Detection ofToxoplasma gondiiDNA by PCR in blood samples collected from pregnant Saudi women from the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia

Although traditional cultural norms have tended to impede Saudi women’s engagement in entrepreneurship, there are successful female business owners in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi government, seeing female entrepreneurship as a way to strengthen both the family unit and the economy, has recently created programs to encourage more women to become business owners. However, few women have taken advantage of these programs to date. This study aimed to identify factors that enable female business owners to realize their entrepreneurial potential. Nine business-owning women were interviewed for this phenomenological study. Drawing on Kreuger and Brazeal’s Model of Entrepreneurial Potential (MEP), the study investigated Saudi female entrepreneurs’ perceived self-efficacy, perceived desirability, perceived feasibility and propensity to act on entrepreneurial opportunities. Currently, limited empirical research exists on women’s entrepreneurial activity in Saudi Arabia. This study sought to fill that gap. Results from this study revealed unique strategic approaches and business success factors from the perspective of Saudi women, including their ability to work within or around cultural norms and rules to operate their businesses. The study suggests ways in which Saudi society can support women in realizing their entrepreneurial potential and also makes policy recommendations for government and business support entities.

Download Full-text

Dental Caries and Associated Risk Indicators among Married Saudi Women

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1739437 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Syed Akhtar Hussain Bokhari ◽

Kawthar Almumtin ◽

Wala Mohammed Alhashiem ◽

Duaa youssef Albandar ◽

Zainab Nouh Alyahya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Dental Caries ◽

General Hospital ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Family Income ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Risk Indicators ◽

Dental Visits ◽

Saudi Women ◽

Number Of Children

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) experience among married females in Saudi Arabia and provide an exploratory data for subsequent primary prevention. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted at a general hospital in Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. All married women attending the general hospital from March 1st to April 15th, 2021 were requested to participate. Data was collected on a validated self-reported questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic factors, medical history, dietary pattern, and DMFT. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed using p ≤0.050. Results Four hundred forty-eight married females with the mean age of 30.81 ± 6.11 years, mean duration of marriage of 9.55 ± 6.58 years, and having average number of children 2.32 ± 1.69 participated in the study. 61.7% mothers had ≥10 years of education. 63.6% were non-working and 56.5% were found with low family income. 66% participants reported of doing exercise less or more often yet 51.7% were ≥overweight. Consumption of energy drinks and dairy products was found significantly associated with increasing number of DMFT. Use of fluoridated toothpaste and dental visits was also found associated with increasing number of dental caries. Increasing age (p = 0.040), increasing number of children, and middle family income were also significantly associated with higher DMFT, respectively (p = 0.002, p = 0.022). In multi-logistic adjusted analysis, only consumption of dairy products, dental visits, and the unsure status of the use of fluoridated toothpaste were significantly associated with DMFT ≥1. Conclusion DMFT status in married Saudi women was associated with participants' dietary habits, oral health-related practices, family income, married years, and number of children.

Download Full-text

DETECTION AND SAFETY AWARENESS OF HEAVY METALS IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS FREQUENTLY USED IN SAUDI ARABIA

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/13703 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1439-1448

Author(s):

Samia S. Barghash ◽

◽

Hatem Abdel Moniem Ahmed ◽

Modhi K. Al-Baker ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Graphite Furnace ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Saudi Women ◽

Cadmium Lead ◽

Gf Aas

Background: Heavymetalscontaminationincosmeticproducts isbecoming animportant healthprobleminboth worldwide and locally at the level of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).The aim of this study was to detectthe concentration of heavy metals in the most commonly used eyeliners purchased in Saudi Arabia. Also, to assesssafetyawarenessoftoxicelementsofmostconcernheavymetalsin cosmetics. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was designed and distributed electronically in Saudi Arabia in November 2015.The questionnairewas conducted on 769 Saudi women aged from15-60 years old that is using cosmetic products. Secondly, 10samples from 10 different types of eyeliners frequently used in Saudi Arabia were digested. The digested sampleswere analyzed for lead, cadmium andmercury using graphite furnace- atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). Results:Themajorityofcosmetictypesusedbyparticipantswereeye-linerkohl(73.9%).About(34.59 %) of participants were not aware about heavy metals contents in cosmetics. The heavy metals, cadmium, lead andmercury were detected in all samples with varying concentrations. The level of lead was the highest. There was asignificant difference of cadmium, lead and mercury concentration p< (0.05) in different brands of eyeliner. Therewasstatisticallysignificant difference betweencadmiumandlead alsobetweenmercuryandlead p<0.05ofdifferenteyelinerbrands. Conclusion: It was foundthatthemajorityofparticipantsexpectedthatexpensivecosmeticsaresafe and theypreferred internationalbrandswhichisnotnecessarytobesafe.

