scholarly journals Quantitative Vulnerability Assessment: An Approach to Reduce Biases in Disaster Vulnerability Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-399
Author(s):  
Shikha Karmokar ◽  
Md. Mintu Mohin ◽  
Molla Karimul Islam ◽  
Md. Rezaul Alam ◽  
Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Disaster Vulnerability ◽  
Quantitative Form ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Agreed Framework ◽  
Vulnerability Score

The cyclone vulnerability of women is much higher than men due to their poverty, social norms and marginal position in the social structure. Reducing women’s vulnerability is, therefore, imperative to improve the situation. However, the present practices of vulnerability assessment have several limitations. As an alternative, this study proposed and tested a weighted framework to assess the vulnerability in a quantitative form. The proposed framework considers 18 indicators carefully adapted from vulnerability literature. The indicator statuses were defined based on their vulnerability potentials and assigned an integer value. The higher the status value the greater the vulnerability potentials. The indicator’s status values were standardized, and their weights were estimated. The vulnerability scores for every indicator thereafter estimated by multiplying its status value by its weight. Finally, an individual’s vulnerability score was calculated by taking the average vulnerability scores of all the indicators. The framework was tested on 140 randomly selected cyclone-affected women from ten coastal villages of Bangladesh. The proposed scores-based vulnerability expresses the vulnerability status with an integer value easier to understand and allows spatial comparability. This framework could be improved further preferably through stakeholder consultations about the appropriateness of the indicators, indicator statuses, and their weights. An improved and well-agreed framework would assist in integrative policy formulation to reduce women’s vulnerability to cyclone disaster. Moreover, this approach could be adopted in vulnerability ranking/mapping for other disasters.

Dynamics of the social structure of the Russian middle class

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Алексеенок ◽  
Anna Alekseenok ◽  
Гальцова ◽  
Anna Galtsova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The article presents a study of the dynamics of the social structure of the Russian middle class. It examines the dynamics of a number of different social groups in Russia in 2003-2014, «blocking» signs for the population which is not a member of the middle class, 2003-2014, self-assessment of the dynamics of 2014 and the possible dynamics for the next year of the financial position in the last year prior the survey in the different groups of the population. Also the analysis of dynamics of value orientations of different population groups, social identity, of the ways and the main types of leisure in the middle class is held. The article compares the model of Russian social structure, built on the basis of social self-assessment of the status of the Russian people in 2014 and 2000.

scholarly journals Yos Sebagai Pengintegrasian Masyarakat Desa Pedawa

HUMANIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Arik Febriani ◽  
I Wayan Suwena ◽  
Aliffiati .
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Village Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Village Communities

Pedawa Village community, Banjar sub-district, Buleleng Regency has two kawitan namely kulit and kawitan lokal. Kawitan kulit that found in Pedawa Village is the general kawitan in Bali, meanwhile kawitan local of the Pedawa Village community refers to Yos which must be owned by all Pedawa Village communities. The Yos has a highly glorified God and the god closest to the community because the God is believed to be a protective deity, with the existence of the Yos the formation of social class in society. This reserach aimed to know the status and role of community members based on Yos, and to reveal the implications of Yos for the social structure of the Pedawa Village community. The results of the study revealed that there were 14 types of Yos. From several types of Yos, there are several members of community who have the status and role in a ceremony namely as Balian Desa, Premas, Headman, Janbangul, Pedewasan, and Sekaa Gong. Yos also has important implications and meanings toward the Pedawa Village community. The implications of Yos on aspects of the pedawa Village community belief system, besides the implications there are also meanings of Yos covering religious meaning, social meaning and cultural meaning.

Becoming a Merchant Adventurer

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-69
Author(s):  
Thomas Leng
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status

This chapter addresses recruitment to the Company of Merchant Adventurers, focusing on the institution of apprenticeship. As well as being the most common means to join the Company, apprenticeship was used to manage overseas trade, with apprentices commonly deployed as agents overseas. The chapter introduces the social settings of Company trade overseas—the mart towns—and their place in the merchant life-cycle. It considers the opportunities and challenges facing aspiring Merchant Adventurers in the mart towns as they sought to assume the status of independent merchant in their own households. It also identifies significant changes in the social structure of the mart towns, associated with rising numbers of long-term residents, which had the potential to divide the Company’s different residences in England and overseas.

