Bacteriological and Mineral contents of Water Samples from Roadside Hand-Dug Well in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Odeyemi ◽  
A. A. Adebayo ◽  
O. M. Adeosun ◽  
S. S. Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Dug Well

scholarly journals Mining and Metal Pollution: Assessment of Water Quality in the Tarkwa Mining Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
A. Ewusi ◽  
B. Y. Apeani ◽  
I. Ahenkorah ◽  
R. S. Nartey
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hydrochemical Modelling ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Dug Well

The quality of water in mining communities is uncertain since metals associated with acid mine drainage are known to saturate these waters. Previous studies in Tarkwa, an area noted for gold and manganese extraction, have reported large concentrations of aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese and mercury in water samples. This research aimed at investigating the chemistry of groundwater with special focus on the contamination status of trace elements. It also compared levels of metal concentration with those that were determined in previous research works, to identify changes that might have occurred. Thirty-eight water samples from boreholes, hand-dug wells and streams, within the Tarkwa area were obtained and analysed. Results show that 90 % of water in the area is acidic and Eh was determined to be positive, depicting oxidizing conditions. Mean groundwater temperature was 28.9 ºC. Thirty-two samples had either temperature or pH values falling outside the range recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Thirty samples had at least one metal concentration exceeding the WHO guideline values. Among the list of elements that exceeded the guideline, arsenic, manganese, nitrate, nitrite and iron were the most predominant. The dominant ions in the samples were sodium and bicarbonate. High concentrations of Fe and SO42- in some parts of the study area point to the influence of acid mine drainage (AMD). Comparisons of results of metal concentrations with findings from previous research in the area showed a reduction in concentration. Hydrochemical modelling with PhreeqC attributed this reduction to sorption processes. Comparison of levels of metal concentration in the different water supply facilities (borehole, hand-dug well and stream) showed no significant variations. Keywords: Water Quality, Drinking Water, Hydrochemical Modelling, Heavy Metals

scholarly journals Assessing Qualities of Different Sources of Water for Mixing Concrete

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. Yalley ◽  
Kennedy Appiadu-Boakye ◽  
Wisdom D. Adzraku
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Chemical Impurities ◽  
Concrete Properties ◽  
Dug Well ◽  
Different Sources

This study investigates the effects of water sources on concrete properties. A mix ratio of 1:1.5:3 with 0.5w/c was used in mixing the concrete.  Water from the Stream, the hand-dug well and the borehole were used for the experiments with pipe borne water serving as the control. Cubes and beams were cast and tested for compression and flexural strengths respectively at 7-day and 28-day curing ages. Chemical and physical properties of the water samples were also tested. The results indicate that the chemical impurities of all the water types were within the limits given in GS 175-1:2009, EN 1008, ASTM C94 and AS 1379. The physical specifications were all satisfactory, except for the stream water. The water sources had no significant effect on the workability of concrete. Effects of efflorescence were not observed on hardened concrete specimens obtained from any of the water sources. Concrete Specimens mixed with water from the hand-dug well had the highest compressive strength.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment Of Dug Well Water And Its Adjoining Buriganga River Reach In The Old Dhaka Of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Shovon Barua ◽  
M Saiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Well Water ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Dug Well ◽  
Buriganga River ◽  
Concentration Levels

Thirty six dug well water samples from different houses along three transects and four Buriganga river water samples from four different Ghats (boat terminals) of the Old Dhaka of Bangladesh were collected during dry and wet periods for water quality assessment. The depth of these dug wells varies from 3.4 to 16 m with an average depth of 10 m with diurnal variations. The hydrochemical classification shows that the dug well and Buriganga river water samples are Ca-HC03 type. More than 50% dug well water samples were contaminated as concentration levels of Ca, K and Fe in both periods were high whereas over 25% Buriganga river water samples were tainted as concentration levels of Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn in dry season exceeded the drinking water quality standard limits of World Health Organization (WHO), Department of Environment (DOE) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). If the dug well water is protected from contamination, the shallow groundwater in this part of Dhaka city should be an alternative perennial source of water especially during the dry season when water scarcity looms large Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(2): 207-218, December 2014

scholarly journals Quality and Safety of Rural Community Drinking Water Sources in Guto Gida District, Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Motuma Tessema Abegaz ◽  
Mulissa Jida Midekssa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Dug Well

