107 Change in Surface Profile of Pure Titanium Specimen during Tension Using Digital Holographic Microscope

Titanium surface was covered with thin layers of titanium monocarbo-nitride, Ti(C,N) and nitrogen-rich a-titanium, after a titanium specimen was heat-treated at a temperature between 1388 and 1573 K in a graphite cup in an atmosphere of pure nitrogen. The total thickness of those layers increased in accordance with the parabolic law when both temperature and time of the heat treatment increased. The parabolic rate constants was described as k = 4.83 × 10-6 exp (-178000/RT)m2/s using Arrhenius’ equation. Vickers hardness of the Ti(C, N) layer remained at approximately 2000 but that of the a-titanium layer gradually decreased from 1500 to 500, as the distance from the surface increased. The carbo-nitridetreated titanium exhibited excellent resistances in wear and corrosion compared with those of pure titanium.

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Grain Refinement in Titanium-Erbium Alloys

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100052626 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 522-523

Author(s):

B. B. Rath ◽

J. E. O'Neal ◽

R. J. Lederich

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Grain Refinement ◽

Grain Growth ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Systematic Investigation ◽

Second Phase ◽

Titanium Matrix ◽

Average Size

Addition of small amounts of erbium has a profound effect on recrystallization and grain growth in titanium. Erbium, because of its negligible solubility in titanium, precipitates in the titanium matrix as a finely dispersed second phase. The presence of this phase, depending on its average size, distribution, and volume fraction in titanium, strongly inhibits the migration of grain boundaries during recrystallization and grain growth, and thus produces ultimate grains of sub-micrometer dimensions. A systematic investigation has been conducted to study the isothermal grain growth in electrolytically pure titanium and titanium-erbium alloys (Er concentration ranging from 0-0.3 at.%) over the temperature range of 450 to 850°C by electron microscopy.

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Nuclear Reactions in Deuterium Titanium

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100134260 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 134-135

Author(s):

D.M. Vanderwalker

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Reactions ◽

Ion Beam ◽

Exothermic Reaction ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Fundamental Interest ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Iodide Titanium ◽

A Cell ◽

After Hours ◽

Quantity Of Heat

There is a fundamental interest in electrochemical fusion of deuterium in palladium and titanium since its supposed discovery by Fleischmann and Pons. Their calorimetric experiments reveal that a large quantity of heat is released by Pd after hours in a cell, suggesting fusion occurs. They cannot explain fusion by force arguments, nor can it be an exothermic reaction on the formation of deuterides because a smaller quantity of heat is released. This study examines reactions of deuterium in titanium.Both iodide titanium and 99% pure titanium samples were encapsulated in vacuum tubes, annealed for 2h at 800 °C. The Ti foils were charged with deuterium in a D2SO4 D2O solution at a potential of .45V with respect to a calomel reference junction. Samples were ion beam thinned for transmission electron microscopy. The TEM was performed on the JEOL 200CX.The structure of D charged titanium is α-Ti with hexagonal and fee deuterides.

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Rubber–Road Contact: Comparison of Physics-Based Theory and Indoor Experiments

Tire Science and Technology ◽

10.2346/tire.16.440303 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 150-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mehran Motamedi ◽

Saied Taheri ◽

Corina Sandu

Keyword(s):

Rough Surface ◽

Practical Importance ◽

Surface Profile ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Friction Model ◽

Rubber Friction ◽

Optical Profilometer ◽

Viscoelastic Modulus ◽

Longitudinal Slip

ABSTRACT For tire designers, rubber friction is a topic of pronounced practical importance. Thus, development of a rubber–road contact model is of great interest. In this research, to predict the effectiveness of the tread compound in a tire as it interacts with the pavement, the physics-based multiscale rubber-friction theories developed by B. Persson and M. Klüppel were studied. The strengths of each method were identified and incorporated into a consolidated model that is more comprehensive and proficient than any single, existing, physics-based approach. In the present work, the friction coefficient was estimated for a summer tire tread compound sliding on sandpaper. The inputs to the model were the fractal properties of the rough surface and the dynamic viscoelastic modulus of rubber. The sandpaper-surface profile was measured accurately using an optical profilometer. Two-dimensional parameterization was performed using one-dimensional profile measurements. The tire tread compound was characterized via dynamic mechanical analysis. To validate the friction model, a laboratory-based, rubber-friction test that could measure the friction between a rubber sample and any arbitrary rough surface was designed and built. The apparatus consisted of a turntable, which can have the surface characteristics of choice, and a rubber wheel in contact with the turntable. The wheel speed, as well as the turntable speed, could be controlled precisely to generate the arbitrary values of longitudinal slip at which the dynamic coefficient of friction was measured. The correlation between the simulation and the experimental results was investigated.

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RMI 0.2% Pd

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ti0074 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 28 (12) ◽

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Crevice Corrosion ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Low Ph ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Bend Strength ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Minimum Yield

Abstract RMI 0.2% Pd is a grade of commercially pure titanium to which up to 0.2% palladium has been added. It has a guaranteed minimum yield strength of 40,000 psi with good ductility and formability. It is recommended for corrosion resistance in the chemical industry and other places where the environment is mildly reducing or varies between oxidizing and reducing. The alloy has improved resistance to crevice corrosion at low pH and elevated temperatures. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and bend strength. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Ti-74. Producer or source: RMI Company.

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UPM CP TITANIUM GRADE 3 (UNS R50550)

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ti0167 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Continuous Service ◽

Pure Grade ◽

Grade 3 ◽

Titanium Grade ◽

Design Stress

Abstract UPM CP Titanium Grade 3 (UNS R50550) is an unalloyed commercially pure titanium that exhibits moderate strength (higher strength than that of Titanium Grade 2), along with excellent formability and corrosion resistance. It offers the highest ASME allowable design stress of any commercially pure grade of titanium, and can be used in continuous service up to 425 °C (800 °F) and in intermittent service up to 540 °C (1000 °F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-167. Producer or source: United Performance Metals.

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