Search for immunologically valuable winter rye genotypes using separate parameters of non-specific resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-517
Author(s):  
Lucia M. Shchekleina ◽  
Tatiana K. Sheshegova ◽  
Elena I. Utkina
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance

More than 100 Russian varieties and collection samples of winter rye were studied under the conditions of the Kirov region against the natural infectious background of the development of mycoses (2019-2020). The degree of damage by powdery mildew during the years of research reached 86.3 %, septoria – 63.3 %, brown rust – 40.5 %, stem rust – 60.0 %, rhynchosporiosis – 29.3 %. During plant ontogenesis (from phases 31 to 85 Zadoks scale), the growth of fungal infection in varietal biocenoses was analyzed. When accounting for diseases, well-known methods were used. The nature of plant-microbial interactions and the parameters of resistance were assessed by indicators of ADDC (area under the curve of disease development), IR (resistance index) and LP (latency period). A close relationship was established between the duration of LP and the degree of septoria infection (r = -0.98), brown rust (r = -0.95), powdery mildew (r = -0.92), stem rust (r = -0.80), rhynchosporiosis (r = -0.67). The regression equations are linear (R2 = 0.84 ... 0.96) and indicate a daily increase in diseases (from 0.52 to 0.88 %). In the course of immunological management, there have been identified about 20 varieties of Russian selection distinguished by nonspecific resistance to two or more diseases, slow (slow rusting) growth of infection in varietal biocenoses and a long latent period of pathogenesis. Among them are the varieties of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky (Falyonskaya 4, Vyatka 2, Rushnik, Kirovskaya 89, Snezhana, Flora, Rumba), other scientific institutions of the Russian Federation (Alisa, Pamyati Bambysheva, P-01/14, GP-901 and others) and new samples from the VIR collection (Trinodis 4 Minvak – 139/09 NP, Estet NP 42/14 and others). They can be used in breeding as sources, and indicators of ADDC, IR, LP – as immunologically significant parameters of nonspecific resistance.

scholarly journals Monitoring of winter rye diseases in Kirov region and possible trends of breeding for immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
L. M. Shchekleina
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Seed Crops

The analysis of the phytosanitary situation in production, selection and seed crops of winter rye in Kirov region for the period from 1999 to 2018 was carried out in order to adjust the tasks of breeding for resistance to the most harmful diseases. The affection of the sowings (spread of the disease), the development of the disease and the area of the affected crops relative to the number of the examined ones were evaluated. The trend in the development of the diseases was established on the basis of a regression analysis of long-term data of the branch of the FSBI Rosselkhozcentr in Kirov region. The annual (100 %) manifestation of snow mold and ergot has been established. Next according to the frequency of manifestation there are root rots and brown rust – 95 %, powdery mildew – 75 %, sclerotinia – 70 %, Fusarium head blight – 70 %, and stem rust – 50 %. A relatively low frequency of manifestation has been observed with septoriose and rhynchosporium – 35 and 30 %. However, taking into account the development of winter rye diseases which exceed the economic threshold of harmfulness (ETH), the studied pathocomplexes have different levels of danger. Thus, the development of brown rust above ETH was diagnosed 13 times within 19 years. The most severe disease development (20.0-52.0 %) was in 2001, 2005, 2009, and 2010; weak - in 2007 (0.8 %), 2017 (1.4 %), 2015 (2.4 %), and 2011 (5 %). The manifestation of powdery mildew above ETH was observed 6 times within 15 years, disease development was at the level of 13.0-53.0 %. The development of septoriose above ETH was diagnosed 6 times within 7 years with the development of disease from 13.5 to 63.0 %. Development of stem rust above ETH was diagnosed 5 times within 10 years with the status of the sign of 15.0-20.0 %. The cyclicity of spread of the most harmful diseases and trends of their change in agrocenoses of winter rye are shown. Thus, the most epitphytotically dangerous diseases include snow mold, brown rust, stem rust, powdery mildew and septoriose. Constant control is also required in relation to ergot and Fusarium head blight. These diseases should be an object for breeding-and-immunological studies.

