scholarly journals Representation of violence value in Joker Film

COMMICAST ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
Eva Rosita ◽  
Gibbran Prathisara
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
General Public ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Lower Middle Class

The Joker film aired in Indonesia on October 2, 2019. This film was widely discussed by the audience and succeeded in bringing the audience into the atmosphere of the film. This is because the problems that are taken often occur in the life of the general public. This film tells the story of Arthur aka Joker, whose life is filled with sadness, cheating, injustice as a lower middle-class citizen so that he is treated inappropriately by society and his family. Everything that happened to him resulted in the victim becoming the perpetrator of violence. Researchers are interested in analyzing the Joker film more deeply, and this is because the shows in the film contain violence that can trigger various physical and mental conditions such as aggressive behaviour, violent behaviour, bullying, fear, depression and nightmares for those who watch it. The purpose of this research is to find out how the representation of violence in the Joker film viewed from the Semiotics of Roland Barths to determine a meaning using the concepts of denotation, connotation, and myths taken from several scenes that represent the value of violence in the Joker film. The findings from the results of this study indicate that there are 16 scenes that present violence. The violence is in the form of physical violence, psychological violence, financial violence, functional violence, and rational violence. The Joker film shows that perpetrators of violence still often occur in life, even victims can become perpetrators of what happened to them. Often times people think this is normal because not everyone understands the importance of humanity and justice for others.

scholarly journals Violence against women after separation and divorce of the partners: Challenges in assessments and decisions on protection measures

Temida ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-208
Author(s):  
Tanja Ignjatovic
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The subject of this paper is violence against women in the period of separation and after the partners? divorce/separation. Leaving a violent partner can be a risk factor for the continuation or emergence of violence, the primary motive being the male partner?s desire to maintain control over his female partner. Experts May perceive pre-existing violence as a problem of an ended relationship, or consider that women raise this issue, and even play it up because they are emotionally hurt or trying to gain an advantage in court. The root of violence is misinterpreted, as a response to a stressful divorce situation, ranging from the man?s anger and deprivation due to separation, as a passing ?incident?, to mutual partner violence. The purpose of our research, which is of exploratory character, is to look at the situation and the behaviour of experts from the two services - the Welfare Center and the Court - in the context of the described problem. A qualitative approach was applied, i.e. documentation relative to 62 court cases has been analyzed, with a special focus on cases (25) in which the lawsuit for domestic violence protection measures was filed after the divorce/ separation of the partner, after the procedures of determining custody of children were completed. The analysis revealed that in nearly all the examined cases (96,8%) it was the woman who sought protection measures to be imposed. Most of the women (80,6%) had been exposed to physical violence and frequent threats, whereas all of them had suffered diverse forms of psychological violence. In nearly all of those cases (95,2%) the children had witnessed their fathers? violent behaviour towards their mothers, and were often direct victims of manipulation against their mothers; or the women had received threats involving their children. The analysis has detected two types of situations with several variations. The first type relates to situations where violence was present during the marriage, sometimes from the very beginning, and continued after the partners? separation/ divorce, while the second type relates to cases where violence was predominantly connected to the context of visitation and maintaining contact between the child and the parent who was not granted custody. It has been shown that the complexity of the phenomena and situations, coupled with the lack of clear and practical information on the process and content of assessments, pose serious challenges and responsibilities to experts. Bearing in mind that the principle of the protection of the victim?s safety is primary and guiding all expert procedures, it would be necessary to improve the understanding of the difference between conflict and violence, the impact of coercive control and abuse, including the abuse of children in this context, when assessing and deciding on protection measures and determining the visitation model between the children and the parent who was not entrusted with custody, so as to guarantee the protection and welfare of both women and children.

scholarly journals Management approach of patients with violent and aggressive behaviour in a district hospital setting in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladele V. Adeniyi ◽  
Ntandazo Puzi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Psychological Harm

