Pigmentation disorders: types, aetiology and treatment options

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 235-239
Author(s):  
Rekha Tailor
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aesthetic Practice ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Darker Skin Types ◽  
Pigmentation Disorders

Hyperpigmentation is a chronic skin disorder that can be very difficult to treat. Skin pigmentation disorders are commonly seen in women than in men, due to hormonal factors, and in those with darker skin types. Pigmentation disorders can cause significant stress for patients and can have a detrimental effect on their quality of life; it is therefore important that aesthetic practitioners have a sound understanding of the different types of hyperpigmentation and appropriate treatments. This article will explore pigmentation disorders and how they can be treated in aesthetic practice.

Development of a Comprehensive Quality-of-Life Measure for Facial and Torso Acne

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea McLellan ◽  
Marc P. Frey ◽  
Diane Thiboutot ◽  
Alison Layton ◽  
Mary-Margaret Chren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Delphi Survey ◽  
Psychometric Validation ◽  
Cognitive Interviews ◽  
Life Measure ◽  
Chronic Skin

Background Acne is a chronic skin disorder which generally presents in adolescence but continues into adulthood, and negatively affects both physical and psychosocial well-being. Presently, there are no validated acne-specific quality-of-life (QoL) measures that include dimensions for both facial and torso acne. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a QoL instrument for both facial and torso acne (CompAQ) in accordance with recommended standards. Methods: A literature review and Delphi survey of patients and clinicians were used to develop the conceptual framework for outcomes perceived important to acne patients. An initial version of the measure was developed, CompAQ-v1, and pilot tested with patients via cognitive interviews. Results: The Delphi survey generated 4 domains (physical, psychological, sociological, and treatment) and 54 items. These, along with a literature review and input from clinical experts, informed the development of the CompAQ-v1. Eleven cognitive interviews were conducted, resulting in the second version of the measure, CompAQ-v2. Psychometric validation resulted in the final 20-item CompAQ measure comprising 5 domains. An abbreviated 5-item measure was also developed (CompAQ-SF). Conclusion: CompAQ and CompAQ-SF are instruments intended to evaluate QoL in patients with acne on their face or torso. The former is a 21-item QoL intended for research, while the latter is intended for clinical practice.

Effect of yoga and meditation on tinnitus: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
D R Gunjawate ◽  
R Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Present Systematic Review ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Abstract Objective The present systematic review aimed to explore the published literature on the application of yoga and meditation for tinnitus. Method A systematic search was carried out to identify the eligible studies exploring the effect of yoga and meditation on tinnitus in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library electronic databases. Studies on the application of yoga and meditation on tinnitus were identified following a three-step screening process by both the authors independently. A mixed-methods appraisal tool was used to perform the quality appraisal of the included studies. Results Five studies were shortlisted and included in the present review. Four studies had used different types of yoga and pranayama, while one used relaxation therapy. Three studies concluded that there were positive effects of yoga on tinnitus, such as a reduction in severity, stress, anxiety and irritability associated with tinnitus and improved quality of life. Conclusion This review highlights the application of yoga and meditation in management of tinnitus along with regular otological and audiological treatment options. Furthermore, there is a need to have more randomised controlled trials in this area to evidence the effect of yoga and meditation on tinnitus empirically.

scholarly journals Scar Symptoms: Pigmentation Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
A. Pijpe ◽  
K. L. M. Gardien ◽  
R. E. van Meijeren-Hoogendoorn ◽  
E. Middelkoop ◽  
Paul P. M. van Zuijlen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Skin Grafting ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
Scar Assessment ◽  
Chemical Peels ◽  
Assessment Scales ◽  
Pigmentation Disorders

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, course, measurement, and potential therapies for pigmentation disorders in scars. Pigmentation problems are a common consequence of deep partial- and full-thickness burns, other skin trauma or disease, and surgical procedures. Both hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation can cause esthetic and psychological issues, which may influence quality of life. The role of melanocytes and the maturation of pigmentation problems are discussed. To determine the severity of pigmentation problems and for therapeutic evaluation, different subjective and objective methods have been validated. Simple and easy-to-use measurement instruments are available based on spectrophotometric techniques. Also scar assessment scales with subscales for color and pigmentation are convenient and validated methods for quantitative evaluation of skin pigment disorders. Treatment options are discussed and include camouflage therapy, topical treatments, chemical peels, laser therapy, dermatography, dermabrasion, microneedling, skin grafting, cell therapy, and excision. It is advised to first try the conservative options and to dose and monitor the treatment to prevent overshoot and complications.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Treatment Options of Melasma as Well as its Association with Quality of Life in Darker Skin Types: A Scoping Review Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nomakhosi Mpofana ◽  
Buyisile Chibi ◽  
Nceba Gqaleni ◽  
Ahmed Hussain Mohammed ◽  
Avenal Jane Finlayson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Darker Skin Types

