Older adults' self-advocacy in patient safety: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (16) ◽  
pp. 1076-1084
Author(s):  
Nasser Novinmehr ◽  
Marzieh Hasanpour ◽  
Mahvash Salsali ◽  
Neda Mehrdad ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Advocacy ◽  
Rural Living

Background: patient advocacy is a major nursing role, which is linked to supporting, encouraging and reinforcing self-advocacy in patients. Patient safety is an important nursing outcome, especially in older adults. Aims: older adults' self-advocacy regarding patient safety behaviour and its relationship with some demographic characteristics were assessed. Methods: a valid older adult patients' self-advocacy questionnaire, which included subscales of behaviour, self-efficacy, attitude and outcome efficacy (range of scores=0–63), was used. In this cross-sectional study, 230 patients aged over 60 years were selected using a stratified sampling method. Findings: an association was found between total self-advocacy score (mean=40.16; SD=9.6) and rural living (β=–0.168; P=0.016) using multiple linear regression analysis. Similar findings were found between questionnaire subscales and sex, rural living, occupation and age. Conclusion: older adults, especially women, those of advanced age and those in rural areas, may benefit from nursing interventions to improve their self-advocacy in patient safety.

scholarly journals Impact of village health volunteer support on postnatal depressive symptoms in the remote rural areas of Lao People’s Democratic Republic: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Toyama ◽  
Inthanomchanh Vongphoumy ◽  
Manami Uehara ◽  
Chika Sato ◽  
Futoshi Nishimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Postnatal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Village Health

Abstract Background Village health volunteers (VHVs) are responsible for providing primary care in the communities of Laos. Unlike other districts, in Xepon more than 90% of VHVs are male and therefore experience difficulties interacting with pregnant women. To improve outreach to pregnant women, especially among ethnic minorities, a new project was implemented by local municipalities in 2017: newly selected female VHVs were paired to work with existing male VHVs. The objective of this study was to compare the postnatal depressive symptoms of ethnic minority mothers supported by pair-VHVs and single-VHVs in remote rural areas of Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2019. Mothers who had delivered a baby within 1 year preceding the study were recruited from 36 villages. Of the 305 mothers, 227 responded. The questionnaires included (1) demographic characteristics such as age, economic status, and birth experience; (2) self-decision to go to a health center/hospital to receive antenatal care; (3) type of VHVs (pair or single), support, and information from VHVs during pregnancy, support from husband and relationship with husband; (4) the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of the Ryukyus and National Ethics Committee for Health Research of Lao PDR. Results The average total EPDS score was 5.5 among mothers supported by pair-VHV and 7.0 among mothers supported by single-VHV. Results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that the EPDS score was significantly lower among mothers supported by pair-VHV (β=−1.18, p <0.05) even after adjusting for economic and biological factors. Conclusions Mothers supported by pair-VHV had a significantly lower EPDS score than those supported by single-VHVs in this study area, suggesting that the support of male and female VHV pairs contributed to improving mental health status among ethnic minority mothers in remote rural areas of Lao PDR. Expanding the program to train female VHVs working with male VHVs is necessary for improving maternal and child health in a rural district of Lao PDR.

scholarly journals Attitudes of pharmacy students towards patient safety: a cross-sectional study from six developing countries

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e039459
Author(s):  
Abdallah Y Naser ◽  
Zahra Khalil Alsairafi ◽  
Ahmed Awaisu ◽  
Hassan Alwafi ◽  
Oriana Awwad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveTo evaluate the attitudes of undergraduate pharmacy students towards patient safety in six developing countries.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingParticipants were enrolled from the participating universities in six countries.ParticipantsUndergraduate pharmacy students from the participating universities in six developing countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, India and Indonesia) were invited to participate in the study between October 2018 and September 2019.Primary outcomeAttitudes towards patient safety was measured using 14-item questionnaire that contained five subscales: being quality-improvement focused, internalising errors regardless of harm, value of contextual learning, acceptability of questioning more senior healthcare professionals’ behaviour and attitude towards open disclosure. Multiple-linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of positive attitudes towards patient safety.ResultsA total of 2595 students participated in this study (1044 from Jordan, 514 from Saudi Arabia, 134 from Kuwait, 61 from Qatar, 416 from India and 429 from Indonesia). Overall, the pharmacy students reported a positive attitude towards patient safety with a mean score of 37.4 (SD=7.0) out of 56 (66.8%). The ‘being quality-improvement focused’ subscale had the highest score, 75.6%. The subscale with the lowest score was ‘internalising errors regardless of harm’, 49.2%. Female students had significantly better attitudes towards patient safety scores compared with male students (p=0.001). Being at a higher level of study and involvement in or witnessing harm to patients while practising were important predictors of negative attitudes towards patient safety (p<0.001).ConclusionPatient safety content should be covered comprehensively in pharmacy curricula and reinforced in each year of study. This should be more focused on students in their final year of study and who have started their training. This will ensure that the next generation of pharmacists are equipped with the requisite knowledge, core competencies and attitudes to ensure optimal patient safety when they practice.

