kiprez - has been in state testing since 2017), and with different conditions of climatic factors. Taking into account the selection methods and the source material used in the work, as well as the year of inclusion of varieties in the State Register, they were divided into 3 stages of selection and variety change, 3 varieties in each. The study of the gene pool took place in 2010-2018 in the nursery of the competitive test with the natural infectious load of pathogens. The degree of damage to indicator (susceptible) varieties of brown rust averaged 41.4%, stem - 71.3%, which in terms of hardness corresponds to an average and strong infectious background. A reliable (at P ≥095) decrease in the degree of plant damage by stem rust was revealed with an increase in precipitation during the period of “bloom - milky-wax ripeness” (r = -0.68). At the same time, a closer relationship (r = - 0.74) for the varieties of the third stage of selection than for the varieties of the first and second stages is r = -0.62 and 0.66, respectively. The effect of temperature on the pathogenesis of both types of rust is insignificant, although it has a negative value. In the plant-microbial relationship Secale cereale-Puccinia dispersa, the effect of environmental factors is mostly insignificant, except for the effect of temperature on the development of brown rust in varieties of the second stage of selection (r = -0.51). Among the studied gene pool, only the Snezhana variety is characterized as resistant to leaf rust with a degree of damage ranging from 4.0 to 20.0%, and Vyatka 2 is moderately resistant to stem rust (20.0-35.0%). This trait in the Snezhana variety can be determined by the presence in its genome of the complex resistance donor Rossul (Lr4 and Sr1) from the VIR collection, and in the Vyatka 2 variety - by the recessive-polygenic type of short-stemming and intensive growth during the critical periods of the P. graminis pathogenesis. Close to them in terms of immune status is the Kirovskaya 89 variety, created with the participation of the Russian donor (RPd is an unidentified brown rust resistance gene). To date, in a series of successive stages of breeding, there is no significant progress in increasing the rust resistance of winter rye varieties. However, given the increase in rust infection, it is necessary to expand the immunological studies and strengthen the breeding work in this direction.

scholarly journals Monitoring of winter rye diseases in Kirov region and possible trends of breeding for immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
L. M. Shchekleina
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Seed Crops

The analysis of the phytosanitary situation in production, selection and seed crops of winter rye in Kirov region for the period from 1999 to 2018 was carried out in order to adjust the tasks of breeding for resistance to the most harmful diseases. The affection of the sowings (spread of the disease), the development of the disease and the area of the affected crops relative to the number of the examined ones were evaluated. The trend in the development of the diseases was established on the basis of a regression analysis of long-term data of the branch of the FSBI Rosselkhozcentr in Kirov region. The annual (100 %) manifestation of snow mold and ergot has been established. Next according to the frequency of manifestation there are root rots and brown rust – 95 %, powdery mildew – 75 %, sclerotinia – 70 %, Fusarium head blight – 70 %, and stem rust – 50 %. A relatively low frequency of manifestation has been observed with septoriose and rhynchosporium – 35 and 30 %. However, taking into account the development of winter rye diseases which exceed the economic threshold of harmfulness (ETH), the studied pathocomplexes have different levels of danger. Thus, the development of brown rust above ETH was diagnosed 13 times within 19 years. The most severe disease development (20.0-52.0 %) was in 2001, 2005, 2009, and 2010; weak - in 2007 (0.8 %), 2017 (1.4 %), 2015 (2.4 %), and 2011 (5 %). The manifestation of powdery mildew above ETH was observed 6 times within 15 years, disease development was at the level of 13.0-53.0 %. The development of septoriose above ETH was diagnosed 6 times within 7 years with the development of disease from 13.5 to 63.0 %. Development of stem rust above ETH was diagnosed 5 times within 10 years with the status of the sign of 15.0-20.0 %. The cyclicity of spread of the most harmful diseases and trends of their change in agrocenoses of winter rye are shown. Thus, the most epitphytotically dangerous diseases include snow mold, brown rust, stem rust, powdery mildew and septoriose. Constant control is also required in relation to ergot and Fusarium head blight. These diseases should be an object for breeding-and-immunological studies.

Distribution and temperature sensitivities of genes for stem rust resistance in Australian oat cultivars and selected germplasm

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Adhikari ◽  
R. A. McIntosh ◽  
J. D. Oates
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
New South ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Infection Types

Seedlings of 40 Australian oat cultivars and 154 elite oat lines were tested with various pathotypes of P. graminis avenae. Fourteen cultivars carried Pg-2 and/or Pg-4. One cultivar carried Pg-13 and 4 carried Pg-a. Several cultivars possessed different combinations of Pg-1, Pg-2, Pg-3, and/or Pg-4, but none possessed Pg-8 or Pg-9. Since most elite lines were resistant to all cultures collected from the pathogenicity survey in 1993 and gave similar low infection types, it was postulated that they all carried a common gene, Pg-a. All isolates from the 1993 survey, except one from northern New South Wales, were avirulent for Pg-a. Studies of the effect of temperature on reaction to stem rust showed that resistances in lines possessing Pg-8 and Pg-16 became ineffective at 21.5°C, but were effective at 17°C. Similarly, resistances in lines possessing Pg-4, Pg-12, and Pg-a were effective at 21.5°C, but became ineffective at or above 26°C. Resistances conferred by Pg-1, Pg-2, Pg-13, and Pg-Sa were not affected by temperature. Although resistance conferred by Pg-a was temperature-sensitive, the retardation of fungal growth with decrease in temperature suggested that increasing day temperatures would not cause the breakdown of this resistance provided night temperatures remain cool.

