numeric pain rating scale
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2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-295
Author(s):  
Roland Prethipa P ◽  
Jimsha V K ◽  
Jonathan Daniel M

Pain intensity is a common outcome domain assessed in pain clinical trials. The patient’s self-report is the gold standard and it appears to be embedded in everyday clinical practice. Most often pain assessment is considered to be the cornerstone for ideal treatment.The aim of this study was to assess the dental patients’ level of pain using Full Cup Test (FCT) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and to compare and validate the Full Cup Test in the assessment of orofacial pain with Numeric Pain Rating Scale.A total of sixty patients presenting with various forms of orofacial pain were included in this cross-sectional study. Data collected include the patient demographic details and the diagnosis of each case was made after proper history taking, clinical examination and radiographic investigation. Pain assessment was done for each patient using both numeric pain rating scale and full cup test.All the data were analysed using inferential statistics Mann Whitney test and the analysis was carried out with SPSS 17.The comparison of mean pain scores using full cup test and numeric pain rating scale shows there was significant differences between acute and chronic pain with P- value of 0.023 and 0.005 respectively. FCT had shown 83 percent sensitivity and 94 percent specificity.Patients who presented with either acute or chronic dental conditions experienced moderate to severe level of pain. FCT is useful for both evaluating and discerning changes in pain and it can be used as a tool in pain assessment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1221
Author(s):  
Elisei Moise Hasan ◽  
Crenguta Livia Calma ◽  
Anca Tudor ◽  
Cristian Oancea ◽  
Voicu Tudorache ◽  
...  

Stress, anxiety, and post-surgical chest pain are common problems among patients with thoracic surgical pathology. The way in which psychological distress is managed—the coping style—can influence the postsurgical evolution and quality of life of patients. In our study, we monitored the influence of coping style on patients’ anxiety and the intensity of post-operative chest pain. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 90 subjects with thoracic surgical pathology. One month after their surgeries, patients completed the following scales and questionnaires, translated, adapted, and validated for the Romanian population: COPE scale inventory, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire, McGill Pain Questionnaire, and Numeric Pain Rating Scale. Anxiety (evaluated using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire) and postoperative thoracic pain intensity (evaluated by means of the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Number of Words Chosen, and McGill Pain Questionnaire) were significantly higher in patients exhibiting social-focused coping than in patients presenting emotion-focused or problem-focused coping as their main coping style (Kruskal–Wallis, p = 0.028, p = 0.022, p = 0.042, p = 0.007). In our study, there were no differences observed in pain intensity relative to level of anxiety. Coping style is an important concept in the management of anxiety and pain experienced by patients undergoing chest surgery. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach should be considered in clinical practice.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Priyanka Chauhan ◽  
Pooja Attrey ◽  
Anand Kumar Singh

Background: Mechanical neck pain (MNP) is the most common type of pain confined in the posterior aspect of neck, also known as nonspecific or simple neck pain affecting two thirds of the general population at some time in their lives. Prevalence: Neck pain is most common muscular skeletal condition affecting up to 70% of individual and 5% to 10% of adults having a disabling neck pain problem. Neck pain is more common in women than men. The prevalence of neck pain in the general population has been reported to be 15% for men and 23% for women. Objectives of the Study: To find out the effect of Post Isometric Relaxation (PIR) along with Deep Neck Flexor (DNF) exercises in reducing pain and disability and improving ROM in patient with sub-acute mechanical neck pain. To find out the effect of Deep Neck Flexor exercise alone in reducing pain and disability and improving ROM in patient with sub-acute mechanical neck pain. To compare whether Post Isometric Relaxation (PIR) along with Deep Neck Flexor exercises or Deep Neck Flexor exercises alone are effective in reducing pain and disability and improving ROM in patient with sub-acute mechanical neck pain Methods: Study included 30 patients with lateral epicondylitis between ages 30-50 years. The subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups: Group-A and Group-B. Group A (n = 15) was treated using Cyriax physiotherapy, group B (n = 15) was treated with movement with mobilization. Patients were treated for 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Outcome measures are NPRS (Numeric Pain Rating Scale) and DASH (The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand). Results: The results of the study indicate that there were highly statistically significant improvement in functional disability on NDI, cervical lateral flexion(Right & Left), rotation (Right & Left) ROM and reduction in pain on VAS in Group-A as compared to Group-B. There was no significant difference observed when the groups were compared for cervical flexion and extension ROM. Conclusion: From the result it is concluded that Post isometric relaxation with DNF exercise is effective in mechanical neck pain. Key words: Mechanical neck pain (MNP), Post Isometric Relaxation (PIR), Deep Neck Flexor (DNF) exercise.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Yumnun Nisak ◽  
Harnanik Nawangsari ◽  
Agustina Maunaturrohmah

