Morphological aspects of fruits, seeds, seedlings and in vivo and in vitro germination of species of the genus Cleome

The genus Cleome is widely distributed in drier areas of the tropics and subtropics. Cleome dendroides and C. rosea are Brazilian native species that occur mainly in Atlantic Forest and sandy coastal plains, respectively ecosystems negatively affected by human impacts. Cleome spinosa is frequently found in urban areas. Many Cleome species have been used in traditional medicine, as C. spinosa. In the present work, was investigated C. dendroides, C. rosea and C. spinosa germinative behavior under in vivo conditions, as well as was established suitable conditions to in vitro germination and seedling development. The in vivo germination was performed evaluating the influence of temperature, substrate and light. It was observed that only C. spinosa seeds presents physiological dormancy, which was overcome by using alternate temperatures. The substrate influenced significantly the germination of C. rosea and the seeds of C. dendroides showed the highest germination percentages in the different conditions evaluated. The post-seminal development stages under in vivo and in vitro conditions were defined. It was observed that the development was faster under in vitro than in vivo conditions. An effective methodology for in vitro germination, enabling the providing of material to experiment on plant tissue culture was established to C. dendroides and C. spinosa.

Download Full-text

Effect of Drupe size Grading on in Vivo and in Vitro Germination and its Dormancy Mechanism of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. F)

Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia ◽

10.13005/bbra/2871 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 673-683

Author(s):

Poomaruthai Masilamani ◽

Venugopal Rajanbabu ◽

Subramanian Venkatesan

Keyword(s):

Tectona Grandis ◽

In Vitro Germination ◽

Seed Filling ◽

Large Size ◽

True Seed ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Half Strength ◽

Filling Capacity

The effect of drupe size on in vivo and in vitro germination and its dormancy mechanism in teak have been studied in this paper. Teak drupes were size graded to five categories namely very large with more than 15 mm, large with 13 to <15 mm, medium with 11 to <13 mm, small with 9 to <11 mm and very small with less than 9 mm of diameter. Under in vivo pot culture condition very low germination percent of drupes was observed. It was observed that very large size drupe had highest 100 drupe weight, 100 true seed weight and seed filling capacity, but it was negatively correlated with in vivo germination of teak drupes. When true seeds isolated from the drupes were grown under in vitro condition in half strength MS medium the germination percent was significantly increased up to 54.1. True seeds obtained from small size graded drupes recorded highest germination per cent in MS media. This showed that the drupe size did not play major role in the germination and early growth in teak. Very small size graded drupes have low seed filling capacity, and it leads to decrease the germination percent. Poor germination of drupes showed the presence of mechanical and physiological dormancy in drupes. Similarly, the presence of morphological and embryo dormancy in teak may limit the true seed germination potential to 54.1 per cent. In addition, in vitro germination of true seeds will be a promising approach to obtain large number of saplings in teak.

Download Full-text

Fishing for Targets of Alien Metabolites: A Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Agonist from a Marine Pest

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md16110431 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 431 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Rosa Vitale ◽

Enrico D'Aniello ◽

Stefania Gorbi ◽

Andrea Martella ◽

Cristoforo Silvestri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Invasion Biology ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Invasive Pests

Although the chemical warfare between invasive and native species has become a central problem in invasion biology, the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive metabolites from invasive pests influence local communities remain poorly characterized. This study demonstrates that the alkaloid caulerpin (CAU)—a bioactive component of the green alga Caulerpa cylindracea that has invaded the entire Mediterranean basin—is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Our interdisciplinary study started with the in silico prediction of the ligand-protein interaction, which was then validated by in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro assays. On the basis of these results, we candidate CAU as a causal factor of the metabolic and behavioural disorders observed in Diplodus sargus, a native edible fish of high ecological and commercial relevance, feeding on C. cylindracea. Moreover, given the considerable interest in PPAR activators for the treatment of relevant human diseases, our findings are also discussed in terms of a possible nutraceutical/pharmacological valorisation of the invasive algal biomasses, supporting an innovative strategy for conserving biodiversity as an alternative to unrealistic campaigns for the eradication of invasive pests.

