scholarly journals IMPACT OF CAST SPEED ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE NON-METALLIC INCLUSIONS IN STEEL

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Vladimír Rega ◽  
Marek Molnár ◽  
Martin Jusko ◽  
Branislav Buľko ◽  
Jozef Kijac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting Machine ◽  
Casting Machine ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Steel Cast ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inclusions In Steel ◽  
The Given

<p>This paper deals with the examination of the impact of steel cast speed on the occurrence of the non-metallic inclusions due to the investigation of the individual samples taken at different steel cast speeds. The aim of this paper was to identify and describe the relation between the non-metallic inclusions occurring in the metal and the cast speed variations at the continuous casting machine. The non-metallic inclusions within this investigation were identified by the method (AES) based on the atomic emission spectroscopy that evaluates the occurrence of the determined elements in the metal. This method applies the principle of the light emitting acquired by the high-voltage spark supply. The investigation of the impact of both the technological production parameters, and the casting on the cleanliness of the given absorption quality of steel leads to their optimization, as well as, to total minimization of occurrence of the non-metallic inclusions in the steel volume were studied.</p>

scholarly journals Physical Modelling of Tundish Slag Entrainment under Various Technological Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1467-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Michalek ◽  
K. Gryc ◽  
L. Socha ◽  
M. Tkadlečková ◽  
M. Saternus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Continuous Casting Machine ◽  
Casting Machine ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Modelling Methodology ◽  
Slag Entrainment ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis paper deals with the issue of physical modelling of vortexes creation and tundish slag entrainment over the mouth of the nozzle into the individual casting strands. Proper physical model is equivalent to the operational continuous casting machine No. 2 in TŘINECKÉ ŽELEZÁRNY, a.s. Physical modelling methodology and simulated operational conditions are shortly described. Physical modelling was used for the evaluation of current conditions of steel casting at the application of different impact pads in the tundish. Further, laboratory measurement on the physical model aiming the determination of exact critical periods of vortexes creation and study of the slag entrainment as a consequence of changes in surface level during the tundish refilling to standard level were realised. The obtained results were analysed and discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of Cooling Conditions on a Slab’s Chill Zone Formation During Continuous Casting of Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Drożdż
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Continuous Casting Machine ◽  
Casting Machine ◽  
Continuous Casting Of Steel ◽  
Secondary Cooling ◽  
Zone Formation ◽  
Casting And Solidification ◽  
Cooling Conditions ◽  
Chill Zone ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe cooling conditions of a slab during continuous casting of steel have an impact on the crystalline structure formation. Numerical methods allow real processes to be modelled. Professional computer programs are available on the market, so the results of their simulations allow us to understand the processes that occur during the casting and solidification of the slab. The study attempts to evaluate the impact of the intensity of the secondary cooling on the chilled zone size. The calculations show the differences in the structure of a slab cast with various speeds while maintaining industrial cooling parameters during operation of a continuous casting machine.

scholarly journals Motivace fanoušků fotbalu, hokeje a florbalu k návštěvě utkání profesionálních sportovních klubů

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Michal Jilka ◽  
Oldřich Racek
Keyword(s):  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
The People ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ticket Prices ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

The article deals with the motivation of consumers of professional sports clubs of football, hockey and floorball to visit matches. Despite the apparent small increase in long-term attendance in selected sports, the average number of visitors compared to foreign countries is significantly lower. The impact can have several aspects, ranging from the unattractive matches or the players who are playing for the club, the bad priced pricing policy of individual clubs, the lack of promotion of the match, etc. To find out the results, the questionnaire survey was used during the individual sports matches, processed and evaluated. It has been found that the most frequent motives for visiting sports matches of selected sports are primarily the people with whom the people go to the match and then the feeling of relaxation and the atmosphere associated with the given match. Ticket prices, even personalities and individuality who are playing for the club, don’t play a role in deciding process.