The quality of drinking water has always been a major public health concern, especially in developing countries where access to improved water supply and sanitation is very low. This study aimed to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical quality of rural community drinking water sources in the Guto Gida district. A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected rural areas of the district from January to June 2016. Water samples were collected from four types of sources (protected dug well, open dug well, protected spring, and open spring) found in 8 locations of the study area. The membrane filtration technique was employed to determine the total coliform and faecal coliform load of the samples. The physicochemical characteristics such as total dissolved solid (TDS), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, temperature, color, iron, manganese, lead, fluoride, zinc, sulphate, nitrate, and phosphate were analyzed following the American Public Health Association and WHO standard protocols. Our results revealed that 90.6% and 87.5% of water samples were positive for total coliform and faecal coliform, respectively. Thus, the majority of the studied water sources could be classified as polluted with respect to coliform load. Our results also have shown that most of the water sources showed marginally tolerable quality with respect to color, EC, TDS, turbidity, nitrate, sulphate, and phosphate. However, the protected sources had poor quality in zinc, lead, iron, manganese, and pH with values above the permissible levels. Thus, the drinking water source quality of the study areas requires appropriate interventions such as improving the existing water source infrastructure and access to sanitation services.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality Analysis in Nusakambangan Groundwater Basin/Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 04024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Triadi Putranto ◽  
Adrian Hanenda Qadarisman ◽  
Narulita Santi ◽  
Najib Najib
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
Groundwater Basin ◽  
Dug Well

Nusakambangan groundwater basin is located in Nusakambangan Island, Cilacap Regency. Sea and swamp-bound the research area and there is no deep well, and the only one dug well available. This condition encourages the community to collect water from a pool of karst cave which unproven water quality. The study purpose is to determine the water feasibility at interest point as drinking water. The methods were hydrogeological field campaign by collecting 33 water sampling from pools and one sample from dug well to analyse physical and chemical properties as well as calculating the Water Quality Index (WQI). The results show the physical properties of water samples are having a relatively colourless but brownish in some samples, odourless, and a salty taste. The chemical properties indicated that the pH of water samples are ranging from 6,95 to 8,06 with the electrical conductivity (EC) start from 350 to 38,800 µS/cm. Moreover, the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) have a value from 216 to 21,800 mg/L with the total hardness is around 134-5,395 mg/L. The water types are Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Na-Cl. Based on WQI analysis, there are 13 unfeasible samples for drinking water in the south-east of Klaces village, in the western of Ujunggalang village, and in the Eastern of Tambakreja village.

scholarly journals Concentrations of Magnesium, Calcium and Potassium in Drinking Water; A Comparison between Tap Water and Bore Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Wang Jing Ling ◽  
Siti Marwanis Anua ◽  
Nurzafirah Mazlan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
The Difference

Minerals content in drinking water are essential for human health. Hence, this cross sectional study aims to determine the concentration of minerals in tap water and bore water consumed among staffs and students of School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus. Utilising convenience sampling method, 32 respondents were recruited into this study who agreed for home visit and completed the questionnaires. Based on availability of water samples at home (raw, boiled and filtered), 22 tap water and 10 bore water were collected into 200 ml sampling bottle, in triplicate. Concentration of minerals (magnesium, calcium and potassium) in water samples were analysed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). There was higher concentration of magnesium, calcium and potassium in tap water compared to bore water but the difference was statistically significance for calcium only (p=0.007). No significant differences were found in all minerals for both tap water and bore water after filtration or boiling. Concentration of minerals from filtered water samples was found to be higher in galvanised steel pipes compared to polyvinyl chloride. In conclusion, water samples provided by respondents were safe for drinking and cooking as the mineral contents for consumption are below the maximum value of Drinking Water Quality Standard.

scholarly journals Solar Distillation of Impure Water from Four Different Water Sources under South-Western Nigeria Climate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saheed A. Adio ◽  
Emmanuel A. Osowade ◽  
Adam O. Muritala ◽  
Adebayo A. Fadairo ◽  
Kamar T. Oladepo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Drinkable Water ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Dug Well