Aggressive and violent behaviour is very common in the hospital setting. Simple agitation may unpredictably progress to overt aggression and violence by any patient in the emergency centres (ECs). Aggressive behaviour often manifests in forms of verbally abusive language, verbal threats and intimidating physical behaviour. Violent behaviour comprises the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against self (suicidal), or another (homicidal) or properties, group or community, that could potentially result in injuries, death, psychological harm or deprivation. Therefore, individuals with unusual agitation and aggression should be treated as an emergency in both the community and healthcare settings in order to mitigate the progression to physical violence. Whilst the incidence and prevalence of aggressive and violent behaviour are higher in individuals with an underlying mental disorder, substance use disorder or comorbid mental disorder and substance use disorder, other individuals can also present with these behaviours in the ECs. Therefore, the front-line clinicians must be knowledgeable and competent in managing patients with aggressive behaviour with a view to de-escalate the situation and preventing or curtailing violence. This paper presents an evidence-based approach for managing patients with aggressive and violent behaviour, including a review of the steps for admitting patients for assisted or involuntary care.

The American Opera Company

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine K. Preston
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
General Public ◽  
English Language ◽  
General Lack ◽  
American Opera ◽  
National Opera ◽  
Public Society

This chapter focuses on the philanthropist Jeannette Thurber, who founded the American (National) Opera Company (1885) to encourage high-caliber performances of continental operas translated into English. Her company was heavily subsidized by New York society and supported by establishment music critics. But both Thurber and her musical director Theodore Thomas misunderstood the American opera audience, and mounted serious works designed for cultural uplift, to the neglect of Italian and French operas that were popular among the general public. Society members were not interested in English-language opera because it was not sufficiently exclusive; middle-class operagoers were repelled both by the trappings of elitism and the expensive tickets. A close reinterpretation of the company’s failure reveals much about American operatic taste; it is also important in the context of this book because scholars have blamed the company’s spectacular demise on a general lack of support for English-language opera.

scholarly journals Between field and home: notes from the balcony

2021 ◽  
pp. 147447402110205
Author(s):  
Shruti Ragavan
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Liminal Space ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Village ◽  
The City

Balconies, windows and terraces have come to be identified as spaces with newfound meaning over the past year due to the Covid-19 pandemic and concomitant lockdowns. There was not only a marked increase in the use of these spaces, but more importantly a difference in the very nature of this use since March 2020. It is keeping this latter point in mind, that I make an attempt to understand the spatial mobilities afforded by the balcony in the area of ethnographic research. The street overlooking my balcony, situated amidst an urban village in the city of Delhi – one of my field sites, is composed of middle and lower-middle class residents, dairy farms and farmers, bovines and other nonhumans. In this note, through ethnographic observations, I reflect upon the balcony as constituting that liminal space between ‘field’ and ‘home’, as well as, as a spatial framing device which conditions and affects our observations and interactions. This is explored by examining two elements – the gendered nature of the space, and the notion of ‘distance and proximity’, through personal narratives of engaging-with the field, and subjects-objects of study in the city.

scholarly journals Posttraumatic stress disorder among adolescents in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joviana Quintes Avanci ◽  
Fernanda Serpeloni ◽  
Thiago Pires de Oliveira ◽  
Simone Gonçalves de Assis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Psychological Violence

Abstract Background The frequency of trauma and different types of violence exposure in urban areas and their effects on the mental health of adolescents in developing countries are poorly investigated. Most information about traumatized young people comes from war scenarios or disasters. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PTSD in trauma-exposed students in a low-resource city of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The effects of sociodemographic and individual and family factors in the development of PTSD were also investigated. Methods Through multi-stage cluster sampling, 862 adolescents (Mage = 15 years old, 65% female) from public and private schools in the city of São Gonçalo were selected for the study. Self-rating structured questionnaires were applied to assess sociodemographic profile, exposure to physical and psychological violence (family, school, community), sexual abuse, social support, social functional impairment, resilience, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The data were grouped in blocks regarding sociodemographic, individual, family, and community variables. For statistical analysis, chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression were performed. Results The PTSD prevalence was 7.8% among adolescents. Boys were exposed to significantly higher number of events of community violence, while girls to family violence. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for PTSD were statistically significant for age (OR, 1.45, [95% CI, 1.043–2.007]), social functional impairment (OR, 4.82, [95% CI, 1.77–13.10]), severe maternal physical violence (OR, 2.79, [95% CI, 0.79–9.93]), psychological violence by significant people (OR, 3.96, [95% CI, 1.89–8.31]) and a high number of episodes of community violence (OR, 3.52, [95% CI, 1.47–8.40). Conclusions There was a high prevalence of PTSD within this population associated with exposure to violence. Not only physical, but also psychological violence contributed to PTSD. The results also raise awareness to the differences in life trajectories between boys and girls regarding violence. These differences need to be better understood in order to enable the development of effective preventative interventions. Treating and preventing mental health disorders presents a challenge for countries, especially those with a lower degree of social and economic development and high community violence.

