scholarly journals Estimating Insemination Time in Mares on the Basis of the Urinary Concentration of Estrone-Sulphate.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby Mojica SILVA ◽  
Yui TAKEYAMA ◽  
Tomas Javier ACOSTA AYALA ◽  
Missaka Priyadarsana Bandara WIJAYAGUNAWARDANE ◽  
Ana Yimiko KOJIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Estrone Sulphate

A COMPARISON OF PLASMA 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID LEVELS WITH THE URINARY EXCRETION OF 17-KETOGENIC STEROIDS AND 17-KETOSTEROIDS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (IV) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Lingjoerde ◽  
Knut Kirkeby ◽  
Gunnar Hangård
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Cortical Response ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Chronic Polyarthritis ◽  
Intramuscular Injections ◽  
Long Acting

ABSTRACT Plasma 17-OHCS and urinary excretion of 17-KGS and 17-KS have been compared in 24 patients with chronic polyarthritis, who had been treated for years with corticosteroids. All medication was discontinued 3 days before this investigation. To test the adrenal cortical response the patients were given intramuscular injections of 40 IU of a long-acting ACTH preparation twice daily on 6 consecutive days. Plasma 17-OHCS were determined at 8 a. m. before the first ACTH injection and 3 hours after the injection on the first and sixth treatment days. The urinary concentration of 17-KGS and 17-KS were measured in 24 hour samples on the control day, and on the first and sixth days of treatment. The results show a greater variation in the 17-KS groups than in the 17-KGS and 17-OHCS groups, the smallest variation being in the 17-OHCS groups. There is a significant increase in all values after the first ACTH injection and a further significant increase after the sixth injection, but the t-values are much larger in the 17-OHCS groups than in the 17-KS groups, while the 17-KGS groups occupy an intermediate position. The plasma 17-OHCS values correlate better with the urinary 17-KGS than with the 17-KS. The correlation between 17-OHCS and 17-KGS is not very good (P > 0.05). There is a negative correlation between 17-OHCS and 17-KS control values, and the correlation after ACTH is very poor. 17-KGS correlate well with 17-KS (P < 0.01).

scholarly journals Urinary Cytokines Reflect Renal Inflammation in Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: A Multiplex Bead-Based Assay Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2986
Author(s):  
Laura Martinez Valenzuela ◽  
Juliana Draibe ◽  
Oriol Bestard ◽  
Xavier Fulladosa ◽  
Francisco Gómez-Preciado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Blood Eosinophil ◽  
Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis ◽  
Luminex Assay ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
Histological Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Multiplex Bead

Background: Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) diagnosis lays on histological assessment through a kidney biopsy, given the absence of accurate non-invasive biomarkers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of different urinary inflammation-related cytokines for the diagnostic of ATIN and its distinction from acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Methods: We included 33 patients (ATIN (n = 21), ATN (n = 12)), and 6 healthy controls (HC). We determined the urinary levels of 10 inflammation-related cytokines using a multiplex bead-based Luminex assay at the time of biopsy and after therapy, and registered main clinical, analytical and histological data. Results: At the time of biopsy, urinary levels of I-TAC/CXCL11, CXCL10, IL-6, TNFα and MCP-1 were significantly higher in ATIN compared to HC. A positive correlation between the extent of the tubulointerstitial cellular infiltrates in kidney biopsies and the urinary concentration of I-TAC/CXCL11, MIG/CXCL9, CXCL10, IL17, IFNα, MCP1 and EGF was observed. Notably, I-TAC/CXCL11, IL-6 and MCP-1 were significantly higher in ATIN than in ATN, with I-TAC/CXCL11 as the best discriminative classifier AUC (0.77, 95% CI 0.57–0.95, p = 0.02). A combinatory model of these three urinary cytokines increased the accuracy in the distinction of ATIN/ATN compared to the individual biomarkers. The best model resulted when combining the three cytokines with blood eosinophil and urinary leukocyte counts (LR = 9.76). Follow-up samples from 11ATIN patients showed a significant decrease in I-TAC/CXCL11, MIG/CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels. Conclusions: Urinary I-TAC/CXCL11, CXCL10, IL6 and MCP-1 levels accurately distinguish patients developing ATIN from ATN and healthy individuals and may serve as novel non-invasive biomarkers in this disease.

scholarly journals Urinary Paraben Concentration and Its Association with Serum Triglyceride Concentration in 2013-2014 NHANES Participants: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Pazos ◽  
Cristina Palacios ◽  
Adriana Campa
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Serum Triglyceride Concentration ◽  
Hispanic White

Background. Alkyl esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid, colloquially known as parabens, are types of preservatives found in multiple foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products to which Americans are exposed daily. It is unclear if parabens exhibit endocrine-disrupting properties. Parabens may interact with triglycerides in adipose tissue and impact lipid metabolism. Objective. To evaluate the association between urinary paraben concentrations and serum triglyceride concentrations. Design. A cross-sectional study. Setting. The Mobile Examination Centers affiliated with 2013-2014 NHANES. Participant(s). 827 adults (20 years or older) affiliated with the 2013-2014 NHANES. Intervention(s). None. Main Outcome Measure(s). Triglyceride levels were associated with urinary paraben concentrations (methyl, ethyl, and propyl) using a hierarchical multiple regression, adjusting for ethnicity/race, gender, BMI, and age. Unadjusted results are also reported. Results. The geometric mean of the urinary concentration of methylparaben, ethylparaben, and propylparaben was 57.100, 2.537, and 6.537 ng/ml, respectively. Triglyceride concentrations were inversely associated with methylparaben (β = −0.092, P=0.07), ethylparaben (β = −0.066, P=0.045), and propylparaben (β = −0.076, P=0.025). Being female, non-Hispanic White, and non-Hispanic Black were associated with decreasing triglyceride levels in the presence of methylparaben, ethylparaben, and propylparaben, and age, BMI, and being male were associated with increasing circulating triglycerides. Conclusion. Despite the potential detrimental effects of parabens on triglycerides, our results suggest that urinary excretions of methylparaben, ethylparaben, and propylparaben are associated with lower concentrations of circulating triglycerides in certain populations. Further research is needed to confirm the mechanisms and health impact of this relationship.

