Chester Step Test in patients with cardiovascular disease: practical applications in a cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation setting

The Chester Step Test is a low-cost, sub-maximal exercise test, which is commonly used in the assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness in a cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation setting. This review discusses the practical applications of the Chester Step Test in the context of its validity, reliability and predictability in measuring cardiorespiratory fitness. The Chester Step Test has been compared to the ‘gold standard’ treadmill test for validity. There was a strong correlation (r=0.92) between predicted VO2 values in the test and actual measurements from the treadmill test. In addition, the Chester Step Test has good reliability, which eliminates the need for a practice test. Furthermore, the Chester Step Test can provide valuable information on the patient's exercise tolerance to specific levels of sub-maximal stress, risk stratification, and physical activity/exercise prescription.

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Comparison of the Double Two-Step Test and the Maximal Exercise Treadmill Test

Circulation ◽

10.1161/01.cir.36.2.238 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 238-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

SAMUEL BELLET ◽

LAURIAN ROMAN

Keyword(s):

Maximal Exercise ◽

Step Test ◽

Treadmill Test ◽

Exercise Treadmill Test ◽

Exercise Treadmill

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Influence of Cardiorespiratory Fitness onPPARGmRNA Expression Using Monozygotic Twin Case Control

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2015/538732 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marcos Roberto Queiroga ◽

Ricardo Augusto Barbieri ◽

Sandra Aires Ferreira ◽

André Ducati Luchessi ◽

Rosario Dominguez Crespo Hirata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Monozygotic Twin ◽

Case Control ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Maximal Exercise Test ◽

Discordant Group

The influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) on anthropometric variables andPPARGmRNA expression was investigated. Monozygotic twin pairs aged 11–18 years were grouped into discordant (D) and concordant (C) high and low VO2max groups. VO2max was determined by progressive maximal exercise test on treadmill with gas exchange analysis. Body mass (BM), BMI, waist circumference (WC), triceps (TR), and subscapular (SB) skinfold thicknesses were measured. Twins from the discordant group had differences in VO2max values (D-high =45.9±10.0versus D-low =32.4±10.6 mL·kg−1·min−1,P=0.025), while no differences were found in the concordant group (C-high =42.4±9.2versus C-low =38.8±9.8 mL·kg−1·min−1,P=0.952). In discordant group, VO2max was negatively correlated with TR + SB (r=-0.540,P=0.021) and positively correlated withPPARGexpression in leukocytes (r=0.952,P=0.001). Moreover,PPARGexpression was directly correlated with BM (r=0.714,P=0.047) and height (r=0.762,P=0.028). In concordant twins, VO2max was inversely correlated with BM (r=-0.290,P=0.027), BMI (r=-0.472,P=0.001), WC (r=-0.426,P=0.001), and TR + SB (r=-0.739,P=0.001). Twins D-high had 1.78-fold greaterPPARGexpression when compared with twins D-low (P=0.048). In conclusion, the cardiorespiratory fitness may modulatePPARGexpression in childhood and adolescence, independently of the genetic background.

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Development Technologies for the Monitoring of Six-Minute Walk Test: A Systematic Review

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s22020581 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 581

Author(s):

Ivan Miguel Pires ◽

María Vanessa Villasana ◽

Juliana Sá ◽

Hanna Vitaliyivna Denysyuk ◽

Diogo Luís Marques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Low Cost ◽

Magnetic Sensors ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Walk Test ◽

Maximal Exercise Test ◽

Pubmed Central ◽

Six Minute Walk Test ◽

Minute Walk

In the pandemic time, the monitoring of the progression of some diseases is affected and rehabilitation is more complicated. Remote monitoring may help solve this problem using mobile devices that embed low-cost sensors, which can help measure different physical parameters. Many tests can be applied remotely, one of which is the six-minute walk test (6MWT). The 6MWT is a sub-maximal exercise test that assesses aerobic capacity and endurance, allowing early detection of emerging medical conditions with changes. This paper presents a systematic review of the use of sensors to measure the different physical parameters during the performance of 6MWT, focusing on various diseases, sensors, and implemented methodologies. It was performed with the PRISMA methodology, where the search was conducted in different databases, including IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, ScienceDirect, and PubMed Central. After filtering the papers related to 6MWT and sensors, we selected 31 papers that were analyzed in more detail. Our analysis discovered that the measurements of 6MWT are primarily performed with inertial and magnetic sensors. Likewise, most research studies related to this test focus on multiple sclerosis and pulmonary diseases.