Sociology of generation’s social structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
NATALIA KOVALISKO ◽  
SERHII MAKEIEV
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
The Social ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Status Mobility ◽  
The Status ◽  
Primary Socialization

In sociology, the concept of “generation” is usually applied to a wide variety of social categories. This is a cohort of peers, and a cohort of several years of birth — as in studies of social mobility, as well as a community of those who share acceptable values, simultaneously experienced significant events, is a bearer of similar experiences and memories. Theoretical reflection in modern literature continues to excite the fundamental essay of K. Mannheim “The Problem of Generations”. The cognitive intuitions it contains have a priority status, but the published reviews state that the empirical potential of the concept outlined there is minimal, and new times require new approaches to analyzing the role of generations in the intensification of social dynamics and the movement of history. Sociology of the social structure of a generation is mainly a way of observing, fixing and describing the transformations of the morphological structure of a community. The heterogeneity of the age cohort is prescribed by origin from different types of families and birth in a particular region and type of settlement. In the course of primary socialization, general patterns of worldview and worldview are formed, an attitude to the past, present and future on the basis of internalized values, standards and norms of behavior. The degree of stratification of life chances and opportunities given by birth is subsequently corrected or fixed by institutions of secondary and higher education, which is monitored in studies of professional and status mobility. Events are capable of elevating an age cohort to the status of a generation, constructing an identity (“we,” shared ways of feeling, thinking, acting) and, almost synchronously, differentiating peers, establishing differences and distances.

An Old and Distinguished Family

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-29
Author(s):  
Eric Van Young
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Biographical Study ◽  
Intra Family

This chapter begins by introducing Alamán’s unpublished fragment of a personal memoir (1834), a key document in this biographical study. The social structure of the Guanajuato of his childhood is described. His family history in Spain and France going back to the15th century is traced, including the nobility on his mother’s side going back to her great-grandfather, a silver baron. In an elegiac tone the memoir recalls the titled silver aristocracy of Alamán’s youth and the fading of the family fortune over several generations, evoking the status loss that drove so many of his actions as an entrepreneur and public figure. The career of his father, who arrived in Mexico and married a wealthy young widow, is narrated, and the intra-family struggles over inheritance that followed his death.

Honored Citizens and the Creation of a Middle Class in Imperial Russia

Slavic Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-349
Author(s):  
Alison K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Historical View ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Estate Law ◽  
Imperial State

In 1832, an imperial manifesto established a new social estate (soslovie) of “honored citizens.” The new status was granted to successful merchants, professionals, and artists, and gave them permanent (and sometimes inherited) privilege. Honored citizens have been largely forgotten or discounted, both by literary authors of the nineteenth century and by historians. They were, however, a conscious effort on the part of the imperial state to create a middle class in the context of an estate-based social structure, an effort that followed several decades of previous experimentation and discussion. Thousands of subjects of the Russian Empire took on the new status, to the point that by 1897 honored citizens outnumbered merchants. They understood themselves as having an honorable place in the social structure, and were understood as a sign of the status of Russian towns. Honored citizen status gave a certain amount of stability to the new middle class, although not every honored citizen prospered. As a social estate, honored citizens were unique, for they were not unified in opportunity, and because they did not have a collective association—they were individuals in the law. They were, as a result, present and important but paradoxical: while defined by estate law, they were closer to individual subjects or even citizens than almost anyone else in imperial society. In addition, their lack of a collective voice muted their radical potential, masking them from contemporary and historical view.

scholarly journals El análisis de las tesis doctorales como indicador evaluativo: reflexiones y propuestas

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaristo Jiménez-Contreras ◽  
Rafael Ruiz-Pérez ◽  
Emilio Delgado López-Cózar
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scientific Networks

Se reflexiona sobre el significado de las tesis doctorales desde el punto de vista de sus posibilidades como fuente e indicador para analizar la investigación, sobre como su estudio puede ser empleado para conocer el estado de la investigación, hasta donde es posible y qué indicadores se están utilizando o se pueden proponer para cuantificarla. Dicho análisis presenta varias facetas: como indicador de las tendencias en la investigación; como indicador de la capacidad y potencial para educar a investigadores; como medio para identificar la producción y difusión de resultados de investigación de alto nivel; y finalmente como instrumento para conocer la estructura social de la universidad (genealogías, redes científicas, sistemas de poder). This paper presents a number of reflections on the extent to which doctoral theses may be considered research indicators, what theses can tell us about the status of research, and which indicators are being used or may be used. The analysis in this paper covers various points: theses as an indicator of trends in research; as an indicator of the potential to train researchers; as a means to identify the production and dissemination of high standard research results; and finally, as an instrument to learn about the social structure in tertiary teaching (genealogies, scientific networks, power systems).

scholarly journals A scoping review of public hospitals autonomy in Iran: from budgetary hospitals to corporate hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahim Sohrabi ◽  
Sogand Tourani ◽  
Mehdi Jafari ◽  
Hossein Joudaki ◽  
Leila Doshmangir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Organizational Reform ◽  
Security Research ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Effective Dimensions