scholarly journals AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PUCCINIA DISPERSA ERIKS. AND PUCCINIA GRAMINIS PERS. DEVELOPMENT IN THE CROPS OF RYE IN THE KIROV REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Люция Щеклеина ◽  
Lyuciya Schekleina ◽  
Татьяна Шешегова ◽  
Tat'yana Sheshegova
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
North East ◽  
Degree Of Damage

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of winter rye selection in the Research Center of the North-East for more than half a century of research. The dynamics of the degree of damage by brown and stem rust and the immune status of 9 varieties created at the institute in different periods (Vyatka 2, zoned in 1950; Dymka, 1993; Kirovskaya 89, 1993; Falenskaya 4, 1999; Snezhana, 2004; Rushnik, 2008; Flora, 2010; Grafinya, 2015; Kiprez - has been in state testing since 2017), and with different conditions of climatic factors. Taking into account the selection methods and the source material used in the work, as well as the year of inclusion of varieties in the State Register, they were divided into 3 stages of selection and variety change, 3 varieties in each. The study of the gene pool took place in 2010-2018 in the nursery of the competitive test with the natural infectious load of pathogens. The degree of damage to indicator (susceptible) varieties of brown rust averaged 41.4%, stem - 71.3%, which in terms of hardness corresponds to an average and strong infectious background. A reliable (at P ≥095) decrease in the degree of plant damage by stem rust was revealed with an increase in precipitation during the period of “bloom - milky-wax ripeness” (r = -0.68). At the same time, a closer relationship (r = - 0.74) for the varieties of the third stage of selection than for the varieties of the first and second stages is r = -0.62 and 0.66, respectively. The effect of temperature on the pathogenesis of both types of rust is insignificant, although it has a negative value. In the plant-microbial relationship Secale cereale-Puccinia dispersa, the effect of environmental factors is mostly insignificant, except for the effect of temperature on the development of brown rust in varieties of the second stage of selection (r = -0.51). Among the studied gene pool, only the Snezhana variety is characterized as resistant to leaf rust with a degree of damage ranging from 4.0 to 20.0%, and Vyatka 2 is moderately resistant to stem rust (20.0-35.0%). This trait in the Snezhana variety can be determined by the presence in its genome of the complex resistance donor Rossul (Lr4 and Sr1) from the VIR collection, and in the Vyatka 2 variety - by the recessive-polygenic type of short-stemming and intensive growth during the critical periods of the P. graminis pathogenesis. Close to them in terms of immune status is the Kirovskaya 89 variety, created with the participation of the Russian donor (RPd is an unidentified brown rust resistance gene). To date, in a series of successive stages of breeding, there is no significant progress in increasing the rust resistance of winter rye varieties. However, given the increase in rust infection, it is necessary to expand the immunological studies and strengthen the breeding work in this direction.

Registration of KS91WGRC14 Stem Rust and Powdery Mildew Resistant T1BL 1RS Durum Wheat Germplasm

Crop Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Friebe ◽  
B. S. Gill ◽  
T. S. Cox ◽  
F. J. Zeller
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Germplasm

Influence of sowing dates on the incidence of powdery mildew of chilli

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUDHEENDRA A. ASHTAPUTRE
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Agricultural Research Station ◽  
Sowing Dates

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2005 at Agricultural Research station, Devihosur, Haveri, Karnataka to assess the progress of powdery mildew at different time interval of sowing dates. Totally 20 different dates of sowings were imposed in the experiment at an interval of 10 days. The crop sown on last week of May to mid of June recorded minimum disease severity compared to rest of the date of sowings. This clearly indicated that crop sown during this period suffers less, which may be due to low inoculum potential, whereas late sown crop suffers more because of the readily available inoculum in the early sown crops. Low disease severity in last week of May to mid of June sowing may be attributed to the non-congenial weather factors for the development of the disease.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus VT1 and its effect on the growth of Candida maltosa YP1

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 272-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Liptáková ◽  
Ľ. Valík ◽  
A. Lauková ◽  
V. Strompfová
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Candida Maltosa ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Spoilage Yeast ◽  
Standard Response