Menstruasi merupakan perdarahan yang teratur dari uterus sebagai tanda bahwa organ kandungan telah berfungsi. Keluhan yang sering muncul pada saat menstruasi adalah nyeri haid (dismenore). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh abdominal stretching terhadap intensitas nyeri haid pada remaja putri di SMK kesehatan BIM Jombang. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Pra experimental One Group Pra Test – Post Test Design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua remaja putri yang mengalami nyeri haid (dismenore) dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 56 responden dengan teknik sampling cluster random sampling. Variabel independen latihan abdominal stretching dan variabel dependen intensitas nyeri haid pada remaja putri. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan instrument Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS ) sebelum dan sesudah pemberian latihan abdominal stretching. Pengolahan data dengan editing, koding, skoring, tabulating dan analisis dengan menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon dengan tingkat kesalahan alpha 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebelum diberikan latihan abdominal stretching hampir setengah responden mengalami nyeri sedang sebanyak 23 responden (41%) dan sesudah diberikan latihan abdominal stretching hampir setengah responden mengalami tidak nyeri sebanyak 24 responden (43%). Hasil uji Wilcoxon didapatkan nilai p = 0,000 lebih kecil dari alpha 0,05 sehingga H1 diterima. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah ada pengaruh latihan abdominal stretching terhadap intensitas nyeri haid pada remaja putri.


Author(s):  
Neeraj Kohli ◽  
Barry Jarnagin ◽  
Angela R Stoehr ◽  
Georgine Lamvu

Aim: This research is the first to evaluate the effectiveness of trans-vaginal photobiomodulation therapy (TV-PBMT) for chronic pelvic pain. Materials & methods: Observational analysis of 128 women, undergoing TV-PBMT for chronic pelvic pain. Minimal Clinically Important Difference, defined as ≥2-point drop on a 0–10 numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), and effect size Cohen d coefficient, was calculated over nine treatments for overall pain, and pain with activities. Results: Compared with baseline, 64.5% of women showed improvement in overall pain, pain with bowel movement, intercourse, exercise, urination, sitting and vulvar pain (Minimal Clinically Important Difference = -2.4, -2.0, -2.4, -2.1, -2.1, -2.0, -3.1; d = 0.9, 0.7, 0.9, 0.7, 0.7, 0.7, 0.9) by treatment 9. Conclusion: In this cohort, TV-PBMT resulted in improvement of pelvic pain without serious adverse events.


2021 ◽  
pp. 2150019
Author(s):  
Andriana Koufogianni ◽  
Asimakis K. Kanellopoulos ◽  
Konstantinos Vassis ◽  
Ioannis A. Poulis

Design: Cross-sectional study. Background: Osteoarthritis is one of the most common conditions in our society. A growing number of studies suggest the existence of central sensitization (CS) in a subgroup of osteoarthritic patients. One of the criteria included for the classification of CS pain is the expanded distribution of pain. As this criterion is a well-recognized sign of CS, a digital pain drawing (DPD) analysis would be useful to easily identify possible extended areas of pain distribution (PD) in patients with OA. Objective: To study the relationship between the percentage of distribution of pain in the lower limb for both knee and hip, in patients before hip or knee arthroplasty, and the Central Sensitization Inventory Questionnaire. Methods: Twenty women (mean [Formula: see text] years) with diagnosed chronic (over 3 months) knee ([Formula: see text]) and hip ([Formula: see text]) OA participated in the study, with intensity of pain from mild to severe, meaning pain [Formula: see text]/10 using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). The PD was analyzed via software created for this research, called “Pain Distribution Application”. Results: A statistically significant positive correlation between CSI and PD to the lower extremity OA (hip and knee) ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) was found. The distribution of pain has a linear correlation with the results in CSI, of patients who tested positive for CS, i.e. with a score of [Formula: see text]. Conclusions: As the distribution of pain on the surface of the body (diffusion) increases, so does the score of people who test positive for CSI. Our results showed that calculating the distribution of pain with our application may have a utility as a CS screening tool. The PD threshold of 10% of the body area is an index for CS for chronic pain lower limb OA patients.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
Nida Waheed ◽  
Muhammad Amir ◽  
Rabia Noureen ◽  
Sumaira Nawaz ◽  
Raza Zaidi Syeda Wajeeha