scholarly journals Association of Salivary Statherin, Calcium, and Proline-Rich Proteins on Oral Hygiene: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Deepak Gowda Sadashivappa Pateel ◽  
Shilpa Gunjal ◽  
Liew Fong Fong ◽  
Nur Sulwana Mohd Hanapi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Saliva, as a complex biofluid, plays a pivotal role in maintaining oral health and tooth integrity. There has been inconsistent data available on the relationship between salivary parameters and oral health. This study aims to investigate the association between salivary statherin, acidic proline-rich proteins (aPRP), and calcium with oral hygiene status. Methods. One hundred and eighty-eight healthy subjects aged between 18 and 50 years with varying oral hygiene status who gave consent to participate were included in this cross-sectional study. The subjects were recruited from primary oral health care of MAHSA University. Oral hygiene of all the participants was measured using Oral Hygiene Index–Simplified (OHI-S). Stimulated saliva collected using paraffin wax was analyzed for salivary statherin, aPRP, and calcium. The relationship between salivary statherin, aPRP, and calcium levels with OHI-S was assessed using Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient; the strength of relationship was assessed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results. The study found a weak positive correlation (r = 0.179, p  = 0.014) between salivary statherin and OHI-S; weak negative correlation (r = −0.187, p  = 0.010) between salivary aPRP and OHI-S; and moderate negative correlation between salivary statherin and salivary aPRP levels (r = −0.50, p  < 0.001) which were statistically significant. Conclusion. Poor oral hygiene is associated with increased statherin and reduced aPRP levels in saliva. Thus, these salivary components may have a role in predicting oral hygiene status.

Difficulties Imposed on the Parent–Child Relationship Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110675
Author(s):  
Iraklis Grigoropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Parent Child

The present study tested whether emotionally burdened parents due to the COVID-19 pandemic might appraise their relationship with their children more negatively. The current cross-sectional study was circulated through social media. A total of 265 respondents took part in the study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between predictor variables and the parent–child relationship. This study’s results report that older fathers with higher levels of COVID-19 related fear are more likely to appraise negatively their relationship with their children. Therefore, this study suggests the need for family-level strategies to address better the psychological aspects related to the pandemic outbreak.

scholarly journals Screening for caregiver psychosocial risk in children with medical complexity: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000671
Author(s):  
Rahul Verma ◽  
Yasna Mehdian ◽  
Neel Sheth ◽  
Kathy Netten ◽  
Jean Vinette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Children With Medical Complexity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Complexity

ObjectiveTo quantify psychosocial risk in family caregivers of children with medical complexity using the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) and to investigate potential contributing sociodemographic factors.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingFamily caregivers completed questionnaires during long-term ventilation and complex care clinic visits at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.PatientsA total of 136 family caregivers of children with medical complexity completed the PAT questionnaires from 30 June 2017 through 23 August 2017.Main outcome measuresMean PAT scores in family caregivers of children with medical complexity. Caregivers were stratified as ‘Universal’ low risk, ‘Targeted’ intermediate risk or ‘Clinical’ high risk. The effect of sociodemographic variables on overall PAT scores was also examined using multiple linear regression analysis. Comparisons with previous paediatric studies were made using T-test statistics.Results136 (103 females (76%)) family caregivers completed the study. Mean PAT score was 1.17 (SD=0.74), indicative of ‘Targeted’ intermediate risk. Sixty-one (45%) caregivers were classified as Universal risk, 60 (44%) as Targeted risk and 15 (11%) as Clinical risk. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed an overall significant model (p=0.04); however, no particular sociodemographic factor was a significant predictor of total PAT scores.ConclusionFamily caregivers of children with medical complexity report PAT scores among the highest of all previously studied paediatric populations. These caregivers experience significant psychosocial risk, demonstrated by larger proportions of caregivers in the highest-risk Clinical category.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practices during the COVID-19 Outbreak in the Middle East: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4699
Author(s):  
Abdallah Y. Naser ◽  
Eman Zmaily Dahmash ◽  
Zahra Khalil Alsairafi ◽  
Hassan Alwafi ◽  
Hamad Alyami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Scale Scores

