scholarly journals Effect of Drupe size Grading on in Vivo and in Vitro Germination and its Dormancy Mechanism of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. F)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-683
Author(s):  
Poomaruthai Masilamani ◽  
Venugopal Rajanbabu ◽  
Subramanian Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Large Size ◽  
True Seed ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Filling Capacity

The effect of drupe size on in vivo and in vitro germination and its dormancy mechanism in teak have been studied in this paper. Teak drupes were size graded to five categories namely very large with more than 15 mm, large with 13 to <15 mm, medium with 11 to <13 mm, small with 9 to <11 mm and very small with less than 9 mm of diameter. Under in vivo pot culture condition very low germination percent of drupes was observed. It was observed that very large size drupe had highest 100 drupe weight, 100 true seed weight and seed filling capacity, but it was negatively correlated with in vivo germination of teak drupes. When true seeds isolated from the drupes were grown under in vitro condition in half strength MS medium the germination percent was significantly increased up to 54.1. True seeds obtained from small size graded drupes recorded highest germination per cent in MS media. This showed that the drupe size did not play major role in the germination and early growth in teak. Very small size graded drupes have low seed filling capacity, and it leads to decrease the germination percent. Poor germination of drupes showed the presence of mechanical and physiological dormancy in drupes. Similarly, the presence of morphological and embryo dormancy in teak may limit the true seed germination potential to 54.1 per cent. In addition, in vitro germination of true seeds will be a promising approach to obtain large number of saplings in teak.

Patterns of dormancy and germination in teak seeds collected from the farmland and forest plantations in Tamil Nadu, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
Poomaruthai Masilamani ◽  
◽  
Venugopal Rajanbabu ◽  
Arumugam Alagesan ◽  
Velanganni Albert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
True Seed ◽  
Half Strength

In-vivo and in-vitro germination trials were done on the teak (Tectona grandis) seeds collected from a farmland and forest plantation in Tamil Nadu. Under in-vivo pot culture condition very low germination percent of drupes was observed in seed collected from plantation(Top slip) and famrland (Kumulur). When true seeds isolated from the drupes were grown under in vitro condition in half strength MS medium, the germination percent was significantly increased up to 63.3 per cent. True seed germination among two teak sources showed the presence of mechanical dormancy which was a major limiting factor for poor drupe germination for deployment of superior genetic materials.

scholarly journals Morphological aspects of fruits, seeds, seedlings and in vivo and in vitro germination of species of the genus Cleome

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Carvalho de Castro ◽  
Claudia Simões-Gurgel ◽  
Ivan Gonçalves Ribeiro ◽  
Marsen Garcia Pinto Coelho ◽  
Norma Albarello
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Cleome Spinosa ◽  
The Tropics

The genus Cleome is widely distributed in drier areas of the tropics and subtropics. Cleome dendroides and C. rosea are Brazilian native species that occur mainly in Atlantic Forest and sandy coastal plains, respectively ecosystems negatively affected by human impacts. Cleome spinosa is frequently found in urban areas. Many Cleome species have been used in traditional medicine, as C. spinosa. In the present work, was investigated C. dendroides, C. rosea and C. spinosa germinative behavior under in vivo conditions, as well as was established suitable conditions to in vitro germination and seedling development. The in vivo germination was performed evaluating the influence of temperature, substrate and light. It was observed that only C. spinosa seeds presents physiological dormancy, which was overcome by using alternate temperatures. The substrate influenced significantly the germination of C. rosea and the seeds of C. dendroides showed the highest germination percentages in the different conditions evaluated. The post-seminal development stages under in vivo and in vitro conditions were defined. It was observed that the development was faster under in vitro than in vivo conditions. An effective methodology for in vitro germination, enabling the providing of material to experiment on plant tissue culture was established to C. dendroides and C. spinosa.

Mouse models to study von Willebrand factor structure-function relationships in vivo

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Marx ◽  
I. Badirou ◽  
R. Pendu ◽  
O. Christophe ◽  
C. V. Denis
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Transient Expression ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Mouse Hepatocytes ◽  
Function Relationship ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

SummaryVon Willebrand factor (VWF) structure-function relationship has been studied only through in vitro approaches. The VWF-deficient mouse model has been extremely useful to examine the in vivo function of VWF but does not allow a more subtle analysis of the relative importance of its different domains. However, considering the large size of VWF and its capacity to interact with various ligands in order to support platelet adhesion and aggregation, the necessity to evaluate independently these interactions appeared increasingly crucial. A recently developed technique, known as hydrodynamic injection, which allows transient expression of a transgene by mouse hepatocytes, proved very useful in this regard. Indeed, transient expression of various VWF mutants in VWF-deficient mice contributed to improve our knowledge about the role of VWF interaction with subendothelial collagens and with platelets receptors in VWF roles in haemostasis and thrombosis. These findings can provide new leads in the development of anti-thrombotic therapies.

