الخطاب الكرافيكي كجزء من الرأي العام في مواجهة جائحة كورونا = The Graphic Discourse as a Part If the General Public Opinion Confrontation the Pandemic of Corona (Covid19)

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
غزوان ، معتز عناد
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
General Public

A Comparative Content Analysis of Physician, General Public and Media Opinion Leader Posts Regarding Physician-patient Conflicts on Microblog (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanqi Gong ◽  
Qin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
General Public ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Comparative Content ◽  
Physician Patient

BACKGROUND Physician-patient conflicts have increased more than ten times from the 2000s to 2010s in China and arouse heated discussion on microblog. However, little is known about similarities and differences among views of opinion leaders from the general public, physician, and media regarding physician-patient conflict issues on microblog. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore how opinion leaders from physician, the general public, and media areas framed the posts on major physician-patient conflict issues on microblog. Findings will provide more objective evidence of trilateral (health profession, general public, and media) attitudes and perspectives on physician-patient conflicts. METHODS A comparative content analysis was conducted to examine the posts (N=545) from microblog opinion leaders regarding the major physician-patient conflicts in China from 2012 to 2017. RESULTS Media used significantly more conflict (M=0.16) and attribution frames (M=0.16) but least popularize medical science frame (M=0.03) than physician (M=0.06, p<0.001; M=0.06, p<0.001; M=0.08, p=0.035, respectively) and general public opinion leaders (M=0.06, p<0.001; M=0.09, p=0.003; M=0.12, p<0.001, respectively). There are no significant differences in the use of conflict, cooperation, negative and popular science frames between general public and physician opinion leaders. CONCLUSIONS This imbalanced use of frames by media would cultivate and reinforce the public perception of physician-patient contradiction. The physician and general public opinion leaders share some commons in post frames, implying that they do not have a fundamental discrepancy on physician-patient conflict issues. It is essential to guide and encourage media microbloggers to make every effort to popularize medical science and improve physician-patient relationships.

Politikberatung der Öffentlichkeit?

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Pitlik
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
General Public ◽  
Policy Advice ◽  
Collective Action Problem ◽  
Academic System ◽  
Countervailing Power

Abstract Due to the incentives of both suppliers and users of policy advice the influence of economists on government decisions is almost negligible. This paper aims to explore the prospects of policy advice addressed to the general public as a countervailing power. It is argued that in order to have some impact on public opinion economists must rely primarily on propaganda and have to overcome a serious collective action problem. Yet, the organization of the academic system provides no incentives for economists to fulfil the role of general-public-oriented advisers.

Postawy wobec osób z niepełnosprawnością a postawy osób z niepełnosprawnością ruchową wobec ludzi z innym rodzajem niepełnosprawności – próba porównania

2018 ◽  
Vol LXXVIII (5) ◽  
pp. 342-352
Author(s):  
Monika Skura
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
General Public ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Motor Disabilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Patterns ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The topic of society's attitudes toward people with disabilities is very frequently explored by researchers, who want to show the transformation and stability of society's beliefs. Analyzing the results that demonstrate communities’ perceptions and attitudes in interactions with people whose appearance and functioning are different, authors attempt to show reasons, changes in attitudes and the level of integration that is taking place. The article attempts to compare the findings of Polish research on the attitudes of nondisabled people toward people with disabilities, and the attitudes of people with motor disabilities to people with disabilities different than their own. The paper includes the results of research conducted by the researchers of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) and the Public Opinion Research Center (CBOS) as well as the results of the author’s own research in which 90 people with motor disabilities expressed their position on people with different disabilities. The article aims to show the attitudes of the study participants and attempts to evaluate if their attitudes differ from the position of the general public. A diagnostic survey was used in the study. The findings indicate that people with motor disabilities, similarly to their environment, copy the social patterns of perception and judgment regarding different groups of people with disabilities. The participants agreed with popular beliefs not only on the question of support for integration and assistance, but also on preferences and judgments concerning different groups of people with disabilities. The study conducted suggests that it is difficult for people with motor disabilities, as it is for nondisabled people, to open up to relationships with people with various disabilities.

scholarly journals Measuring corruption: whose perceptions should we rely on? Evidence from Iceland"

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gissur Ólafur Erlingsson ◽  
Gunnar Helgi Kristinsson
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
General Public ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Perceptual Bias ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
The Public ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
International Corruption

The extent of corruption in Iceland is highly contested. International corruption measures indicate a relatively small amount of corruption while domestic public opinion suggest a serious corruption problem. Thus, uncertainty prevails about the actual extent of corruption and whose perceptions to rely on. This problem is relevant for corruption research in general. Perceptions are increasingly used as proxies for the actual levels of corruption in comparative research. But we still do not know enough about the accuracy of these proxies or the criteria they must meet in order to give dependable results. In fact, radical differences exist concerning evaluations of perceptions between those who believe in unbiased learning and those believing perceptual bias to be widespread. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to attempt to gauge which factors may influence how perceptions of corruption are shaped and why differences in corruption perceptions between different groups may be so pronounced. We present findings from original survey data from three parallel surveys – among the "public", experts, and "municipal practitioners" – conducted in Iceland in 2014. Expectations based on the perceptual bias approach are tested, indicating that perceptions may be affected by (1) information factors, (2) direct experience of corruption and (3) emotive factors. The validity of perception measures should be considered with this in mind. Domestic experts are likely to be well informed and avoid perceptual bias to a greater extent than other groups. Our examination of the Icelandic case suggests that the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) tends to underestimate corruption problems in "mature welfare states", such as Iceland, whilst the general public tends to overestimate it.