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of the general public in the Middle Eastern countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted between the 19th of March and the 6th of April 2020 in three Middle Eastern countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait) to explore the knowledge and practices of the Middle Eastern population regarding COVID-19. A previously developed questionnaire was adapted and used for this study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of COVID-19 knowledge. Results: A total of 1208 participants (members of the public) participated from the three countries (Jordan = 389, Saudi Arabia = 433, and Kuwait = 386). The majority of participants (n = 810, 67.2%) were females aged 30 to 49 years (n = 501, 41.5%). Participants had moderate overall COVID-19 knowledge, with a mean (SD) score of 7.93 (±1.72) out of 12 (66.1%). Participants had better knowledge about disease prevention and control (83.0%), whereas the lowest sub-scale scores were for questions about disease transmission routes (43.3%). High education level was an important predictor of greater COVID-19 knowledge scores (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Further public education is needed to address the relatively low level of education regarding the transmission of COVID-19 in the Middle Eastern countries. Policymakers are recommended to develop informative COVID-19 related campaigns that specifically target young people (university students), unemployed individuals, and those with lower levels of education.

scholarly journals Fuel consumption and expenditure among rural population of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3630
Author(s):  
Karnaboopathy Ranganathan ◽  
Venkatesan Dhanagopalan ◽  
Muthukumar Tharumaraj ◽  
Kalaivani Annadurai
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Difficult Situation

Background: There are two kinds living in the world. They are human beings and animals. The human begins of the pre-historic age lived like animals with little knowledge of a system of social advancement. The households in the rural and urban area are facing the difficult situation act spending of fuel consumption. A moderately large amount of the revenue of the households has to be set separately aside for the expenditure on fuel.Methods: This study was a community based cross-sectional study to assess the fuel consumption, 150 households were included in the study.Results: In the study population 75.33% (113) were male and 24.67% (37) were female. Among the study participants 39.33% of the households are using LPG followed by 24% are using firewood were in 20.67% are using electricity and 16% of households are using kerosene. The multiple linear regression analysis were carried out and the results for the coefficient of multiple determination R squared value is 0.420 which implies 42% of the variation in monthly expenditure of fuel due to the variations in the concerned predictor variables.Conclusions: The study could be conducted in a large a scale over a wider area with a more accurate sampling procedure. This would give more information on the relation between the fuel consumption, the need for conservation as related to the different income groups and different educational level of the respondents.

scholarly journals Stigma Among Patients with HIV/AIDS: A Cross Sectional Study in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Azreen Abdullah ◽  
Adibah Hanim Ismail ◽  
Ching Siew Mooi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Stigma ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction:HIV stigma refers to negative beliefs, feelings and attitudes towards people living with HIV (PLWH), groups associated with PLWH and other key populations at higher risk of HIV infection, such as people who inject drugs, sex workers, men who have sex with men and transgender people. Despite the advancement made in the knowledge and treatment of HIV, PLWH continues to be stigmatized.Objective: To determine the level of HIV stigma and its predictors among people living with HIV/AIDS in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among HIV/AIDS patients aged 18 and above at infectious disease clinic in Hospital Sungai Buloh, Gombak, Malaysia. HIV stigma was assessed using Berger’s HIV stigma scale, which is available in Bahasa Malaysia and English.A self-administered questionnaire was used to determine their demographic and clinical characteristics. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the predictors.Results: 526 subjects participated in this study. The mean age of the study population was 33.5± 8.4 years. The majority of the participants were male (90.9%) and contracted HIV through sexual activities (87.8%). The mean score of HIV stigma was 104.7 ± 19.5. Based on multiple linear regression analysis, patients who were unemployed (B = -8.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -12.12,-3.88, p = < 0.001) and being on antiretroviral treatment (B = 4.95, 95% (CI) = 0.30, 9.60, p = < 0.037) had higher level of HIV stigma.Conclusions: The level of HIV stigma was high (mean score =104.7 ± 19.5). HIV/AIDS patients who are unemployed and on antiretroviral agents were at risks of having higher level of HIV stigma. Future study is needed urgently to implement intervention that can minimize the stigmatization among patients with HIV/AIDS.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 04 No. 01 January’20 Page : 26-35