scholarly journals Mapping and validating stem rust resistance genes directly in self-incompatible genetic resources of winter rye

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Gruner ◽  
Anne-Kristin Schmitt ◽  
Kerstin Flath ◽  
Hans-Peter Piepho ◽  
Thomas Miedaner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

AbstractKey messageIndividual stem rust resistance genes could be directly mapped within self-incompatible rye populations.AbstractGenetic resources of rye (Secale cerealeL.) are cross-pollinating populations that can be highly diverse and are naturally segregating. In this study, we show that this segregation could be used for mapping stem rust resistance. Populations of pre-selected donors from the Russian Federation, the USA and Austria were tested on a single-plant basis for stem rust resistance by a leaf-segment test with three rust isolates. Seventy-four plants per population were genotyped with a 10 K-SNP chip. Using cumulative logit models, significant associations between the ordinal infection score and the marker alleles could be found. Three different loci (Pgs1,Pgs2,Pgs3) in three populations were highly significant, and resistance-linked markers could be validated with field experiments of an independent seed sample from the original population and were used to fix two populations for resistance. We showed that it is possible to map monogenically inherited seedling resistance genes directly in genetic resources, thus providing a competitive alternative to linkage mapping approaches that require a tedious and time-consuming inbreeding over several generations.

Search for immunologically valuable winter rye genotypes using separate parameters of non-specific resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-517
Author(s):  
Lucia M. Shchekleina ◽  
Tatiana K. Sheshegova ◽  
Elena I. Utkina
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance

More than 100 Russian varieties and collection samples of winter rye were studied under the conditions of the Kirov region against the natural infectious background of the development of mycoses (2019-2020). The degree of damage by powdery mildew during the years of research reached 86.3 %, septoria – 63.3 %, brown rust – 40.5 %, stem rust – 60.0 %, rhynchosporiosis – 29.3 %. During plant ontogenesis (from phases 31 to 85 Zadoks scale), the growth of fungal infection in varietal biocenoses was analyzed. When accounting for diseases, well-known methods were used. The nature of plant-microbial interactions and the parameters of resistance were assessed by indicators of ADDC (area under the curve of disease development), IR (resistance index) and LP (latency period). A close relationship was established between the duration of LP and the degree of septoria infection (r = -0.98), brown rust (r = -0.95), powdery mildew (r = -0.92), stem rust (r = -0.80), rhynchosporiosis (r = -0.67). The regression equations are linear (R2 = 0.84 ... 0.96) and indicate a daily increase in diseases (from 0.52 to 0.88 %). In the course of immunological management, there have been identified about 20 varieties of Russian selection distinguished by nonspecific resistance to two or more diseases, slow (slow rusting) growth of infection in varietal biocenoses and a long latent period of pathogenesis. Among them are the varieties of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky (Falyonskaya 4, Vyatka 2, Rushnik, Kirovskaya 89, Snezhana, Flora, Rumba), other scientific institutions of the Russian Federation (Alisa, Pamyati Bambysheva, P-01/14, GP-901 and others) and new samples from the VIR collection (Trinodis 4 Minvak – 139/09 NP, Estet NP 42/14 and others). They can be used in breeding as sources, and indicators of ADDC, IR, LP – as immunologically significant parameters of nonspecific resistance.

A Chemically Induced Mutation for Stem Rust Resistance in ‘Little Club’ Wheat 1

Crop Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Edwards ◽  
N. D. Williams ◽  
F. J. Gough ◽  
K. L. Lebsock
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Induced Mutation ◽  
Chemically Induced

Inheritance of Stem Rust Resistance in ‘Webster’ Wheat 1

Crop Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott ◽  
R. A. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance

A Co‐Dominant PCR‐Based Marker for Assisted Selection of Durable Stem Rust Resistance in Barley

Crop Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1445-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Horvath ◽  
Lynn S. Dahleen ◽  
Jo‐Ann Stebbing ◽  
Greg Penner
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Spatial distribution patterns of soil total phosphorus influenced by climatic factors in China’s forest ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Anchi Wu ◽  
Guoyi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Single Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
P Distribution ◽  
Total P

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an important element in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a critical role in soil quality and ecosystem productivity. Soil total P distributions have undergone large spatial changes as a result of centuries of climate change. It is necessary to study the characteristics of the horizontal and vertical distributions of soil total P and its influencing factors. In particular, the influence of climatic factors on the spatial distribution of soil total P in China’s forest ecosystems remain relatively unknown. Here, we conducted an intensive field investigation in different forest ecosystems in China to assess the effect of climatic factors on soil total P concentration and distribution. The results showed that soil total P concentration significantly decreased with increasing soil depth. The spatial distribution of soil total P increased with increasing latitude and elevation gradient but decreased with increasing longitude gradient. Random forest models and linear regression analyses showed that the explanation rate of bioclimatic factors and their relationship with soil total P concentration gradually decreased with increasing soil depths. Variance partitioning analysis demonstrated that the most important factor affecting soil total P distribution was the combined effect of temperature and precipitation factor, and the single effect of temperature factors had a higher explanation rate compare with the single effect of precipitation factors. This work provides a new farmework for the geographic distribution pattern of soil total P and the impact of climate variability on P distribution in forest ecosystems.

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