Abstract. The inherent havoc caused by scarcity of potable water and transmission of water-borne diseases in some parts of Nigeria have created a public health concern. This study seeks to investigate water purification of four different water samples (namely: water from flowing river; freshly dug well or groundwater; rainwater from the rooftop; and heavily polluted dirty water) consumed by the people in the local community using solar desalination method. A single basin solar still was constructed and experimental studies were carried out to determine the influence of solar insolation and temperature variations on the yield of the distillate. The quality of the distillate was tested by measuring the total dissolved solid (TDS) and electrical conductivity. These were compared to World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinkable water. These parameters were measured for each water sample before and after desalination to determine the efficiency of the solar still. Results showed a wide gap between the values of TDS and EC before and after desalination of the water samples. The values obtained were in accordance with the requirement of World Health Organization for quality drinkable water. The water becomes clear and less turbid after desalination.

scholarly journals Determination of Physicochemical Parameters and Mineral Compositions of Hand Dug Well Water Samples Collected from Selected Local Government Areas in Oyo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
S. A. Okewole ◽  
L. O. Oyekunle ◽  
O. O. Akande ◽  
A. I. Amusat ◽  
A. I. Amuzat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Well Water ◽  
North East ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Dug Well

Potable water is essential for human survival but contaminations through human activities have jeo pardized it. This research will create awareness on the condition of hand dug well water used and reduce transmission of diseases in the study areas. The study deals with the determination of physic-chemical parameters and Mineral composition of water samples collected in the month of September, 2019 from hand dug well from selected local government areas in Oyo State Nigeria, (Ibadan North-East, Ibarapa Central, Afijio, Ogbomoso South and Iseyin local government). The parameters examined were Temperature (ToC), Potential Hydrogen (pH), Conductivity (µ/S-1/cm), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS ppm), Salinity (ppm), Dissolved Oxygen (DO mg/L),Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Zinc (Zn2+) and Chloride (Cl-). Standard analytical methods were used. The analytical results of the study revealed that Temperatures are within 27 and 28oC, the pH of the samples ranges from 4.7-6.8, Conductivity falls between 785-1671 µ/S-1/cm. The TDS ranges from 550-1346 ppm, Salinity from 384-956 ppm while DO had the values ranges of 6.03-11.44 mg/l. Potassium (K+) (1.92-6.22 mg/l), Calcium (Ca2+) (14.74-18.52 mg/l), Magnesium (Mg2+) (6.34-7.81 mg/l), Zinc (Zn2+) (0.39-0.47mg/l) and Chloride (Cl-) (26.19-28.70 mg/l). It was noted that, Conductivity, salinity and DO were high compared to WHO and NSDWQ permissible standard limits. This indicated that pollution from dumpsites and erosion has great impact on the water. The mineral compositions of the water samples are within the permissible limit recommended by WHO. It is advisable that proper drainage and sewer systems should be constructed in all areas to ensure proper disposal of hazardous liquid waste, thereby preventing seepage into groundwater and surface water.

scholarly journals Assessment of Physicochemical and Bacteriological Parameters of Borehole and Hand Dug Well Water in Michika and Environs, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Priscilla Alexander ◽  
I. B. Bwatanglang ◽  
Juth Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Dug Well ◽  
Bacteriological Parameters

Physicochemical and Bacteriological Parameters of Borehole and Hand dug well water of Michika town in Michika Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria and environs were assessed to determine their suitability or otherwise for drinking and domestic purposes. Ten (10) water samples, five each from boreholes and hand-dug wells, from five selected areas in Michika town, were collected during the months of January and February 2018. The water samples which are extensively used for drinking and other domestic purposes, were randomly collected and the results were compared with WHO and NAFDAC standards guidelines for drinking water. These samples were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics (pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, TDS, Turbidity, hardness), heavy metals, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and coliform counts. The results of the investigation revealed that the physicochemical and bacteriological parameters falls within the maximum permissible limits of NAFDAC and WHO guidelines for drinking water. The physicochemical concentrations were higher in borehole water than in hand dug well water; Lead and Cadmium were not detected in all the samples. All the water samples were free from feacal contamination except in Barikin Dlaka hand dug well which contained 0.05 ± 0.001 MPN/100 ml total coliform count which is below the WHO/NAFDAC maximum permissible levels. The suitability of water for domestic and drinking purposes indicated that the water samples were within the standards prescribed for potable water. However, there is need for routine checks to ascertain the suitability or otherwise of these water sources so as to forestall outbreak of water born diseases.

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