Retrospective Investigation of Pyrimethamine-Sulfadoxine Resistance Indicators in Falciparum - Malaria Positive Blood Samples from South - Western Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
Saeed A. Al-Harthi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Retrospective Investigation

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism of histidine rich protein 2 in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from different infection sources in Yunnan Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Dong ◽  
Shuping Liu ◽  
Yan Deng ◽  
Yanchun Xu ◽  
Mengni Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Peptide Chain ◽  
Blood Samples

Abstract Background Failed diagnoses of some falciparum malaria cases by RDTs are constantly reported in recent years. Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhpr2) gene deficiency has been found to be the major reason of RDTs failure in many countries. This article analysed the deletion of pfhpr2 gene of falciparum malaria cases isolated in Yunnan Province, China. Methods Blood samples from falciparum malaria cases diagnosed in Yunnan Province were collected. Plasmodium genomic DNA was extracted and the pfhrp2 gene exon2 region was amplified via nested PCR. The haplotype of the DNA sequence, the nucleic acid diversity index (PI) and expected heterozygosity (He) were analyzed. Count PfHRP2 amino acid peptide sequence repeat and its times, and predict the properties of PfHRP2 peptide chain reaction to RDTs testing. Results A total of 306 blood samples were collected, 84.9% (259/306) from which pfhrp2 PCR amplification products (gene exon2) were obtained, while the remaining 47 samples were false amplification. The length of the 250 DNA sequences ranged from 345 - 927 bp, with 151 haplotypes, with PI and He values of 0.169 and 0.983, respectively. The length of the PfHRP2 peptide chain translated from 250 DNA sequences ranged from 115 to 309 aa. All peptide chains had more than an amino acid codon deletion. All 250 PfHRP2 strands ended with a type 12 amino acid repeat, 98.0% (245/250) started with a type 1 repetition and 2.0% (5/250) with a type 2 repetition. The detection rate for type 2 duplicates was 100% (250/250). Prediction of RDT sensitivity of PfHRP2 peptide chains based on type 2 and type 7 repeats showed that 9.60% (24/250), 50.0% (125/250), 13.20% (33/250) and 27.20.5% (68/250) of the 250 peptide chains were very sensitive, sensitive, borderline and non-sensitive, respectively. Conclusion The diversified polymorphism of the pfhrp2 gene deletion from different infection sources in the Yunnan province are extremely complex. The cause of the failure of pfhrp2 exon2 amplification is still to be investigated. The results of this study appeal to Yunnan Province for a timely evaluation of the effectiveness and applicability of RDTs in the diagnosis of malaria.

scholarly journals Transcriptome-based analysis of blood samples reveals elevation of DNA damage response, neutrophil degranulation, cancer and neurodegenerative pathways in Plasmodium falciparum patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akua A. Karikari ◽  
Wasco Wruck ◽  
James Adjaye
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
Neutrophil Degranulation

Abstract Background Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum results in severe complications including cerebral malaria (CM) especially in children. While the majority of falciparum malaria survivors make a full recovery, there are reports of some patients ending up with neurological sequelae or cognitive deficit. Methods An analysis of pooled transcriptome data of whole blood samples derived from two studies involving various P. falciparum infections, comprising mild malaria (MM), non-cerebral severe malaria (NCM) and CM was performed. Pathways and gene ontologies (GOs) elevated in the distinct P. falciparum infections were determined. Results In all, 2876 genes were expressed in common between the 3 forms of falciparum malaria, with CM having the least number of expressed genes. In contrast to other research findings, the analysis from this study showed MM share similar biological processes with cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, NCM is associated with drug resistance and glutathione metabolism and CM is correlated with endocannabinoid signalling and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). GO revealed the terms biogenesis, DNA damage response and IL-10 production in MM, down-regulation of cytoskeletal organization and amyloid-beta clearance in NCM and aberrant signalling, neutrophil degranulation and gene repression in CM. Differential gene expression analysis between CM and NCM showed the up-regulation of neutrophil activation and response to herbicides, while regulation of axon diameter was down-regulated in CM. Conclusions Results from this study reveal that P. falciparum-mediated inflammatory and cellular stress mechanisms may impair brain function in MM, NCM and CM. However, the neurological deficits predominantly reported in CM cases could be attributed to the down-regulation of various genes involved in cellular function through transcriptional repression, axonal dysfunction, dysregulation of signalling pathways and neurodegeneration. It is anticipated that the data from this study, might form the basis for future hypothesis-driven malaria research.

scholarly journals Neonatal screening of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Yanbu, Saudi Arabia

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ahmed Muzaffer
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Neonatal Screening ◽  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Objective: To determine the prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in the population tested, and to evaluate the prevalence of neonatal jaundice in newborns with G6PD deficiency. Methods: Cord blood of all babies born between October 1996 and October 1998 at the Royal Commission Medical Center in Yanbu, Saudi Arabia, was screened for G6PD deficiency by fluorescent spot test. The results of screening of cord blood samples were reported to the physician in charge, and also placed on the files of the babies and their mothers. These babies were observed for 72 h and discharged if no jaundice developed. Results: During this two-year period, 2505 neonatal cord blood samples from 1278 boys and 1227 girls were screened for G6PD. There were 50 positive results for G6PD deficiency (39 boys and 11 girls), and the prevalence was estimated to be around 2%. The sex-specific prevalence for boys was 3.05%, and for girls 0.9%. Male to female ratio was 3:1. Neonatal jaundice developed in six (12%) babies, five male and one female. All were treated with phototherapy and discharged within one week of birth. Conclusion: The prevalence of G6PD is relatively high in Yanbu. Routine neonatal screening in areas with a high prevalence of G6PD in Saudi Arabia is justifiable.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome among Adults in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and Predictors

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Zayed M. Altowerqi ◽  
Zainal Abidin Bin Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Waist Size ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Set Up

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is an emerging health problem and has increased globally. This research aims to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among Saudi Arabia adults and identify the associated predictors of MS among Saudi Arabia adults. One hundred and one (101) male adults aged between 26 and 60 participated in this study. The researchers collected data on height and weight as well as blood samples. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 56.4%. Of the sample, 73.3% ate fast food, 30.7% were smokers, 41.6% were overweight, and 36.6% were obese. It was also found that only 35.6% of participants engaged in low levels of physical activity, 29.7% had a waist size ≥ 102, 70.3% had fasting blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dl, 48.5% had blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg, 20.8% had triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl, 94.1% had high density lipoprotein < 40 mg/dl. Adhoc intervention programmes for non-communicable diseases should be set up in Saudi Arabia to decrease the prevalence of MS.

scholarly journals Identifi cation of Plasmodium species from outdated blood samples by nested-PCR compared with microscopy diagnosis in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Dafalla ◽  
A. A. Alsheikh ◽  
Abakar A. D. ◽  
W. S. Mohammed ◽  
Bakri Y. M. Nour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Blood Samples
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