Investigation of Formation Features of Sulphide Inclusions and their Distribution inside the Grain Depending upon the Conditions of Steel 20 Deoxidation

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 592-597
Author(s):  
S.B. Gamanyuk ◽  
M.V. Kirilichev ◽  
G.V. Babin
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Oxidation Level ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Distribution Features ◽  
Steel Oxidation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Steel 20 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inclusions In Steel

The paper reports laboratory test findings on the impact of steel oxidation level on distribution features of non-metallic inclusions in low-alloyed structural steels. An analysis of the effect of various oxidation methods of steel on the distribution and formation of non-metallic inclusions is made. The results reveal a relation between the amount of sulphide and oxisulphide inclusions formed and steel oxidation level. The release of oxisulphide from the melt is accompanied with a decrease in the amount of both oxygen and sulphur. After oxygen content has achieved an equilibrium value, only “pure” sulphides are formed, which may deteriorate steel plastic properties. Thus, sulphides start precipitating only when oxygen content in the melt falls to a very low value. An increase in the amount of oxysulphides is accompanied with a decrease in sulphur concentration in the melt which reduces sulphide phase concentration at grain boundaries and stabilizes plastic properties. Thus the negative effect of sulphur can be reduced not only by decreasing its content in steel through expensive secondary steelmaking methods but also by controling the amount, shape and types of oxide, sulphide and oxisulphide inclusions in steel.

Numerical Modeling of Nonmetallic Inclusions Flowing Out during Solidification of Continuous Cast Steel Billets in Mould Zone

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 1385-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wlodzimierz Derda ◽  
Ireneusz Staniewski
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Continuous Casting Machine ◽  
Casting Machine ◽  
Continuous Cast ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Metal Volume ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Continuous Cast Steel

Developing the metallurgical purity of steel products requires, among other things, the understanding of the behavior of non-metallic inclusions (NMI) in the bulk of liquid steel in the mould zone within the forming skin of a concast billet. The identification of the mode of NMI distribution with different values of casting parameters influencing the state of the metal in the mould, including electromagnetic stirring intensity, may be of key importance to developing the metallurgical purity of concast billets being cast. The present article discusses the analysis of the results of simulation of NMI flowing out from the liquid steel volume in the mould zone of the steel continuous casting machine (CCM). As the investigation object, two different types of square cross-section mould were chosen, while for carrying out computations for two selected steel grades, a hydrodynamic module (HDM) being an extension of the FLUENT® program was employed. The use of this module made it possible to take consideration of the influence of the EMS-M type electromagnetic stirrer on the conditions of NMI flotation and distribution in the metal volume within the mould for defined thermal – dynamical conditions.

Interrelation of CCM (Steel Billet Continuous Casting Machine) Tube Steel Casting Parameters and Hot-Rolled Plate Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 479-483
Author(s):  
A.M. Stolyarov ◽  
Ye.A. Buneyeva ◽  
M.V. Potapova
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting Machine ◽  
Casting Machine ◽  
Intermediate Ladle ◽  
Rolled Plate ◽  
Tube Steel ◽  
Liquidus Point ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Rolled Plates

The quality of the hot-rolled plate up to 36 mm thick was estimated by the percentage of rolled products, sorted due to the presence of a surface defect "Non-metallic inclusions", and internal defects, detected by ultrasonic plate control. The analysis of the data on the total sorting of hot-rolled plates demonstrated that the amount of sorting differs significantly on the melting from which each series of tubular metal casting commenced, compared to all the other melting in the series. The sorting of the sheets rolled from the metal of the first in a series of melting proved to be 1.9 times higher than that of the metal of all other melts. The main reason (in 68% of cases) of sorting is the presence of non-metallic inclusions on the surface of the plates. The effect of sorting of hot-rolled plates on non-metallic inclusions of various parameters has been studied: the duration of the intermediate ladle-heating; the length of time from the end of the heating of the intermediate ladle, prior to the beginning of the casting; lining temperatures of the intermediate ladle before the beginning of casting; duration of filling the intermediate ladle; the filling rate of the intermediate ladle with metal; mass of metal in the intermediate ladle before the beginning of casting into the crystallizer; chemical composition of metal; overheating of the metal over the liquidus point at the beginning, middle and end of the casting. On the sorting of flat products for non-metallic inclusions, of all the parameters considered, a statistically significant effect is due only to the overheating of the metal above the liquidus point, which varies in the range from 19 to 35 ° C. In order to obtain an acceptable quality of both the surface of slabs and the surface of hot-rolled plates for non-metallic inclusions, the first in a series of melts recommends overheating of the metal in the intermediate ladle above the liquidus temperature of 30-35 ° C.