scholarly journals In vitro multiplication, micromorphological studies and ex vitro rooting of Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell. – a rare medicinal plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat ◽  
M. Manokari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Culture Bottle ◽  
Hybanthus Enneaspermus ◽  
Half Strength

AbstractHybanthus enneaspermusis a rare medicinal plant. We defined a protocol for micropropagation,ex vitrorooting of cloned shoots and their acclimatization. Surface-sterilized nodal segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (Kin). Medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1BAP was found optimum for shoot induction from the explants and 6.4±0.69 shoots were regenerated from each node with 97% response. Shoots were further proliferated maximally (228±10.3 shoots per culture bottle with 7.5±0.43 cm length) on MS medium augmented with 1.0 mg L−1each of BAP and Kin within 4–5 weeks. The shoots were rootedin vitroon half strength MS medium containing 2.0 mg L−1indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). The cloned shoots were pulse-treated with 300 mg L–1 of IBA and cultured on soilrite® in a greenhouse. About 96% of the IBA-pulsed shoots rootedex vitroin soilrite®, each shoot producing 12.5±0.54 roots with 5.1±0.62 cm length. Theex vitrorooted plantlets showed a better rate of survival (92%) in a field study thanin vitrorooted plantlets (86%). A comparative foliar micromorphological study ofH. enneaspermuswas conducted to understand the micromorphological changes during plant developmental processes fromin vitrotoin vivoconditions in terms of variations in stomata, vein structures and spacing, and trichomes. This is the first report onex vitrorooting inH. enneaspermusand the protocol can be exploited for conservation and large-scale propagation of this rare and medicinally important plant.

scholarly journals A Unique ‘Chain Tree’ Bauhinia (Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae) from Pagerwunung Darupono Conservation Park, Central Java, Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Lianah Lianah
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Conservation Park ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Unique Species

A tree species having a unique stem morphology has been found to grow at Sam Poo Kong temple, Gunung Batu, Semarang city, and at Pager Wunung  Darupono Conservation Park, Central Java, about 30 km away from the temple. Based on plant key reference identification the name of this tree species is Bauhinia scandens Willd, a liana from Leguminosae family. This species has a local name of ‘pohon rantai’ due to the chain shape of the stems. It flowered in August and the fruits matured in October. In vitro germination of the seeds collected from the Conservation Park was not successful and only one out of 30 seeds germinated in vivo after 12 weeks. Further studies should be conducted on conservation and propagation of this unique species.

scholarly journals Adjustment of Mineral Elements in the Culture Medium for the Micropropagation of Three Vriesea Bromeliads from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: The Importance of Calcium

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Noemí Aranda-Peres ◽  
Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres ◽  
Edson Namita Higashi ◽  
Adriana Pinheiro Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Media Formulation ◽  
Half Strength

Many different species of Bromeliaceae are endangered and their conservation requires specific knowledge of their growth habits and propagation. In vitro culture of bromeliads is an important method for efficient clonal propagation and in vitro seed germination can be used to maintain genetic variability. The present work aims to evaluate the in vitro growth and nutrient concentration in leaves of the epiphyte bromeliads Vriesea friburguensis Mez, Vriesea hieroglyphica (Carrière) E. Morren, and Vriesea unilateralis Mez, which exhibit slow rates of growth in vivo and in vitro. Initially, we compared the endogenous mineral composition of bromeliad plantlets grown in half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and the mineral composition considered adequate in the literature. This approach suggested that calcium (Ca) is a critical nutrient and this was considered for new media formulation. Three new culture media were defined in which the main changes to half-strength MS medium were an increase in Ca, magnesium, sulfur, copper, and chloride and a decrease in iron, maintaining the nitrate:ammonium rate at ≈2:1. The main difference among the three new media formulated was Ca concentration, which varied from 1.5 mm in half-strength MS to 3.0, 6.0, and 12 mm in M2, M3, and M4 media, respectively. Consistently, all three species exhibited significantly higher fresh and dry weight on M4, the newly defined medium with the highest level of Ca (12 mm). Leaf nitrogen, potassium, zinc, magnesium, and boron concentrations increased as Ca concentration in the medium increased from 1.5 to 12 mm.

scholarly journals Phenotypic aberrations during micropropagation of Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) Adr. Juss

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishore Kumar CHIRUVELLA ◽  
Arifullah MOHAMMED ◽  
Rama Gopal GHANTA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Shoot Necrosis