Abstract Background Organizational reforms of hospitals in Iran are mainly aimed at improving efficiency, reducing government spending on health care, and improving the quality of services. These reforms began with hospital autonomization and have continued with other initiatives such as formation of board of trustees, independent and corporatized hospitals. Objective The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize and compare the results of studies conducted on organizational reform of hospitals in Iran to paint a more clear picture of the status quo by identifying knowledge gaps, inform policymakers, and guide future studies and policies. Method This review’s methodology was inspired by Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework to examine the extent, range, and nature of research activity about organizational hospital reforms in Iran. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for English papers as well as SID, IranDoc, Magiran, and the Social Security Research Institute Database for Persian papers from 1991 to April 2020. Results Twenty studies were included in the review. Studies were grouped by the types of organizational reform, study’s objective, setting, methodology, data collection and analysis techniques, and key findings. Thematic construction was used based on the types of organizational reform to present a narrative account of existing literature. Conclusions The autonomy granted to the hospitals was unbalanced and paradoxical in terms of key effective dimensions. Poor governance and regulatory arrangements, low commitment to corporate governance, Inappropriate board composition, weak internal controls, unsustainable financing and inefficient payment mechanisms, poor interaction with stakeholders and ignoring contextual factors have been cited as the main reasons for the failure of organizational reforms in Iran. The limited use of evidence and research was obvious at different stages of policymaking, especially in the policy formulation phase and evaluation of its results.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF DEVELOPING THE CONCEPT OF «LARGE SOCIAL GROUPS». PART 2: FROM THE PERIOD OF LATENT DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY TO THE END OF THE SOVIET PERIOD

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-126
Author(s):  
Ю.В. Ковалева
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status

Представлено продолжение историографического и психолого-исторического анализа научных представлений о больших социальных группах в соответствии с этапами развития социальной психологии и статуса таких групп в различные исторические периоды жизни страны. Начало этого анализа представлено в публикации (Ковалева, 2020), в которой была реализована первая задача исследования по определению исторических рамок, в которые понятие «большие социальные группы» получило свое развитие. Также было показано решение второй задачи, а именно была дана характеристика общественно-политическим условиям и уровню гуманитарного знания для двух первых из выделенных периодов - становления социально-психологического направления исследований в России (вторая половина ХIХ - начало ХХ вв.) и развития социальной психологии в 1920-е и до середины 1930-х гг. Продолжение статьи посвящено решению второй задачи для трех последующих периодов - латентного этапа в становлении социальной психологии (середина 1930-х - 1950-е гг.), возрождения отечественной социальной психологии (1960-е - середина 1970-х гг.) и оформления современной отечественной социальной психологии в систему научного знания (середина 1970-х - 1980-е гг.). Описаны масштабные события, приводившие к значительным и очень разнородным трансформациям общественной структуры в изучаемые годы, приведены редко публикуемые данные о социальной динамике в стране в годы Великой Отечественной войны, а также об усложнении социальной структуры и общественных настроений после Победы. В связи с этим отмечаются упущенные возможности по социально-психологическому исследованию больших социальных групп, но одновременно подчеркивается высокий прогресс в накоплении теоретического и эмпирического материала после восстановления социальной психологии как научной отрасли. The continuation of historiographic and historical-psychological analysis of scientific ideas about large social groups in accordance with the stages of development of social psychology and the status of such groups in various historical periods of the country's life was presented. The beginning of this analysis is presented in a publication (Kovaleva, 2020), in which the first task of the study was realized to determine the historical framework in which the concept of «large social groups» was developed. The solution of the second problem was also shown, namely, the characterization of socio-political conditions and the level of humanitarian knowledge was given for the first two of the selected periods - the formation of the socio-psychological direction of research in Russia (second half of the XIX - beginning of the XX centuries) and the development of social psychology in the 1920s. The continuation of the article was devoted to solving the second problem for three subsequent periods - the latent stage in the formation of social psychology (1930-50s), the revival of domestic social psychology (1960s) and the design of modern domestic social psychology into the system of scientific knowledge (1970-80s). Large-scale events leading to significant and very heterogeneous transformations of the social structure in the studied years are described, rarely published data on the social dynamics in the country during the Great Patriotic War, as well as on the complication of the social structure and public sentiments after the Victory. In this regard, there are lost opportunities for socio-psychological research of large social groups, but at the same time high progress in the accumulation of theoretical and empirical material after the restoration of this scientific industry is emphasized.

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