scholarly journals VA Video Connect for Clinical Care in Older Adults in a Rural State During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana P Padala ◽  
Kerrie B Wilson ◽  
C Heath Gauss ◽  
Jessica D Stovall ◽  
Prasad R Padala
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the need for telehealth at home. Although the Department of Veterans Affairs is a leading provider of telehealth, disparities may exist in reaching older veterans living in rural areas. VA Video Connect (VVC) is a video conferencing app that enables veterans to connect with their health care provider via a secure and private session. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the capability and willingness of older veterans to participate in a VVC visit during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on older veterans (N=118) at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System. Participants were interviewed over the phone and responses to the following items were recorded: availability of internet, email, and an electronic device with a camera; veterans’ willingness to complete an appointment via a VVC visit; and availability of assistance from a caregiver for those who were unable to participate in a VVC visit alone. RESULTS Participants’ mean age was 72.6 (SD 8.3) years, 92% (n=108) were male, 69% (n=81) were Caucasian, 30% (n=35) were African Americans, and 36% (n=42) lived in a rural location. The majority reported having access to the internet (n=93, 77%) and email service (n=83, 70%), but only 56% (n=67) had a camera-equipped device. Overall, 53% (n=63) were willing and capable of participating in a VVC visit. The availability of internet access was significantly lower in rural compared to nonrural participants (<i>P</i>=.045) and in those with or less than a high school education compared to those who pursued higher education (<i>P</i>=.02). Willingness to participate in the VVC visit was significantly lower in rural compared to nonrural participants (<i>P</i>=.03). Of the participants who reported they were able and willing to partake in a VVC visit (n=54), 65% (n=35) opted for VVC and 35% (n=19) preferred a phone visit. In total, 77% (n=27) of the scheduled VVC visits were successful. CONCLUSIONS Despite advances in technology, and willingness on the part of health care systems, there are some lingering issues with capability and willingness to participate in video telehealth visits, particularly among older adults residing in rural areas.

scholarly journals Community Based Assessment of Biochemical Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Rural and Tribal Area of Himalayan Region, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Bhardwaj ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Sunil Kumar Raina ◽  
Pradeep Bansal ◽  
Satya Bhushan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tribal Area

Context. Evident change in nutrition and lifestyle among individuals of urban and rural areas raises suspicion for similar change in tribal area population of India.Aim. To study the biochemical risk factor for CVDs in rural and tribal population of Sub-Himalayan state of India.Settings and Design. Cross-sectional study in rural (low altitude) and tribal (high altitude) area of Himachal Pradesh, India.Methodology. Blood lipid profile using standard laboratory methods.Statistical Analysis. Chi-square test and multiple linear regression analysis.Results. Total of 900 individuals were studied in both areas. As per Asian criteria, obesity (BMI 27.5–30.0 kg/m2) was observed to be significantly high (P=0.00) as 13.7% in tribal area as compared to 5.5% in rural area. Normal level of TC (<200 mg/dL) and LDL (<130 mg/dL) was observed in the majority of the population of both areas, whereas, at risk level of HDL (<40 mg/dL) was present in half of the population of both rural and tribal areas. The prevalence of borderline to high level of TGs was observed to be 60.2% and 55.2% in rural and tribal (P=0.10) area, respectively.Conclusion. Prevalent abnormal lipid profile in tribal area demands establishment of an effective surveillance system for development of chronic diseases.

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