Introduction. A huge literature is available regarding the efficacy of various physiotherapy techniques for neck pain (NP), however, comparative study is still in scarcity. Therefore, this study aimed to compare effectiveness of stretching exercises versus manual mobilization techniques in the management of NP. Material and method. A randomized controlled trial parallel-group design study was conducted on the patients suffering from NP. Participants with the history of NP, aged between 19 to 60 years, NP without radiculopathy, and no history of trauma were included in the study. Two outcome measures were used i.e., Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and neck pain disability index (NDI) questionnaire. Two groups were equally divided had twenty-five patients each. Group A received cervical stretching with strengthening exercises as home-treatment program and group B received manual mobilization with strengthening exercises as home-treatment program. Six sessions were given on alternate basis and assessed pre- and post-treatment information of all patients. Results and discussions. Independent sample t-test was run to compare the post difference between stretching exercises and manual mobilization at 95% confidence interval (p<0.05). The Post NPRS difference between the groups shows no significant improvement (p=0.32). Similarly no significant difference was found in post NDI Disability (p=0.57). Therefore, both the treatment strategies are equally effective in improving NP and disability. Conclusions. This clinical trial concluded that stretching or manual mobilization is equally effective to reduce pain and disability. Hence, improve the quality of life in neck pain survivors. Keywords: Manual Mobilization Technique, Neck Pain, , Neck Pain Disability Index Questionnaire, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Range of Motion, Stretching Exercises,


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2442-2444
Author(s):  
Nighat Nasrullah Khan ◽  
Saima Riaz ◽  
Rehan Ramzan Khan ◽  
Hira Mannan ◽  
Sobia Ghafoor ◽  
...  

Objective: To compare the effects of aerobics and core stability exercises for the management of primary dysmenorrhea. Methodology: The study design was quasi-experimental, conducted in Yahya gym, Lahore, from February 2019 to July 2019. The sampling technique employed was non-probability convenient sampling with a sample size of 42 females within 18-30 years who had primary dysmenorrhea. The subjects were assigned into two groups. Group A was treated with aerobic exercises, while Group B was treated with core stability exercises with eight weeks workout plan and the results of three menstrual cycles were recorded. Stretching maneuvers were added as a standard treatment to both groups. Data were collected after 12 weeks and recorded for three menstrual cycles. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was used to measure pain intensity. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS v.25. Results: Mean age of group A vs. group B participants was 25.23 ±2.64 vs. 21.38±3.41 years respectively. Mean BMI score of group A participants was 21.38±2.14 while for group B participants mean BMI score was 21.65±1.99 Kg/m2. Conclusion: This study concludes that both aerobic exercises and core stability exercises are effective to reduce the intensity of pain in primary dysmenorrhea. However aerobic exercises showed relatively better results in term of mean difference of NPRS score across both groups. Keywords: Menstruation, Primary dysmenorrhea, Exercise, Pain.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Gunjot Arora ◽  
Prasuna Jelly ◽  
Rajlaxmi Mundhra ◽  
Rakesh Sharma

Introduction: Ineffective breastfeeding techniques is one of the factors contributing to poor breastfeeding outcomes in post-cesarean mothers. To assist post-cesarean mothers to find a comfortable breastfeeding position, a trial was conducted to compare different positions of breastfeeding in these individuals. Methods: A randomized clinical parallel trial was carried out on primipara post-cesarean mothers admitted to All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. Participants were enrolled by convenience sampling technique, which was further randomized (block size= 4) and allocated to receive either "L" shape (n= 30) or side-lying (n= 30) position for breastfeeding. The assigned intervention was provided at least six times a day for four consecutive days. Data were collected using breastfeeding assessment Tool, maternal breastfeeding evaluation scale and numeric pain rating scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Results: The baseline characteristics of participants in both groups were similar. The mean comparison of breastfeeding outcome and maternal satisfaction indicated no significant difference between the two positions. However, the mean scores of maternal pain were statistically significant. Hence, it was inferred that the maternal pain was significantly less in post-cesarean mothers in "L" shape compared to side-lying. Conclusion: There is significantly less pain in post-cesarean mothers during breastfeeding in "L" shape than side-lying. Furthermore, maternal satisfaction and breastfeeding outcomes were found to be similar in both positions.


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