scholarly journals Exploring the experience of intimate partner violence in the LGBT community

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Papadakaki ◽  
F Zioti ◽  
Z N Karadimitriou ◽  
M Papadopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Childhood Victimization ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
Lgbt Community ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Abstract Background The study aimed at measuring the prevalence and identifying the risk factors of intimate partner violence in individuals from the LGBT community. Methods A total of 180 individuals participated in the study, both male and female, aged 18-60 years, living in the broader area of Athens, Greece. Snowball sampling was applied to identify eligible individuals and social media were employed to recruit them. The questionnaire explored the violence victimization and perpetration in their relationships, the preferred reaction to various forms of violence and the role of childhood victimization in adulthood experiences of violence. Results 72.8% were homosexual, 26.7% bisexual, 81.7 % were women with a mean age of 25.2 years (6.0 standard deviation). A total of 67.2% were subjected to verbal abuse before the age of 16, 49.4% to physical violence, 6.7% to sexual violence and 46.7% were neglected. The prevalence of violence victimization was higher than the prevalence of violence perpetration (mean 9.81 and 5.92 respectively). Psychological violence was the most common among other forms of violence, both in victimization (psychological 7.34, physical 1.66, sexual 0.81) and perpetration (psychological 4.48, physical 1.26, sexual 0.18). In hypothetical scenarios of psychological violence, the majority of participants preferred separation and discussion about boundaries as strategies to deal with the situation (56.1 and 45.0 respectively), in scenarios of physical violence they primarily preferred separation and secondarily asking a professional advice (73.3 and 20.6, respectively) and in sexual violence they primarily preferred a discussion about boundaries and secondarily separation (69.4% and 31.7% respectively). Experiences of childhood victimization (p=.006), and female gender (p=.002), were found to be associated at a statistically significant level with violent victimization in adulthood. Conclusions Further research is necessary to identify groups at risk of victimization. Key messages Preventive efforts need to take into account individual sociodemographic and attitudinal characteristics that increase the risk of victimization. Experiences of victimization during childhood are highly associated with victimization in adulthood.

The identification of multi-hazard situations in elementary school

2021 ◽  
pp. 136548022199669
Author(s):  
Evi Widowati ◽  
Wahyudi Istiono ◽  
Adi Heru Sutomo
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

This study aimed to identify various hazard risks which are related to children in schools. This study used a quantitative descriptive design. The sampling technique used was four stage stratified random sampling, with 329 elementary schools as the sample. The results identified various dangerous situations which are related to children and schools ranging from infectious diseases, natural disasters, violence against children and the dangers due to the absence of adequate safety at school. Dangers from natural disasters which could be identified were earthquake, volcano, flood, hurricane landslide, and drought as well as potential biological hazards such as contagion and caterpillar outbreak. Additionally, the dangers related to violence against children were fighting, extortion, physical violence, psychological violence, sexual violence, bullying, and stealing. Related to safety aspects at schools, there were dangerous situations caused by the activities of the children themselves which caused injuries, or other technical causes, such as fire, falling buildings/falling trees, food poisoning, and infectious diseases.

The Neural Basis of Aggression and its Treatment by Psychosurgery

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Kiloh ◽  
J. S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Depth Electrodes

The limbic system and its connections provide the neural basis for aggressive behaviour. Violent individuals may differ quantitively or qualitively from normal. Many of the latter suffer from epilepsy. In some the epileptiform discharges from the amygdala can only be recorded using depth electrodes. It can be taken that the control of abnormal degrees of violent behaviour is now possible. Should such operations be used? If so who should have them? What precautions need to be taken that such operations are not abused? How can informed consent be obtained? The development of new surgical techniques make these questions pertinent if not urgent.

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