Abstract BackgroundMelasma is one of the most encountered dermatoses in dermatology and skin care clinics. It is a challenging chronic, recurrent condition associated with hyperpigmentation. Its etiology is poorly understood. Melasma affects all races and gender but is more prevalent in women with darker skin types. Being a facial lesion, melasma has a severe impact on quality of life due to its disfigurement. While many modalities of treatment for melasma exists, unfortunately, effectiveness and safety remain a huge concern. Treatment modalities are variable and often unsatisfactory. The objective of this scoping review is to systemically map available evidence from literature regarding melasma, garner insight as to how melasma affects the quality of life and begin to investigate and gain understanding on effectiveness of different treatments used for melasma.MethodsA scoping review guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, the enhancements and recommendations of Levac, Colquhoun and O’Brien, Daudt and associates and the 2015 Johanna Briggs Institute’s guidelines will be conducted. Systematic electronic searches of databases and search engines such as, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane, Science Direct, and Web of Science will be conducted to attain published peer-reviewed articles of all study designs excluding reviews. All literature that meets the inclusion criteria, research question and sub-question will be included in this review. All the retrieved literature will be exported to an Endnote X20 library. Quality appraisal of the included articles will be conducted using the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) 2018 version.DiscussionWe anticipate mapping relevant literature on the prevalence of melasma, investigating the effectiveness of treatment options of melasma as well as evaluating its association with quality of life in darker skin types. This study is likely to reveal research gaps, which could guide future implementation research on melasma treatment interventions.Protocol registration: This protocol has been registered apriori with OSF and is accessible on this link: https://osf.io/ru3jc/

scholarly journals Rosacea: an update on therapeutic options

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Imran Majid ◽  
Shabir Ahmad Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Systemic Agents ◽  
Chronic Skin Disease

Rosacea is a common inflammatory skin disease affecting the face usually in middle-aged individuals. The disorder is associated with a lot of psychological impact on the quality of life of the affected patient. Treatment options for this skin disease range from topical treatment options to systemic agents and even lasers. This paper will review the current and some of the upcoming treatment options for this chronic skin disease.

scholarly journals Genetic Investigation of Inverse Psoriasis

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Anikó Göblös ◽  
Emese Varga ◽  
Katalin Farkas ◽  
Kristóf Árvai ◽  
Lajos Kemény
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Genetic Investigation ◽  
Plaque Type ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Impaired Quality

Inverse psoriasis is considered to be a rare variant of plaque-type psoriasis and is associated with significantly impaired quality of life. Clinical manifestations and treatment options are somewhat different for each subtype. Identifying genetic variants that contribute to the susceptibility of different types of psoriasis might improve understanding of the etiology of the disease. Since we have no current knowledge about the genetic background of inverse psoriasis, whole exome sequencing was used to comprehensively assess genetic variations in five patients with exclusively inverse lesions. We detected six potentially pathogenic rare (MAF < 0.01) sequence variants that occurred in all investigated patients. The corresponding mutated genes were FN1, FBLN1, MYH7B, MST1R, RHOD, and SCN10A. Several mutations identified in this study are known to cause disease, but roles in psoriasis or other papulosquamous diseases have not previously been reported. Interestingly, potentially causative variants of established psoriasis-susceptibility genes were not identified. These outcomes are in agreement with our hypothesis that the inverse subtype is a different entity from plaque-type psoriasis.

Surgery for Lung Cancer and the Consequences for the Swallow

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Pippa Hales ◽  
Corinne Mossey-Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Physiological Reserve ◽  
Palliative Phase ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Swallow Function

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers across Northern America and Europe. Treatment options offered are dependent on the type of cancer, the location of the tumor, the staging, and the overall health of the person. When surgery for lung cancer is offered, difficulty swallowing is a potential complication that can have several influencing factors. Surgical interaction with the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) can lead to unilateral vocal cord palsy, altering swallow function and safety. Understanding whether the RLN has been preserved, damaged, or sacrificed is integral to understanding the effect on the swallow and the subsequent treatment options available. There is also the risk of post-surgical reduction of physiological reserve, which can reduce the strength and function of the swallow in addition to any surgery specific complications. As lung cancer has a limited prognosis, the clinician must also factor in the palliative phase, as this can further increase the burden of an already compromised swallow. By understanding the surgery and the implications this may have for the swallow, there is the potential to reduce the impact of post-surgical complications and so improve quality of life (QOL) for people with lung cancer.

Raynaud’s phenomenon and digital ischaemia - pharmacologic approach and alternative treatment options

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Linnemann ◽  
Matthias Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Skin Ulcers ◽  
Digital Ischaemia

Abstract. The primary goal of therapy is to reduce the frequency and intensity of Raynaud’s attacks and to minimize the related morbidity rather than to cure the underlying condition. Treatment strategies depend on whether Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is primary or secondary. All patients should be instructed about general measures to maintain body warmth and to avoid triggers of RP attacks. Pharmacologic intervention can be useful for patients with severe and frequent RP episodes that impair the patient’s quality of life. Calcium channel blockers are currently the most prescribed and studied medications for this purpose. There has been limited evidence for the efficacy of alpha-1-adrenergic receptor antagonists, angiotensin receptor blockers, topical nitrates or fluoxetine to treat RP. The intravenously administered prostacyclin analogue iloprost can reduce the frequency and severity of RP attacks and is considered a second-line therapy in patients with markedly impaired quality of life, critical digital ischaemia and skin ulcers who are at risk for substantial tissue loss and amputation. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil) can also improve RP symptoms and ulcer healing whereas endothelin-1 receptor antagonists (e.g., bosentan) are mainly considered treatment options in secondary prevention for patients with digital skin ulcers related to systemic sclerosis. However, their use in clinical practice has been limited by their high cost. Antiplatelet therapy with low-dose aspirin is recommended for all patients who suffer from secondary RP due to ischaemia caused by structural vessel damage. Anticoagulant therapy can be considered during the acute phase of digital ischaemia in patients with suspected vascular occlusive disease attributed to the occurrence of new thromboses. In patients with critical digital ischaemia, consideration should be given to hospitalisation, optimisation of medical treatment in accordance with the underlying disease and evaluation for a secondary, possibly reversible process that is causing or aggravating the clinical symptoms.

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