Paramedic adult pain assessment: pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 507-513
Author(s):  
Padarath Gangaram ◽  
Guillaume Alinier ◽  
Enrico Dippenaar
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Prehospital Setting ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Standardised Patients ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

Background: An inability to assess pain may lead to poor or incorrect treatment. However, pain is often poorly assessed in the prehospital setting. Objective: This study aimed to determine the inter-rater reliability of the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale in the prehospital setting in Qatar with five adult standardised patients. Methods: This prospective, quantitative pilot study gathered primary data using survey questionnaires. Five members of staff played the roles of standardised adult patients presenting with differing reference levels of pain. Thirty-five paramedics assessed and recorded the pain intensity score of these five patients using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. Each participant was exposed to the same five patients and the same range of facial expressions in a random order. Results: The paramedics recorded the pain score of the five patients based on their observations of their facial expressions, often unexpectedly comparing these to the FACES tool. Overall, the inter-rater reliability as determined through Fleiss' kappa indicated only a poor-to-slight agreement of the allocated pain scores against the reference standards. There was a wide grouping of the pain score levels around the reference standard; most of the allocations were 1 to 2 pain score levels away from the reference standard, although not in a normal distribution, with some of the higher reference pain levels receiving lower scores and vice versa. Sensitivity was poor to very poor throughout. Conclusion: The inter-rater reliability of the participant sample when using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale to determine pain levels of five standardised patients was poor because the tool was surprisingly not used appropriately by most clinicians. This could be attributed to various factors including the multinational population, language barriers, a lack of familiarisation with the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale and other environmental factors.

Was That Painful or Nonpainful? The Sensation and Pain Rating Scale Performs Well in the Experimental Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 472.e1-472.e12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria J. Madden ◽  
Peter R. Kamerman ◽  
Valeria Bellan ◽  
Mark J. Catley ◽  
Leslie N. Russek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Experimental Context ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

scholarly journals Evaluation of full cup test and numeric pain rating scale in the assessment of orofacial pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-295
Author(s):  
Roland Prethipa P ◽  
Jimsha V K ◽  
Jonathan Daniel M
Keyword(s):  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Numeric Pain Rating Scale ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

Pain intensity is a common outcome domain assessed in pain clinical trials. The patient’s self-report is the gold standard and it appears to be embedded in everyday clinical practice. Most often pain assessment is considered to be the cornerstone for ideal treatment.The aim of this study was to assess the dental patients’ level of pain using Full Cup Test (FCT) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and to compare and validate the Full Cup Test in the assessment of orofacial pain with Numeric Pain Rating Scale.A total of sixty patients presenting with various forms of orofacial pain were included in this cross-sectional study. Data collected include the patient demographic details and the diagnosis of each case was made after proper history taking, clinical examination and radiographic investigation. Pain assessment was done for each patient using both numeric pain rating scale and full cup test.All the data were analysed using inferential statistics Mann Whitney test and the analysis was carried out with SPSS 17.The comparison of mean pain scores using full cup test and numeric pain rating scale shows there was significant differences between acute and chronic pain with P- value of 0.023 and 0.005 respectively. FCT had shown 83 percent sensitivity and 94 percent specificity.Patients who presented with either acute or chronic dental conditions experienced moderate to severe level of pain. FCT is useful for both evaluating and discerning changes in pain and it can be used as a tool in pain assessment.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Strengthening and Aerobic Exercises among Geriatrics with Arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 593-598
Author(s):  
Tamilselvi S ◽  
Anshu Gloria Ekka ◽  
Arul Jothi L
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Numerical Pain Rating Scale ◽  
Pain Rating Scale ◽  
Experimental Group

