scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Cows with Mastitis in Eastern Poland and Analysis of Susceptibility of Resistant Strains to Alternative Nonantibiotic Agents: Lysostaphin, Nisin and Polymyxin B

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr SZWEDA ◽  
Marta SCHIELMANN ◽  
Aneta FRANKOWSKA ◽  
Barbara KOT ◽  
Magdalena ZALEWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Resistant Strains

Enterotoxigenic and Antibiotic Resistance Determination of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Food Handlers in Gaborone, Botswana

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2764-2768 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL LOETO ◽  
M. I. MATSHEKA ◽  
B. A. GASHE
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Standards

The prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and enterotoxigenic potential of Staphylococcus aureus strains from different anatomical sites on food handlers in Gaborone, Botswana, were determined. Of a total of 200 food handlers tested, 115 (57.5%) were positive for S. aureus. Of the 204 S. aureus isolates, 63 (30.9%), 91 (44.6%), and 50 (24.5%) were isolated from the hand, nasal cavity, and face, respectively, and 43 (21%) of the isolates were enterotoxigenic. The most prevalent enterotoxin was type A, which accounted for 34.9% of all the enterotoxigenic strains, and enterotoxin D was produced by the fewest number of strains (9.3%). Resistance to methicillin was encountered in 33 (22.4%) of the penicillin G–resistant isolates, and 9 (27.3%) of these methicillin-resistant isolates also were resistant to vancomycin. Nineteen antibiotic resistance profiles were determined, and the nasal cavity had the highest diversity of resistance profiles. The nasal cavity also had the highest number of resistant strains, 77 (53%), whereas the hand and face had 49 (32%) and 24 (16.0%) resistant strains, respectively. To reduce the Staphylococcus carriage rate among food handlers, training coupled with a commitment to high standards of personal and environmental hygiene is recommended.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Gene Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from Healthy Edible Marine Fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Justine Fri ◽  
Henry A. Njom ◽  
Collins N. Ateba ◽  
Roland N. Ndip
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Mics ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Thirty-three (33) isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from healthy edible marine fish harvested from two aquaculture settings and the Kariega estuary, South Africa, were characterised in this study. The phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility profiles to 13 antibiotics were determined, and their antibiotic resistance determinants were assessed. A multiplex PCR was used to determine the epidemiological groups based on the type of SCCmec carriage followed by the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin-encoding genes sea-sed and the Panton Valentine leucocidin gene (pvl). A high antibiotic resistance percentage (67–81%) was observed for Erythromycin, Ampicillin, Rifampicin, and Clindamycin, while maximum susceptibility to Chloramphenicol (100%), Imipenem (100%), and Ciprofloxacin (94%) was recorded. Nineteen (58%) of the MRSA strains had Vancomycin MICs of ≤2 μg/mL, 4 (12%) with MICs ranging from 4–8 μg/mL, and 10 (30%) with values ≥16 μg/mL. Overall, 27 (82%) isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) with Erythromycin-Ampicillin-Rifampicin-Clindamycin (E-AMP-RIP-CD) found to be the dominant antibiotic-resistance phenotype observed in 4 isolates. Resistance genes such as tetM, tetA, ermB, blaZ, and femA were detected in two or more resistant strains. A total of 19 (58%) MRSA strains possessed SCCmec types I, II, or III elements, characteristic of healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), while 10 (30%) isolates displayed SCCmec type IVc, characteristic of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Six (18%) of the multidrug-resistant strains of MRSA were enterotoxigenic, harbouring the see, sea, or sec genes. A prevalence of 18% (6/33) was also recorded for the luk-PVL gene. The findings of this study showed that marine fish contained MDR-MRSA strains that harbour SCCmec types, characteristic of either HA-MRSA or CA-MRSA, but with a low prevalence of enterotoxin and pvl genes. Thus, there is a need for continuous monitoring and implementation of better control strategies within the food chain to minimise contamination of fish with MDR-MRSA and the ultimate spread of the bug.