scholarly journals Issues in Conservation—Three Value Moments in the Public Perception of Cultural Heritage Objects in Public Spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. (Bill) Wei ◽  
Hanneke Heerema ◽  
Rebecca Rushfeld ◽  
Ida van der Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
General Public ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects

Cultural heritage professionals are becoming increasingly concerned about the lack of care being taken by municipalities for their cultural heritage objects which include works of art in public places. They have therefore begun to ask the public to help take care of “their” cultural heritage through so-called public participation projects. Cultural heritage professionals tacitly assume that if they “teach” the public to treasure such objects of “their” heritage, the public will become more proactive in helping to conserve them. However, research being conducted by the authors is showing that a majority of the general public often has a completely different awareness and/or feeling about cultural heritage objects in their neighborhoods than the cultural heritage professionals think they have, or think they should have. Three recent case studies carried out by the authors show that these differences are most noticeable during so-called “value moments” at the beginning and at the perceived end of an object’s life. These are the two moments when decisions are made, usually by cultural heritage professionals, to place an object in a neighborhood or have it significantly changed or removed, often to the surprise and disagreement of the residents. Between these two moments lay many moments when an object is taken for granted, grudgingly accepted, or not even noticed. Given the fact that cultural heritage professionals often make the ultimate decisions and do not always consider or outright ignore public opinion, it should not be surprising that there is an increasingly negative public perception of what they do. The results of the case studies illustrate the need for professionals to consider and accept as valid, public feelings about cultural heritage objects in their neighborhoods.

scholarly journals The Effects of Dire Messages on Belief in Global Warming: A Replication Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan G. Voelkel ◽  
Adina T Abeles ◽  
Matthew Feinberg ◽  
Robb Willer
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
General Public ◽  
Replication Study ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Just World ◽  
Highly Cited

Skepticism about global warming persists in the general public. Psychologists disagree on whether dire messages (emphasizing negative consequences) and solution-oriented messages (emphasizing negative consequences and potential solutions) increase or reduce skepticism about global warming, or whether the effects depend on recipients’ psychological dispositions. A highly cited paper in this literature (Feinberg &amp; Willer, 2011) found that dire messaging increased -- and solution-oriented messaging decreased -global warming skepticism among people with strong -- but not among those with weak -- belief in a just world. However, the validity of these influential results needs to be reassessed due to the underpowered nature of the original studies, multiple failed conceptual replications we conducted, and shifting public opinion about global warming. In the current study, we conduct a highly powered (target n = 1026 MTurkers) direct replication of Feinberg and Willer (2011).

scholarly journals PRESENTACIÓN

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Luis Perdices de Blas ◽  
Manuel Santos Redondo
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
General Public ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Academic Journals ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Artistic Works ◽  
Intellectual Climate

"Economy and Culture" has several meanings, related to each other, but different. In this monograph we refer above all to the dissemination of economic ideas through literary and artistic works: novels, movies, music, painting, journalism. Academic journals and books and professional debate are the usual field of economic science, but their dissemination not only takes place through these means. Being social sciences, and dealing with problems that interest the general public, they are often an important part of the content of literary and artistic works. The ideas that appear there, adapted to the author's intention, may be close or far from those that most academic economists write about these same issues; but in both cases they contribute significantly to shaping public opinion, something always relevant in the social sciences. They are also part of the intellectual climate in which new ideas are developed among academics, what Schumpeter called the "preanalytic cognitive act" that drives the choice of our research topics.

scholarly journals The Perceived Deservingness of COVID-19 Health Care: A Conjoint Experiment on Priority Access to Intensive Care and a Vaccine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Reeskens ◽  
Femke Roosma ◽  
Evelien Wanders
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
General Public ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Dutch Population ◽  
Conjoint Experiment ◽  
Health Experts

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, governments, supported by health experts and ethicists, released guidelines about which groups should receive priority access to both (intensive) care and vaccines as resources are limited. To achieve political legitimacy, support from the general public is important, as deservingness theory informs us that not all groups are equally perceived as deserving of assistance. Relying on a probability-based sample representative of the Dutch population (N = 1,601), participants were offered two choice-based conjoint experiments that measured what deservingness criteria matter most in respectively priority access to intensive care, and priority access to a COVID-19 vaccine. The results foremost show that noncompliance with government measures aimed at preventing the spread of the coronavirus impedes perceived deservingness. By contrast, being employed in the ‘crucial’ sector (i.e. health care and to a lesser extent education), leads to a higher perceived priority. Having an unhealthy BMI leads to less support for priority access to intensive care and vaccines. Age shows mixed patterns: public opinion would give less priority to elderly patients for intensive care. These results indicate that, control and reciprocity over need are important criteria to determine people’s deservingness of COVID-19 health care. We discuss our findings in light of ongoing ethical discussions.

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