Joint inflammation might be a term regularly acclimated mean any confusion that influences joints. Manifestations for the most part, incorporate joint torment and firmness. Different manifestations may incorporate redness, warmth, growing, the diminished scope of movement of the influenced joints. The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of strengthening and aerobic exercise among geriatrics with arthritis. A quantitative research approach with a quasi-experimental research design was used for the present study. A total of 60 arthritis clients who fall in the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling technique, among which 30 samples were in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. The data were collected for both the groups, followed by the pre-test was conducted on the 1st day, the intensity level of pain was assessed by the numerical pain rating scale followed by the exercises which are effective in arthritis are a range of motion exercise, strengthening exercises (hand towel knee exercises, knee flexion, long arc quads), aerobic exercise (brisk walking) was initiated only in the experimental group. The post-test was conducted on 7th day and the level of pain was assessed by a numerical pain rating scale in both the groups. The results revealed that there was a significant reduction in the level of pain at p<0.0001 after the intervention among the experimental group. Thus, the study proves that strengthening and aerobic exercises can be used as an effective nursing intervention for reducing the arthritis pain among the geriatrics and it is easily applicable exercises, and also considered as a less cost-effective. These exercises can be practiced at home without any stress or harm and it has less side effect as compared to that of pharmacological interventions. 

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Progressive Resisted Exercise along with Conventional Exercise and Conventional Exercise Program alone in Subjects with Text Neck Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 536-542
Author(s):  
Divya Jain ◽  
Swapna Jawade ◽  
Neha Chitale
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Numerical Pain Rating Scale ◽  
Neck Disability ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

Background: "Text neck" is a term coined to describe the posture created by leaning forward for lengthy periods of time, such as when reading and texting on a cellphone which has been linked to stress injuries. Neck pain, upper back discomfort, shoulder pain, frequent headaches, and greater curvature of the spine are all dangerous indications of text neck. According to a survey, 35% of smartphone users suffer from text neck syndrome. People between the ages of 15 and 18 are more likely to have neck pain. This protocol has been created that describes the design of comparative study to evaluate effectiveness of progressive resisted exercise along with conventional exercise and conventional exercise program alone in text neck syndrome. Methods: The participants (n=80) will be recruited in the study suffering from text neck syndrome and meeting the inclusion criteria. Two groups will be formed such that patients in group A will be treated with conventional therapy and group B will be treated with progressive resisted exercise (PRE) along with conventional therapy. The protocol will cover 4 weeks of treatment. In the rehabilitation period, we will evaluate the pain intensity, strength of neck muscles and functional activity. Our outcome measures will be- Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and Neck disability index (NDI). Discussion: Efficacy of the intervention will be evaluated by analyzing the pain intensity by using Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and level of functional disability by using Neck disability index (NDI). The result of the study will significantly provide affirmation on either using combination therapy of PRE with conventional exercise or conventional exercise alone.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Cryotherapy on Pain Reduction During Arteriovenous Fistula Puncture Among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4314-4317
Author(s):  
Thamu Priyadharshini N T
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Pain Reduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Av Fistula ◽  
Numerical Pain Rating Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pain Rating Scale ◽  
Experimental Group

Dialysis is performed as critical life support when the patient is suffering acute and chronic kidney failure. The study focus on to determine effectiveness of on pain reduction during AV fistula puncture among patients undergoing . The population comprised of patients in . Experimental Research design was utilized for this study. The investigators assess the pain on AV fistula puncture among the patients with the assistance of numerical pain rating scale, Sixty samples (30 experimental group and 30 control group)were selected by probability simple random (Numerical table method)sampling technique, the data was gathered through the Numerical Pain Rating scale and demographic variables. The pain on AV fistula puncture of the experimental group and control group were calculated by paired’ test for experimental group (‘t’ = 18) and in control group, (‘t’ =1.5). This proves that there is a significant difference in test and post test levels of pain on AV fistula puncture in the experimental group at 0.05 levels. It indicated that the given was effective. The implication of the findings indicated that given was effective for pain reduction during AV fistula puncture among patients. : , pain on AV fistula puncture, patients. implication of the findings indicated that given was effective for pain reduction during AV fistula puncture among patients.

scholarly journals STORYTELLING DENGAN BONEKA JARI UNTUK MENURUNKAN TINGKAT NYERI PEMASANGAN INFUS PADA ANAK PRA SEKOLAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Ika Subekti Wulandari ◽  
Endar Setyaningsih ◽  
Anissa Cindy Nurul Afni
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