scholarly journals BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS OF ADULTS: CAUSES AND OPHTHALMIC ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS FOR THE COMMON BACTERIAL ISOLATES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameha A. Al-Eryani ◽  
Essam Yahya A Alshamahi ◽  
Hassan A. Al-Shamahy ◽  
Ghada Hussein A Alfalahi ◽  
Abdulrahman Ahmed Al-Rafiq
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Conjunctivitis ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background: Bacterial conjunctivitis is often observed in newborns as well as in other age groups. It has been associated with several organisms that differed in their relative importance and varied in their response to ophthalmic antibiotics. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate bacterial conjunctivitis of adult patients by determine the specific bacterial causes and determine the  ophthalmic antibiotic resistance patterns for the bacterial isolates from conjunctivitis patients in Sana’a city, Yemen.  Methods: Total 521 bacterial swabs obtained from adult patients with suspected bacterial conjunctivitis introducing to the ophthalmology clinics in the tertiary hospitals in Sana’a city, Yemen between September 2016 and October 2017 were investigated for bacteriological agents and antibiotic susceptibility . The clinical samples culturing, and microbiology diagnosis were done at National Center of Public Health laboratories Sana’a (NCPHL).  Result: Total 521 swab results from conjunctiva were performed, of which 206 (39.5%) were deemed positive for bacterial culture. The isolation rate by bacteria species ranged from 0.5% to 28.2%. In Staphylococcus aureus isolates, ophthalmic antibiotic resistance varied from 10.5% for polymyxin B to 66.7% for erythromycin. In Branhamella catarrahalis isolates, ophthalmic antibiotic resistance ranged from 3.4% for levofloxacin to 69% for erythromycin. In Haemophilus influenzae isolates, ophthalmic antibiotic resistance varied from 0.0% for ciprofloxacin and polymyxin B to 42.1% for erythromycin and azithromycin. Conclusion: The most common causative organisms in adult age groups were Branhamella catarrahalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Obviously, there is no single drug that treats these various types of bacteria. Therefore, bacteriological culture and sensitivity in the laboratory to ophthalmic antibiotics should be performed as much as possible. But if laboratory facilities are not available, some generalizations can be made as guidelines for treating conjunctivitis.                     Peer Review History: Received 6 January 2021; Revised 15 February; Accepted 4 March, Available online 15 March 2021 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected] Dr. Gulam Mohammed Husain, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, India, [email protected] Dr. Mujde Eryilmaz, Ankara University,Turkey, [email protected]   Similar Articles: BACTERIAL CAUSES AND ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF EXTERNAL OCULAR INFECTIONS IN SELECTED OPHTHALMOLOGY CLINICS IN SANA’A CITY

scholarly journals Cold Atmospheric Plasma Promotes Killing of Staphylococcus aureus by Macrophages

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance Duchesne ◽  
Nadira Frescaline ◽  
Océane Blaise ◽  
Jean-Jacques Lataillade ◽  
Sébastien Banzet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cold Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Resistant Strains

Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent cause of skin and soft tissue infections. Treatment failures are increasingly common due to antibiotic resistance and the emergence of resistant strains.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Processes Driving the Rise and Fall of Staphylococcus aureus ST239, a Dominant Hybrid Pathogen

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline L. Gill ◽  
Jessica Hedge ◽  
Daniel J. Wilson ◽  
R. Craig MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Resistant Strains

The rise of antibiotic resistance in most pathogenic bacteria has been driven by the spread of a small number of epidemically successful resistant strains. However, the processes that drive the rise and fall of these “superbugs” remain poorly understood.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance is lower in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from antibiotic-free raw meat as compared to conventional raw meat

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haskell Kyler J. ◽  
Schriever Samuel R. ◽  
Fonoimoana Kenisi D. ◽  
Haws Benjamin ◽  
Hair Bryan B. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Resistance Selection ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

AbstractThe frequent use of antibiotics contributes to antibiotic resistance in bacteria, resulting in an increase in infections that are difficult to treat. Livestock are commonly administered antibiotics in their feed, but there is current interest in raising animals that are only administered antibiotics during active infections. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a common pathogen of both humans and livestock raised for human consumption. SA has achieved high levels of antibiotic resistance, but the origins and locations of resistance selection are poorly understood. We determined the prevalence of SA and MRSA in conventional and antibiotic-free (AF) meat products, and also measured rates of antibiotic resistance in these isolates. We isolated SA from raw conventional turkey, chicken, beef, and pork samples and also from AF chicken and turkey samples. We found that SA contamination was common, with an overall prevalence of 22.64% (range of 2.78-30.77%) in conventional meats and 13.0% (range of 12.5-13.2%) in AF poultry meats. MRSA was isolated from 15.72% of conventional raw meats (range of 2.78-20.41%) but not from AF-free meats. The degree of antibiotic resistance in conventional poultry products was significantly higher vs AF poultry products for a number of different antibiotics, and while multi-drug resistant strains were relatively common in conventional meats none were detected in AF meats. The use of antibiotics in livestock contributes to high levels of antibiotic resistance in SA found in meat products. Our results support the use of AF conditions for livestock in order to prevent antibiotic resistance development in SA.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Biofilm Production of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Derived from Human Specimens and Animal-Derived Samples