scholarly journals The Effect of Thermophysical Parameters on Temperature Distribution in the Primary Cooling Zone

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 2079-2082 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Miłkowska-Piszczek
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Continuous Casting Machine ◽  
Casting Machine ◽  
Submerged Entry Nozzle ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Cooling Zone ◽  
Cast Slab ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The values of thermophysical properties obtained from the experimental research, and those that were calculated with thermodynamic databases, are crucial parameters which were used in the numerical modelling of the steel solidification process. This paper presents the results of research on the impact of specific heat and enthalpy, along with the method of their implementation, on temperature distribution in the primary cooling zone in the continuous steel casting process. A cast slab – with dimensions of 1100 mm and 220 mm and a S235 steel grade – was analysed. A mould with a submerged entry nozzle (SEN), based on the actual dimensions of the slab continuous casting machine, was implemented. The research problem was solved with the finite element method using the ProCAST software package. Simulations were conducted using the “THERMAL + FLOW” module.

Investigation of Continuous Casting Slag Films Sampled on Site and Comparison with Laboratory Results

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irmtraud Marschall ◽  
Nathalie Kölbl ◽  
Harald Harmuth ◽  
Guangmin Xia
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Continuous Casting Machine ◽  
Casting Machine ◽  
Slag Film ◽  
Crystalline Layer ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Casting Steel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ti Content

AbstractSlag film samples together with their associated mold fluxes were collected after service during tail out at the voestalpine Stahl GmbH continuous casting machine. The slag films were obtained after casting steel grades different in Al or Ti content and mineralogically investigated. Three distinctive layers could be determined within the slag films. A so called glassy layer, a crystalline layer and a layer, which has been liquid during casting and solidified afterwars, could be observed. Cuspidine (Ca4Si2O7F2) is the prevailing crystal phase in the crystalline layer. Casting alloyed steel grades the structure of the crystalline layer will be modified. With increasing Al2O3 content of the slag, due to interactions with the steel, nepheline ((Na,K)AlSiO4) was formed besides cuspidine. Here the distinctive needle like shaped cuspidine is remarkable. With casting steel grades with even more elevated Al content, the slag composition shows a strong decrease of silica and an increase of alumina. Therefore no longer cuspidine but fluorite (CaF2) and a so far unknown phase rich in alumina are the main crystal phases. When casting steel grades with increased Ti content, perovskite (CaTiO3) will be formed additionally to cuspidine in the crystalline layer.In addition quench tests of the original mold powders as well as DTA and viscosity measurements of the original mold powder and the slag films were performed. The methods revealed the impact of the Al2O3 and TiO2 pick-up on the crystallization temperature, the phase composition and the viscosity.

scholarly journals MUSICAL CONTENT AS A MEDIA TEXT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Zoryana Haladzhun ◽  
◽  
Oleksandr Kondrashov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Subject Area ◽  
Media Technology ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