Like most of the medicinal plants Soymida febrifuga (Meliaceae) possess significance for its valuable secondary metabolites. Multiplication of this endemic plant is limited by difficulty in rooting of stem cuttings, high seedling mortality rates and low seed viability period. Hence efficient protocols for in vitro mass propagation has been established from field grown and aseptic seedlings explants. Strikingly, we observed aberrant structures such as vitrified shoots, faciated shoots, albino shoots as well shoot necrosis during its micropropagation. These phenotypic maladies were observed during organogenesis and rooting. Compared to other abnormalities, shoot necrosis nonetheless was frequent and pronounced leading to plant death. Shoots when subjected to rooting also displayed necrosis which was controlled by transferring to MS medium containing various concentrations and combinations of calcium levels, activated charcoal, glucose, fructose and auxins. Microshoots initiated roots on half strength MS medium with IBA and IAA individually or in combination within two weeks. MS half strength solid medium supplemented with CAN (556 mg l–1), CAP (1.0 mg l–1), IAA (2.0 mg l–1) and IBA (2.0 mg l–1) in combination was found to be more efficient in showing high frequency (95%) of root regeneration. Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened and 70-85% of regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized to natural environment. In vitro derived plantlets were morphologically similar to in vivo plants.

IN VIVO STUDIES ON RED CELLS AND PLATELETS STORED IN HALFSTRENGTH CITRATE

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Prewse ◽  
K Bell ◽  
B Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Survival Studies ◽  
Cellular Components

We have previously shown that donation of blood into anticoagulants containing half the normal amount of citrate results in a dramatic improvement in the stability of coagulation factor VIII and has no adverse effect on the in vitro qualities of red cells or platelets during storage. To confirm the viability of stored cellular components we are now performing autologous survival studies in healthy volunteers using radiolabelled cells from red cells and platelets stored for 35 and 5 days respectively. Results to date indicate a 24 hour survival of 80% for red cells stored at a haematocrit of 0.70 for 35 days. Infusion of Ill-In oxine labelled platelets after storage for 5 days in full or half-strength citrate gave recoveries of 40% and survivals of 7 days. These encouraging results suggest use of halfstrength citrate may be a route to increasing factor VIII supply without any additional donor recruitment. Further in vitro studies have also been performed on cellular components and reveal adequate in vitro quality for half-strength citrate blood held at room temperature for 20 hours prior to component preparation.

scholarly journals Improved micropropagation and foliar micromorphological studies in Turnera ulmifolia L. – An important medicinal plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mani Manokari ◽  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Turnera Ulmifolia ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Abstract The present study reports an efficient in vitro propagation system for Turnera ulmifolia using nodal segments as explants. Turnera ulmifolia (Passifloraceae) is an important garden plant with multipotent medicinal values. Effective shoot proliferation was achieved on agar gelled MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962). The maximum number of shoots (8.3 ± 0.57) per initial explant was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 8.88 mM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.54 mM of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The highest number of shoots (59.5 ± 2.10) proliferated on semi-solid MS medium (with agar) augmented with 2.22 mM of BAP and 2.32 mM of kinetin (Kin) along with 0.54 mM of NAA. Longer (4-5 cm) and healthy shoots were rooted (12.0 ± 0.10 roots per shoot) on half-strength MS medium fortified with 9.84 mM of indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). The in vitro regenerated plantlets were hardened in the greenhouse and transferred to the field. Significant developmental changes were observed in the foliar micromorphology of in vitro raised plantlets when these were transferred to the field. The stomatal index was gradually reduced (26.72 to 21.25) in the leaves from in vitro to field environments. But, vein-islets and veinlet terminations (13.4 and 7.6) were increased (39.7 and 18.4) respectively from in vitro to in vivo grown plants. Simple, unicellular, less frequent and underdeveloped trichomes were observed with the leaves of in vitro plants but fully developed trichomes recorded in the field transferred plants. The study could help in understanding the response and adaptation of tissue culture raised plantlets towards changed environmental conditions.

scholarly journals The effect of insulin and glucocorticoids on the synthesis and degradation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) in rat adipose tissue cultured in vitro

1976 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Meyuhas ◽  
L Reshef ◽  
F J Ballard ◽  
R W Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Large Size ◽  
A Value ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

1. Epididymal adipose tissue from the rat was maintained in culture for periods of up to 96h. 2. After an initial decrease in protein synthesis during the first 24h of culture, the adipose tissue recovered its capacity to synthesize and accumulate proteins of a relatively large size. 3. The activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase decreased in a parallel manner, but increased again after 24h of incubation of the tissue in culture, to a value twice that noted in the tissue in vivo. This increase in enzyme activity was due to an increase in its rate of synthesis. 4. Both insulin and dexamethasone (9alpha-fluoro-16alpha-methyl-11beta,17,-21-trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione) inhibited phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase synthesis, but dexamethasone also decreased total protein synthesis. 5. The half-life of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in adipose tissue cultured in vitro was 5-7h and was not altered by insulin or dexamethasone. 6. It is concluded that both insulin and glucocroticoids lower the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in rat adipose tissue by decreasing its rate of synthesis.

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