The Use of Winter Annual Legume Cover Crops in a Wheat-Grain Sorghum Rotation in South Central Kansas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of planting alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with- and without cover crops on forage dry matter yield and nutritive values of alfalfa in Kansas, USA. In the first production year 2014, dry matter yield of mono-culture alfalfa appears to be compatible or even higher than planting with certain species of winter annual forages as a cover crop. Alfalfa planted with a combination of four different multi-species winter annual forages such as oats (Avena sativa L.), oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorumL.), and turnip (Brassica rapa L.) had the highest dry matter yield of alfalfa in 2014.Dry matter yield of alfalfa in 2nd production year 2015 was similar to alfalfa + oats and alfalfa + oats + oilseed radish + annual ryegrass + turnip or significantly higher than alfalfa planted with annual ryegrass, oilseed radish, and turnip together. Based on two year of data in 2014 and 2015, the highest alfalfa yield occurred when alfalfa was planted with a combination of oats, oilseed radish, annual ryegrass, and turnip. The lowest dry matter yield of alfalfa occurred when alfalfa was planted with annual ryegrass.No significant differences in crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were found when comparing alfalfa monoculture with alfalfa + oats, alfalfa + oilseed radish, alfalfa + oats + oilseed radish + annual ryegrass + turnip, and alfalfa + turnip treatments. When considering both dry matter and nutritive values of alfalfa, planting alfalfa with cover crops appears to be compatible or better practice than planting alfalfa monoculture.

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Legume Cover Crops with Winter Cereals in Southern Manitoba

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj2001.9351086x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 93 (5) ◽

pp. 1086-1096 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Joanne R. Thiessen Martens ◽

Jeff W. Hoeppner ◽

Martin H. Entz

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Winter Cereals ◽

Legume Cover Crops

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Influence of legume cover crops and conservation tillage on soil populations of selected fungal genera

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m88-038 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 201-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C. S. Rothrock ◽

W. L. Hargrove

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Field Studies ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Crimson Clover ◽

Legume Cover Crops ◽

Legume Cover Crop

The influence of winter legume cover crops and of tillage on soil populations of fungal genera containing plant pathogenic species in the subsequent summer sorghum crop were examined in field studies. Legume cover crops significantly increased populations of Pythium spp. throughout the sorghum crop compared with a rye cover crop or no cover crop. This stimulation of the populations of Pythium spp. was not solely due to colonization of cover-crop residue, as populations were significantly greater at the time the legume cover crop was desiccated. Removal of aboveground residue generally decreased populations of Pythium spp. in soil. Incorporation of residue by tillage increased populations of Pythium spp. at some sampling dates. Legumes differed in the magnitude of stimulation, with hairy vetch stimulating Pythium spp. more than crimson clover. Cover crop treatments did not consistently influence soil populations of Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizoctonia-like binucleate fungi, or Macrophomina phaseolina. Macrophomina phaseolina populations were significantly greater under no tillage.

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Enzymatic activity and mineralization of carbon and nitrogen in soil cultivated with coffee and green manures

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832010000500010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 1573-1583 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Elcio Liborio Balota ◽

Julio César Dias Chaves

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

N Mineralization ◽

Urease Activity ◽

Tree Canopy ◽

C And N Mineralization ◽

Legume Cover Crops ◽

C And N ◽

Coffee Plants

There are great concerns about degradation of agricultural soils. It has been suggested that cultivating different plant species intercropped with coffee plants can increase microbial diversity and enhance soil sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate enzyme activity (urease, arylsulfatase and phosphatase) and alterations in C and N mineralization rates as related to different legume cover crops planted between rows of coffee plants. Soil samples were collected in a field experiment conducted for 10 years in a sandy soil in the North of Paraná State, Brazil. Samples were collected from the 0-10 cm layer, both from under the tree canopy and in-between rows in the following treatments: control, Leucaena leucocephala, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria breviflora, Mucuna pruriens, Mucuna deeringiana, Arachis hypogaea and Vigna unguiculata. The soil was sampled in four stages of legume cover crops: pre-planting (September), after planting (November), flowering stage (February) and after plant residue incorporation (April), from 1997 to 1999. The green manure species influenced soil enzyme activity (urease, arylsulfatase and phosphatase) and C and N mineralization rates, both under the tree canopy and in-between rows. Cultivation of Leucaena leucocephala increased acid phosphatase and arilsulfatase activity and C and N mineralization both under the tree canopy and in-between rows. Intercropped L. leucocephala increased urease activity under the tree canopy while C. breviflora increased urease activity in-between rows.