The relevance of the chosen subject area is determined primarily by the complexity of structural, semantic and communicative organization of the media text phenomenon due to its sign character, plurality of sign systems, correlation of the author and his audience in terms of understanding and decoding textual information, lying in the planes of different approaches to defining the media text concept as well as its analysis. From the viewpoint of modern semiotics, each sign holds a special meaning, is used to store and transmit information, functions in a sign situation, interacts with other elements of the sign system, has clearly defined boundaries, which allows it to be separated from other signs, while musical content is a system of signs expressed by notes that reflect the pitch and duration of the sound, where the note (from Latin, nota, «sign») is a conventional graphic sign, located on the note state and indicating the pitch and relative duration of any sound (in some cases it is also a playback method). Musical semiotics emerged later than other areas of semiotics. The researchers are still debating whether music is a means of transmitting, storing and processing information. Nowadays, musical content as a media text constitutes an integral part of the sound space, in which the role of music does not fundamentally change, as it continues to fulfill a specific function of conveying artistic information that can be emotionally and intellectually consumed, processed and compiled by using modern media technology. Although any media text has a clear focus on the given audience and the specific result, which leaves no room for perception options, it still induces changes in the individual worldview precisely because of the impact on the recipient’s emotions. The only peculiarity of the sound of musical content in the media is that it usually ceases to look like an integral work, and often has a quotation form to influence the viewer or listener as much as possible, in order to form a positive/negative perception of visual/audio object. The variety of modern media makes it possible to broadcast autonomous music (integral, complete musical works, primacy) and applied (discrete, secondary, compiled and subordinate to the text), which carries artistic information, models behavior and influences emotions.

scholarly journals THE METHODOLOGY OF CALCULATING THE IMPACT OF THE PERSONNEL POTENTIAL AND THE EFFICIENCY OF ITS USE ON THE PROFIT OF AN ENTERPRISE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (155) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
V. Kostyuk ◽  
S. Yuryeva ◽  
О. Slavuta
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Multiplicative Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

The article reveals the methodology of calculating the impact of the personnel potential and the efficiency of its use on the profit of an enterprise. It is emphasized that the profit is an important generalizing indicator, which reflects the final financial result of the production and operational activities of an enterprise. Any changes of this indicator are influenced by various factors. It is highlighted that the most active and decisive of them is the personnel potential and the efficiency of its use. The organizational and technical level of the production, the image of the given enterprise, its financial stability and the amount of the profit depend namely on the provision of the enterprise with some qualified workforce and on its rational use. With this in mind, the article argues that the factor analysis of the profit amount, i.e. the determination of the most significant factors’ impact on its change is of an actual importance. In the process of the factor analysis of this indicator it is proposed to use a set of some deterministic factor multiplicative models, which reflect the personnel potential of the enterprise and the efficiency of its use. In order to determine the impact of these factors on the change of the profit amount, it is recommended to carry out a phased factor analysis, which is based on the method of chain substitutions. The article points out that the modeling of this indicator is an important means of solving many economic and statistical tasks, in particular, the analytical and synthetic study of the individual factors’ influence on enterprise’s change of the profit amount. The selection of the main factors, which have the greatest impact on the overall change of the effective profit rate, is of a particular interest. It is emphasized that the value of any generalizing indicator (including the one of the profit) can be displayed in the form of a mathematical model, which is represented by a synthetic indicator (function) and the factors (arguments) that influence on its overall change. Depending on the objectives of the analysis and the availability of the opening economic and statistical information, it is proposed to investigate the impact of a different number of factors (two, three, etc.) on the profit change, i.e. in the process of factor analysis of this indicator to use a variety of economic and statistical models, which make it possible to determine the impact of certain factors on its change at any time. The given method of factor analysis of the profit gives the opportunity to determine the impact of the personnel potential and the effectiveness of its use on the overall change of this indicator, to investigate the regularity of such an influence, to use the obtained analytical and synthetic information for making some optimal management decisions regarding the further development of the enterprise and to ensure its competitiveness. Keywords: methodology, working factors, factor analysis, chain substitutions, profit, personnel potential potential.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document