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vitale ◽  
Paola Galluzzo ◽  
Patrizia Giuseppina Buffa ◽  
Eleonora Carlino ◽  
Orazio Spezia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Resistant Strains

Background: The diffusion of antimicrobial resistance is a significant concern for public health worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus represents a paradigm microorganism for antibiotic resistance in that resistant strains appear within a decade after the introduction of new antibiotics. Methods: Fourteen S. aureus isolates from human specimens and twenty-one from samples of animal origin, were compared for their antimicrobial resistance and biofilm capability. In addition, they were characterized at the molecular level to detect the antimicrobial resistance mecA gene and genes related with enterotoxin, toxin, and biofilm production. Results: Both phenotypic and molecular analysis showed main differences among human- and animal-derived isolates. Among the human-derived isolates, more multidrug-resistant isolates were detected and mecA gene, enterotoxin, and toxin genes were more prevalent. Different genes involved in biofilm production were detected with bap present only in animal-derived isolates and sasC present in both isolates, however, with a higher prevalence in the human-derived isolates. Biofilm capability was higher in human-derived isolates mainly associated to the sasC gene. Conclusions: The overall results indicate that human S. aureus isolates are more virulent and resistant than the isolates of animal origin randomly selected with no infection anamnesis. This study confirms that selection for more virulent and resistant S. aureus strains is related to the clinical practice.

scholarly journals Acceleration of emergence of E. coli antibiotic resistance in a simulated sublethal concentration of copper and tetracycline co-contaminated environment

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmei Li ◽  
Irfan Ali Phulpoto ◽  
Guilong Zhang ◽  
Zhisheng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

AbstractAn environment co-contaminated with metals and antibiotics ultimately exposes bacteria to these metals and antibiotics simultaneously. This study aims to explore the efficacy of sublethal concentrations of copper ions contaminated with tetracycline regarding antibiotic resistance in a sensitive strain of E. coli K12. The study proved that a copper ions and tetracycline co-contaminated environment could considerably enhance the mutation frequencies of chloramphenicol and polymyxin B resistance in antibiotic susceptible E. coli; however, the equivalent copper ions and tetracycline alone showed weaker effects. Results also demonstrated that an environment co-contaminated with relatively high sublethal concentrations of copper ion and tetracycline co-contaminated environment could induce much higher antibiotic resistance than the low sublethal and control groups. Whole-genome characterization results indicated that variability existed within the genotype and phenotype involved in antibiotic resistance. Additionally, the evolved resistant strains displayed hereditary resistance after 5 round culture cycles in LB broth over 5 days. Results implied that co-contamination with metals and antibiotics environment could strengthen resistance and contribute to the induction and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in metal and antibiotic co-contaminated environment.

scholarly journals Acceleration of emergence of E. coli antibiotic resistance in a simulated sublethal concentration of copper and tetracycline co-contaminated environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmei Li ◽  
Irfan Ali Phulpoto ◽  
Guilong Zhang ◽  
Zhisheng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Abstract A co-contaminated environment with metals and antibiotics ultimately provides exposing of bacteria to metals and antibiotics at the same time and prevails co-contamination in the environment. This study objective, to explore the efficacy of sublethal concentrations of copper ions contaminated with tetracycline to antibiotic resistance in sensitive strain E. coli K12. We proved that copper ions and tetracycline co-contaminated environments could considerably enhance the mutation frequencies of chloramphenicol and polymyxin B resistance in antibiotic susceptible E. coli; however, the corresponding copper ions and tetracycline alone showed weaker effects. Results also demonstrated that the relatively high sublethal concentrations of copper ion and tetracycline co-contaminated environment could induce much higher antibiotic resistance compared to the low sublethal and the control groups. Whole-genome characterization results indicated the variability of genotype and phenotype involved in antibiotic resistance. In addition, the evolved resistant strains displayed hereditary resistance after 5 round culture cycles in LB broth over 5 days. Results implied that co-contamination with metals and antibiotics environment could fortify the resistance, and might further contribute to the induction and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in metal and antibiotic co-contaminated environment.

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