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Green house studies on the biology of winter annual grasses and the use of cover crops and herbicides for their control

Agronomy Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ajn.v2i0.7529 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 139-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

JD Ranjit ◽

R Bellinder ◽

C Benidict ◽

V Kumar

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Biological Study ◽

Cornell University ◽

Green House ◽

Annual Grasses ◽

Winter Annual ◽

Preemergence Herbicides

Greenhouse studies were initiated in two small (Polypogon fugox) and large (Phalaris minor) seeded annual grasses in 2007 at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA. These two annual grasses were very common in wheat fields of midhills and terai regions of Nepal. P fugox was taken for biological study. Days to emergence took 8-11 days in green house. Early emerged panicles were longer than those emerged late. Panicle took 10-12 days to emerge completely from the flag leaf. Panicles per plant were 120. Seeds were very small having about 1091 seeds per panicle. So one fully matured plant could produce seeds about 130920. Study on eco-biology needs to continue in the future. P fugox and P minor responded differently to buckwheat residues. Among different treatments emergence and growth of both weeds were suppressed more by buckwheat residues when left on the surface than incorporated. P minor was less affected by buckwheat residues. It might be due to larger seed compared to P fugox. Post emergence herbicides clodinofop and pinoxaden were effective on both grasses. Isoproturon and tralkoxydim were effective on P fugox. Sulfosulfuron was good in reducing plant growth to some extent. Preemergence herbicides pendimethalin and s-metolochlor were effective in reducing emergence and growth of both weeds. Isoproturon and and sulfosulfuron suppressed plant growth reducing dry plant biomass. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v2i0.7529 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 2: 2011 pp.139-148

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Evaluation of Chemical Termination Options for Cover Crops

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2017.113 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 227-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Matheus G. Palhano ◽

Jason K. Norsworthy ◽

Tom Barber

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Crop Acreage ◽

Potential Cost ◽

Cereal Rye ◽

Crimson Clover ◽

Legume Cover Crops ◽

And Control

AbstractCover crop acreage has substantially increased over the last few years due to the intent of growers to capitalize on federal conservation payments and incorporate sustainable practices into agricultural systems. Despite all the known benefits, widespread adoption of cover crops still remains limited due to potential cost and management requirements. Cover crop termination is crucial, because a poorly controlled cover crop can become a weed and lessen the yield potential of the current cash crop. A field study was conducted in fall 2015 and 2016 at the Arkansas Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Fayetteville to evaluate preplant herbicide options for terminating cover crops. Glyphosate-containing treatments controlled 97% to 100% of cereal rye and wheat, but glyphosate alone controlled less than 57% of legume cover crops. The most effective way to control hairy vetch, Austrian winterpea, and crimson clover with glyphosate resulted from mixtures of glyphosate with glufosinate, 2,4-D, and dicamba. Higher rates of auxin herbicides improved control in these mixtures. Glufosinate alone or in mixture controlled legume cover crops 81% or more. Paraquat plus metribuzin was effective in terminating both cereal and legume cover crops, with control of cereal cover crops ranging from 87% to 97% and control of legumes ranging from 90% to 96%. None of these herbicides or mixtures adequately controlled rapeseed.

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Feasibility of Non-irrigated Soybean (Glycine max) Production in the Semi-arid Central Great Plains

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00028256 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 369-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gail A. Wicks ◽

Robert N. Klein

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Great Plains ◽

The United States ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Production Costs ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

No Till ◽

Wheat Stubble ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid

We conducted research to determine if soybeans can be grown successfully in a no-till environment, in the semi-arid areas of the central Great Plains near North Platte, NE. Soybeans planted no-till into winter wheat stubble that was sprayed with glyphosate yielded more than when planted into soil that was rototilled in a winter wheat-soybean-fallow rotation. However, grain yield averaged only 420 kg ha-1during 1975, 1976, and 1977. No-till soybean grown in a winter wheat-grain sorghum-soybean rotation during 1982 through 1985 yielded an average of 1370 kg ha-1. Low yields were associated with lack of precipitation during the fallow period after winter wheat harvest or grain sorghum harvest and during the soybean pod elongation and filling period. Several herbicides gave excellent weed control in soybeans when applied either after wheat harvest, early preplant, or at planting time. None of the herbicides persisted long enough to reduce grain yields of winter wheat planted into the soybean residue. With present production costs these nonirrigated rotations are not economical in the semi-arid region of the central Great Plains of the United States.

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