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"Near Maximal" Exercise Test by Treadmill for Evaluation of Cardiac Function : SYMPOSIUM ON EXERCISE TESTINGS OF HEART DISEASE

Japanese Circulation Journal ◽

10.1253/jcj.43.171 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 171-182

Author(s):

KOHJI TAMURA ◽

TAKEFUMI OZAWA ◽

HIROSHI MUROOKA

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Cardiac Function ◽

Exercise Test ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Maximal Exercise Test

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Chemical Modification of Combusted Coal Gangue for U(VI) Adsorption: Towards a Waste Control by Waste Strategy

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8421

Author(s):

Yuan Gao ◽

Jiandong Huang ◽

Meng Li ◽

Zhongran Dai ◽

Rongli Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Analysis ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Low Cost ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Coal Gangue ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Detailed Structural Analysis ◽

Alkaline Conditions

Uranium mining waste causes serious radiation-related health and environmental problems. This has encouraged efforts toward U(VI) removal with low cost and high efficiency. Typical uranium adsorbents, such as polymers, geopolymers, zeolites, and MOFs, and their associated high costs limit their practical applications. In this regard, this work found that the natural combusted coal gangue (CCG) could be a potential precursor of cheap sorbents to eliminate U(VI). The removal efficiency was modulated by chemical activation under acid and alkaline conditions, obtaining HCG (CCG activated with HCl) and KCG (CCG activated with KOH), respectively. The detailed structural analysis uncovered that those natural mineral substances, including quartz and kaolinite, were the main components in CCG and HCG. One of the key findings was that kalsilite formed in KCG under a mild synthetic condition can conspicuous enhance the affinity towards U(VI). The best equilibrium adsorption capacity with KCG was observed to be 140 mg/g under pH 6 within 120 min, following a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. To understand the improved adsorption performance, an adsorption mechanism was proposed by evaluating the pH of uranyl solutions, adsorbent dosage, as well as contact time. Combining with the structural analysis, this revealed that the uranyl adsorption process was mainly governed by chemisorption. This study gave rise to a utilization approach for CCG to obtain cost-effective adsorbents and paved a novel way towards eliminating uranium by a waste control by waste strategy.

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Preparation and photocatalytic performance of metallic Nb0.9Ta0.1S2/2D-C3N4 composite

Oxford Open Materials Science ◽

10.1093/oxfmat/itab005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hanxiang Chen ◽

Jianjian Yi ◽

Zhao Mo ◽

Yanhua Song ◽

Wenshu Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Separation Efficiency ◽

Low Cost ◽

Metal Sulfide ◽

Electron Hole ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Energy And Environment ◽

Photocatalytic Application ◽

Light Utilization ◽

Ternary Metal ◽

Key Issues

Abstract Photocatalysis technology has potential application in the field of energy and environment. How to expand visible light utilization and promote the separation efficiency of the carriers are the key issues for the high active photocatalysts preparation and future practical applications. In this work, a ternary metal sulfide Nb0.9Ta0.1S2 was prepared and used as an electron collector in the photocatalytic application. As a result, the generated electrons are quickly transferred to the surface of the composite to participate in the reaction. It was demonstrated that the photocatalytic activity of 2D-C3N4 was enhanced after the modification of Nb0.9Ta0.1S2. The Nb0.9Ta0.1S2/2D-C3N4 composite material was synthesized by solvothermal method. The composition of 5% Nb0.9Ta0.1S2/2D-C3N4 showed the highest H2 evolution rate of 1961.6 μmolg−1h−1, which was 6.6 times that of 2D-C3N4. The 15% Nb0.9Ta0.1S2/2D-C3N4 exhibited the best activity in Rhodamine B degradation rate of 97% in 2 h, which is 50% higher than that of 2D-C3N4. Nb0.9Ta0.1S2/2D-C3N4 can be used as electron trap to promote the effective separation of electron–hole pairs. This work provides benchmarks in exploring low-cost and efficient cocatalyst.

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A Survey on Deep Learning Based Methods and Datasets for Monocular 3D Object Detection

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10040517 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 517

Author(s):

Seong-heum Kim ◽

Youngbae Hwang

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Object Detection ◽

Low Cost ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Future Research ◽

3D Object ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Depth Sensors ◽

Significant Research ◽

3D Object Detection

Owing to recent advancements in deep learning methods and relevant databases, it is becoming increasingly easier to recognize 3D objects using only RGB images from single viewpoints. This study investigates the major breakthroughs and current progress in deep learning-based monocular 3D object detection. For relatively low-cost data acquisition systems without depth sensors or cameras at multiple viewpoints, we first consider existing databases with 2D RGB photos and their relevant attributes. Based on this simple sensor modality for practical applications, deep learning-based monocular 3D object detection methods that overcome significant research challenges are categorized and summarized. We present the key concepts and detailed descriptions of representative single-stage and multiple-stage detection solutions. In addition, we discuss the effectiveness of the detection models on their baseline benchmarks. Finally, we explore several directions for future research on monocular 3D object detection.

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Ruthenium Sensitizers and Their Applications in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

International Journal of Photoenergy ◽

10.1155/2012/291579 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Yuancheng Qin ◽

Qiang Peng

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Low Cost ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Ruthenium Complexes ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Photovoltaic Energy ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Excellent Stability

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to the possibility of low-cost conversion of photovoltaic energy. The DSSCs-based ruthenium complexes as sensitizers show high efficiency and excellent stability, implying potential practical applications. This review focuses on recent advances in design and preparation of efficient ruthenium sensitizers and their applications in DSSCs, including thiocyanate ruthenium sensitizers and thiocyanate-free ruthenium sensitizers.

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