Downregulation of the vasopressin type 2 receptor after vasopressin-induced internalization: involvement of a lysosomal degradation pathway

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (6) ◽  
pp. C1390-C1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bouley ◽  
Herbert Y. Lin ◽  
Malay K. Raychowdhury ◽  
Vladimir Marshansky ◽  
Dennis Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Golgi Network

Vasopressin (VP) increases urinary concentration by signaling through the vasopressin receptor (V2R) in collecting duct principal cells. After downregulation, V2R reappears at the cell surface via an unusually slow (several hours) “recycling” pathway. To examine this pathway, we expressed V2R-green fluorescent protein (GFP) in LLC-PK1a cells. V2R-GFP showed characteristics similar to those of wild-type V2R, including high affinity for VP and adenylyl cyclase stimulation. V2R-GFP was located mainly in the plasma membrane in unstimulated cells, but it colocalized with the lysosomal marker Lysotracker after VP-induced internalization. Western blot analysis of V2R-GFP showed a broad 57- to 68-kDa band and a doublet at 46 and 52 kDa before VP treatment. After 4-h VP exposure, the 57- to 68-kDa band lost 50% of its intensity, whereas the lower 46-kDa band increased by 200%. The lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine abolished this VP effect, whereas lactacystin, a proteasome inhibitor, had no effect. Incubating cells at 20°C to block trafficking from the trans-Golgi network reduced V2R membrane fluorescence, and a perinuclear patch developed. Cycloheximide reduced the intensity of this patch, showing that newly synthesized V2R-GFP contributed significantly to its appearance. Cycloheximide also inhibited the reappearance of cell surface V2R after downregulation. We conclude that after downregulation, V2R-GFP is delivered to lysosomes and degraded. Reappearance of V2R at the cell surface depends on new protein synthesis, partially explaining the long time lag needed to fully reestablish V2R at the cell surface after downregulation. This degradative pathway may be an adaptive response to allow receptor-ligand association in the hypertonic and acidic environment of the renal medulla.

Evaluation of Renal Function During Childhood

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Bassam A. Atiyeh ◽  
Shermine S. Dabbagh ◽  
Alan B. Gruskin
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Urea Clearance ◽  
Schwartz Formula ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Plasma Creatinine Concentration

There are several methods to evaluate renal function during childhood. The use of serum creatinine, either alone or in combination with the Schwartz formula, is reliable and quick, but requires knowledge of conceptual age. A plasma creatinine concentration of 88.4 µmol/L (1.0 mg/dL), for example, represents normal renal function in an adolescent but more than 50% loss of renal function in a 5-year-old child. A timed urine collection for creatinine clearance is another evaluative method, but the adequacy of the urine collection always should be determined first. Urea clearance rarely is used to measure GFR because of the complex factors that influence urea excreation. Measurement of the disappearance of radioactive-labeled substances in plasma can be used to determine GFR. Radionuclide renal scans also can be used and offer the advantage of estimating the GFR of each kidney. Although infants and newborns have an intact urine diluting ability, their concentrating ability is impaired. The maximal urinary concentration in the neonatal period is less than 700 mOsm/kg, but reaches adult values of 1200 mOsm/kg by 6 to 12 months of life. Similarly, the infant kidney has a limited capacity for salt regulation, predisposing the infant to salt disturbances.

PATHOGENESIS OF HYPOSTHENURIA IN PERSONS WITH SICKLE CELL ANEMIA OR THE SICKLE CELL TRAIT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
L. Schlitt ◽  
H. G. Keitel
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Renal Vessels

Hyposthenuria was investigated in subjects with sickle cell trait and in patients with sickle cell anemia. The following were observed: 1) in subjects with sickle cell trait both normal and reduced maxima of urinary concentration are found, whereas all untreated patients with sickle cell anemia over 6 months of age have hyposthenuria; 2) hyposthenuria becomes increasingly more severe with advancing age in both sickle cell anemia and sickle cell trait; 3) in a 6-month-old patient with sickle cell anemia and hyposthenuria, the maxima of urinary concentration returned to normal after two transfusions of normal erythrocytes. Reasons are presented for favoring the hypothesis that hyposthenuria in sickle cell disease is due to renal damage, possibly from intravascular sickling of erythrocytes in renal vessels or from the presence of "free" circulating S-hemoglobin.

In Reply: Pathogenesis of Hyposthenuria in Sickle Cell Anemia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1051-1052
Author(s):  
Hans G. Keitel
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Urea Excretion ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Concentration Of Urine

In reply to the question raised by Dr. Morgan, it is now well established that urea plays an important part in the concentration of urine. Starting at a very low level of urea excretion, the urinary concentration maxima (as obtained during prolonged fluid deprivation, or following sustained vasopressin stimulation) is less than normal. When the rate of urea excretion is increased to the normal level, the maximal urinary concentration ability increases, but when the rate of urea excreted increases markedly, the urinary concentration maxima once again decreases.

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