Pada masa perawatan di rumah sakit, anak prasekolah dapat mengalami hospitalisasiakibat adanya tindakan invasif seperti pemasangan infus. Pemasangan infus merupakantindakan yang sering menimbulkan nyeri pada anak. Diperlukan terapi nonfarmakologidengan teknik distraksi bercerita agar anak bisa lebih kooperatif dalam pemasangan infus.Storytelling dengan boneka tangan dapat menurunkan nyeri fisiologis, stres dan kecemasandalam mengalihkan perhatian seseorang dari nyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui pengaruh metode storrytelling dengan boneka jari terhadap tingkat nyerianak usia prasekolah saat pemasangan infus di rawat inap Puskesmas Weru. Penelitian iniadalah quasi eksperimental design dengan rancangan post test only design. Pengambilansampel dengan incidental sampling sejumlah 19 anak kelompok perlakuan dan 19 anakkelompok kontrol. Tingkat nyeri diukur dengan wong-baker faces pain rating scale. Analisisdata menggunakan uji mann withney. Hasil uji analisis mann withney didapatkan nilai pvalue 0,000 artinya ada perbedaan tingkat nyeri antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompokkontrol. Kesimpulannya adalah ada pengaruh memberikan perlakuan strorytelling denganboneka jari terhadap tingkat nyeri anak usia prasekolah saat pemasangan infus. Bagiperawat atau tenaga kesehatan lainnya diharapkan untuk melakukan teknik distraksibercerita sebagai terapi nonfarmakologi saat melakukan tindakan invasif agar tingkat nyerianak lebih rendah atau berkurang.

scholarly journals A prospective study of lornoxicam as pre-emptive analgesic in abdominal surgeries in tertiary care hospital in Salem, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1778
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ziauddin Sarkhil ◽  
Hemant Kumar Dutt ◽  
Rajaram S.
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Open Appendectomy ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Analgesic Regimen ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

Background: Preemptive analgesia, involves the introduction of an analgesic regimen before the onset of noxious stimuli, with the goal of preventing sensitization of the nervous system to subsequent stimuli that could amplify pain.Methods: To determine the efficacy and safety of Lornoxicam when administered preemptively by using Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating scale. The patients undergoing abdominal surgery were randomly categorized into group A and B of 25 each. Group A- Received Lornoxicam 8mg (1ml) one hour before surgery. Group B- Not received any analgesic before surgery. Primary measurement of the efficacy was done by using Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hour. All parameters were analyzed by using student t test.Results: Surgeries which were included in the study are hernia repair, open appendectomy, laparoscopic (appendectomy, cholecystectomy). Reduction in pain scores at 12th hourly and 24th hourly pain scores (<0.05) was significant. Tramadol usage decreased significantly with laparoscopic surgeries.Conclusions: In this study we could demonstrate that lornoxicam when used preemptively reduces the pain score slightly and reduces the requirement of post-operative analgesics significantly.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFEK SAMPING PENGGUNAAN GABAPENTIN PADA PASIEN NEUROPATI DIABETIK DI RSUP DR. WAHIDIN SUDIROHUSODO MAKASSAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Zhulhajsyirah Zhulhajsyirah ◽  
Elly Wahyudin ◽  
Jumriani Tammas
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Numerical Pain Rating Scale ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis efektivitas  penggunaan gabapentin  terhadap penurunan derajat nyeri pada  pasien neuropati diabetik di  RSUP Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar  yang diukur dengan menggunakan instrumen  Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) efek samping  penggunaan  gabapentin   pada  pasien neuropati diabetik di  RSUP DR. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Poliklinik Saraf dan Poliklinik Endokrin Instalasi Rawat Jalan RSUP DR. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar pada bulan april-juni 2018. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional non eksperimental dengan  desain penelitian  cros sectional. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan wawancara dan pengukuran skala nyeri pada pasien neuropati diabetik. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik uji Wicoxon Signed Ranks Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efek terapi gabapentin sebelum dan sesudah   pemberian pada 21 pasien neuropati diabetik menunjukkan adanya penurunan skala nyeri  dengan penurunan rata-rata sebesar 2,14 dengan nilai  p-value<0,05 yang berarti  berbeda secara signifikan dalam menurunkan nyeri neuropati. Sedangkan Efek Samping yang terjadi setelah pemberian gabapentin yaitu, mengantuk dan pusing 14%, mengantuk 29%, pusing 5% dan tidak mengalami efek samping 52%.

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