Download Full-text

Enhancing Women's Economic Empowerment Through Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia

Gender Economics ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch004 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 74-97

Author(s):

Wassim J. Aloulou

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Literature Review ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Economic Empowerment ◽

Entrepreneurship Development ◽

Saudi Women ◽

Challenging Research ◽

Available Information ◽

Desk Research

This chapter aims, first, to explore the state of the art of women's economic empowerment as a challenging research inquiry that needs a real investigation and to explore the different mechanisms of entrepreneurship development for women. It presents, then, the evidence of how Saudi women are economically empowered and how their potential is unleashed and sparked through entrepreneurship mechanisms. This chapter is based on a literature review on women's economic empowerment and entrepreneurship and a desk research involving the collection and analysis of already available information in the country. It introduces a needed ecosystem for Saudi women's economic empowerment and highlights some main empirical evidence from selected initiatives. Moreover, the recommendation that this chapter advances would be helpful to the practitioners, researchers, planners, and policymakers who are involved in the concerned area. Further, it tries to contribute to the literature of economic empowering of women through entrepreneurship in an emerging economy.

Download Full-text

Revival of Hejaz embroidery: a collaborative design process engaging Saudi female academics

Research Journal of Textile and Apparel ◽

10.1108/rjta-06-2017-0023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 138-156

Author(s):

Sahar Ejeimi ◽

Diane Sparks ◽

Ruoh-Nan Yan

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Cultural Identity ◽

Design Process ◽

Collaborative Design ◽

Content Type ◽

Saudi Women ◽

Fea Model ◽

Apparel Production ◽

The Aesthetic ◽

Workplace Attire

Purpose The purpose of this study was to collaboratively design eight professional dress ensembles incorporating Hejazi tribal embroidery and to evaluate Saudi female academics’ perceptions about those ensembles as appropriate for professional attire. The concept aimed to offer the potential for increased cultural identity by wearing modernized ethnic dress as everyday workplace attire that was relatively practical, affordable and expressive of Saudi cultural identity. Design/methodology/approach The goal in this research was to engage Saudi female academic professionals in designing clothing that integrated Saudi textile and costume traditions into contemporary styles appropriate for the academic work environment. Two models guided the research. The FEA model (Lamb and Kallal, 1992) was used to organize the questions in the survey questionnaire around an integration of culture with functional, aesthetic and expressive aspects of apparel. The second model guiding the research was an adaptation of the USAP participatory co-design model (Demirbilek and Demirkan, 2004). This model was used to engage study participants in the design process. Findings Qualitative results showed that participants were willing to wear the garments in this study, as the garments represented heritage, looked contemporary in terms of style lines, had comfort and interchangeable garment components, embroidery and printed fabric, fabric used in garment designs and color. Quantitative results showed that the ratings for the final garments were generally higher than the first sketches in the first phase. Results of the eight designs in the collection revealed that the aesthetic aspect was the most referenced by the participants among the FEA aspects. Results also indicated that silver waves design received the highest rating among the designs in terms of FEA aspects. Originality/value This research provides greater understanding of the ethnic culture of the Western region of Saudi Arabia for Western scholars. Previous research has indicated an interest in having garment manufacturing take place in Saudi Arabia (Turkustani, 1995). Findings from this research may lead to future study on the state of apparel production in Saudi Arabia and the potential feasibility of establishing a center for training in digital technology to support small business opportunities for Saudi women who are trained for work in the apparel industry.

Download Full-text

The Challenges Saudi Women Face at Work

International Journal of Human Resource Studies ◽

10.5296/ijhrs.v7i1.10697 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lama Hakem

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Working Women ◽

Point Of View ◽

Job Market ◽

Social Barriers ◽

Saudi Women ◽

Government Role ◽

The Social ◽

The Government

While women have all the rights to work and be in charge of powerful positions, in some countries women continue to struggle to be accepted as empowered and productive individuals. In Saudi Arabia, women are facing many challenges with regard to formal political and social participation including their participation in the labor sector. The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate the obstacles and the impediments that Saudi working women face in order to succeed. This study examines the role of Saudi women in the labor sector and the job market taking into account the social barriers, the religious point of view, the government role, and cultural complexities.

Download Full-text

Salespeople Motivation and Job Satisfaction: Evaluation of Female Salespeople in Saudi Arabia

International Journal of Marketing Studies ◽

10.5539/ijms.v7n6p130 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Fahad Saleh Alolayan ◽

Hanan Ali Saidi

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Work Motivation ◽

Early Stage ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Sales Force ◽

Working Environment ◽

High Rate ◽

Female Employment ◽

Saudi Women

In Saudi Arabia, sales force positions have been totally occupied by men until recently. The Saudi Government has taken a number of promising legislative steps to promote women’s employment in the retail industry, especially in department stores that specialize in women’ goods. Saudi women are now entering such positions, and they need encouragement and support in order to retain their place in the labor market and to reduce their high rate of unemployment. At this early stage of Saudi female employment in the sales force, this study aims to support them by evaluating the level of work motivation and job satisfaction in their workplace. Utilizing the Herzberg model, data was collected from 280 female salespeople. The results show that Saudi female salespeople are not well motivated at work, and they have a low contentment with the working environment. It is therefore recommended that the companies hiring female salespeople take the issue of job satisfaction and work motivation seriously by giving women more responsibilities, ameliorating the conditions of advancement and growth, increasing the number of training programs, and improving the work conditions as well as increasing salaries.

Download Full-text