The combined effect of initial amount of 18 h <i>L. rhamnosus</i> VT1 inoculum and incubation temperature on the growth of <i>Candida maltosa</i> YP1, an oxidative food spoilage yeast strain, was primarily modelled and studied by standard response surface methodology. This study resulted in the following linear regression equations characterising lag time and growth rate of <i>C. maltosa</i> YP1 in milk in competition with the potentially protective lactobacillus strain. Lag-phase of <i>C. maltosa</i> was strongly influenced by the amount of lactobacillus inoculum (<i>V</i><sub>0</sub>) and incubation temperature (1/<i>T</i>). The synergic effect of both these factors was also evident as results from the equation lag = –33.50 + 186.38 × <i>V</i><sub>0</sub> × 1/<i>T</i> + 512.27 × 1/<i>T</i> – 5.511 × <i>V</i><sub>0</sub> (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup><sub>(λ)</sub> = 0.849). The growth rate was sufficiently described by the linear relation: <i>Gr</i><sub>Cm</sub> = –0.00046 + 0.0033 × <i>T</i> – 0.0016 × <i>V</i><sub>0 (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup><sub>(Gr)</sub> = 0.847). On the basis of these equations, the mutual microbial interactions and the potential application of the lactobacillus strains to food protection are discussed.

scholarly journals Dissimilarity of barley powdery mildew resistances Lomerit and Heils Hanna

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Japanese Isolate ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Reaction Type ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew ◽  
Old Japanese

&nbsp; The resistance Heils Hanna (HH) was postulated in several tens of 471 previously tested winter barley cultivars. In this paper, new tests on 29 of these cultivars are reported. Thirty-two reference isolates of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei held in the pathogen genebank at the Agricultural Research Institute in Kromeriz, Ltd. including a Japanese isolate and five Israeli isolates were used for response tests. However, the resistance HH conferred by the gene Mla8 and herein characterised by reaction type 0 to an old Japanese isolate known as Race I was now postulated only in four cultivars. In the other 25 cultivars another resistance, characterised by reaction type 0 to Race I and also to two Israeli isolates, was detected. In addition to the two mentioned resistances, eight known (Bw, Dr2, Ha, IM9, Ln, Lv, Ra and Sp) resistances were found in the set examined. Lomerit was the only registered cultivar tested here in which the newly detected resistance was present alone, therefore, it is recommended that this resistance be designated Lo.

Resistance of Tangmai 4 wheat to powdery mildew, stem rust, leaf rust, and stripe rust and its chromosome composition

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Li ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
B. D. McCallum ◽  
X. M. Chen ◽  
H. Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale L

The hard red winter wheat Tangmai 4 did not develop symptoms of infection following inoculation with powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici E. Marchal) isolates from regions of western Canada and northern China. Tangmai 4 exhibited resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.) and leaf rust (P. triticina Eriks.) races from western Canada. This wheat line was resistant to individual stripe rust (P. striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.) races from the U.S. and Canada. Sequential C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and electrophoretic analyses of high molecular weight glutenins and gliadins demonstrated that Tangmai 4 carried a pair of T1BL·1RS wheat-rye (Secale cereale L.) translocated chromosomes. Since the genes located on T1BL·1RS are no longer effective in controlling powdery mildew and the rust diseases, Tangmai 4 must carry additional genes for resistance to these diseases, which makes it a valuable resource for the improvement of resistance in wheat against these diseases. Key words: T1BL·1RS translocation, disease resistance, sequential C-banding and GISH, glutenin, gliadin

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Aggressiveness of Erysiphe necator Populations during Grapevine Powdery Mildew Epidemics

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (20) ◽  
pp. 6327-6332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josselin Montarry ◽  
Philippe Cartolaro ◽  
François Delmotte ◽  
Jérôme Jolivet ◽  
Laetitia Willocquet
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Grapevine Powdery Mildew ◽  
Temporal Differentiation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Isolates of the causal ascomycete of grapevine powdery mildew, Erysiphe necator, correspond to two genetically differentiated groups (A and B) that coexist on the same host. This coexistence was analyzed by investigating temporal changes in the genetic and phenotypic structures of E. necator populations during three epidemics. Group A was present only at the start of the growing season, whereas group B was present throughout all three epidemics. Group A was less aggressive in terms of germination and infection efficiency but was more aggressive than group B in terms of the latency period, lesion diameter, and spore production. Our results are consistent with a temporal differentiation of niches, preventing recombination, and suggest an association between the disease level and the frequencies of genetic groups.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document