Download Full-text

A Unique ‘Chain Tree’ Bauhinia (Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae) from Pagerwunung Darupono Conservation Park, Central Java, Indonesia

Journal of Tropical Crop Science ◽

10.29244/jtcs.3.2.56-60 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 56-60

Author(s):

Lianah Lianah

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

In Vitro Germination ◽

Central Java ◽

Conservation Park ◽

The Temple ◽

Unique Species

A tree species having a unique stem morphology has been found to grow at Sam Poo Kong temple, Gunung Batu, Semarang city, and at Pager Wunung Darupono Conservation Park, Central Java, about 30 km away from the temple. Based on plant key reference identification the name of this tree species is Bauhinia scandens Willd, a liana from Leguminosae family. This species has a local name of ‘pohon rantai’ due to the chain shape of the stems. It flowered in August and the fruits matured in October. In vitro germination of the seeds collected from the Conservation Park was not successful and only one out of 30 seeds germinated in vivo after 12 weeks. Further studies should be conducted on conservation and propagation of this unique species.

Download Full-text

Extracellular granzymes A and B in humans: Detection of native species during CTL responses in vitro and in vivo

The Journal of Immunology ◽

10.4049/jimmunol.0990024 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 182 (8) ◽

pp. 5152.1-5152

Author(s):

E. H. A. Spaeny-Dekking ◽

W. L. Hanna ◽

A. M. Wolbink ◽

P. C. Wever ◽

A. J. Kummer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Ctl Responses

Download Full-text

Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activity of Pollen Extract Collected by Stingless Bee Melipona fasciculata

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20184512 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (18) ◽

pp. 4512 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Alberto Jorge Oliveira Lopes ◽

Cleydlenne Costa Vasconcelos ◽

Francisco Assis Nascimento Pereira ◽

Rosa Helena Moraes Silva ◽

Pedro Felipe dos Santos Queiroz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Stingless Bee ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Pollen Extract ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Analgesic Activities

The stingless bee, Melipona fasciculata Smith (Apidae, Meliponini), is a native species from Brazil. Their products have high biotechnological potential, however there are no studies about the biological activities of pollen collected by M. fasciculata. In this context, the present study investigated the chemical composition, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of hydroethanolic pollen extracts collected by M. fasciculata in three cities in Maranhão State, Brazil. We verified the antioxidant activity of the extracts and inhibitory activity against the cyclooxygenase enzyme using in vitro assays and in allowed to select the extract with higher efficiency to be used on in vivo assays. In these trials, the selected extract showed high anti-inflammatory activity as well as nociceptive effects at central and peripheral level, suggesting that this extract acts on inhibition of histamine release and decreased synthesis of prostaglandins and the in-silico study suggested that polyphenols and acids fatty acids in the extract may be associated with these activities. The results of the present study report the high biological potential of pollen extract and we conclude that the pollen collected by M. fasciculata can be considered as the object of research for new pharmacological alternatives.

Download Full-text

Antileishmanial Effect of 5,3′-Hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanone ofPicramnia gracilisTul. (Picramniaceae) Fruit:In VitroandIn VivoStudies

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences ◽

10.1155/2015/978379 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sara M. Robledo ◽

Wilson Cardona ◽

Karen Ligardo ◽

Jéssica Henao ◽

Natalia Arbeláez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Leishmanicidal Activity ◽

Antileishmanial Drug ◽

Low Toxicity

Species ofPicramniagenus are used in folk medicine to treat or prevent skin disorders, but only few species have been studied for biological activity and chemical composition.P. gracilisTul. is a native species from Central and South America and although its fruits are edible, phytochemical analysis or medicinal uses of this species are not known. In the search of candidates to antileishmanial drugs, this work aimed to evaluate the antileishmanial activity ofP. gracilisTul. inin vitroandin vivostudies. Only ethanolic extract of fruits showed leishmanicidal activity. The majoritarian metabolite was5,3′-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanoneether that exhibited high activity againstL. (V.) panamensis(EC5017.0 + 2.8 mg/mL, 53.7 μM) and low toxicity on mammalian U-937 cells, with an index of selectivity >11.8.In vivostudies showed that the flavanone administered in solution (2 mg/kg/day) or cream (2%) induces clinical improvement and no toxicity in hamsters with CL. In conclusion, this is the first report about isolation of5,3′-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanoneofP. gracilisTul. The leishmanicidal activity attributed to this flavanone is also reported for the first time. Finally, thein vitroandin vivoleishmanicidal activity reported here for5,3′-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanoneoffers a greater prospect towards antileishmanial drug discovery and development.

Download Full-text

Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern).

10.1079/isc.119837.20203482711 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Native Species ◽

Pteris Vittata ◽

Native Range ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Vast Number ◽

Brunei Darussalam ◽

The Tropics ◽

European Mediterranean Region

Abstract Pteris vittata is a herbaceous fern native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World. It is mostly found in disturbed and urban areas, usually growing on limestone substrates, including buildings walls, pavement cracks and tombs. Although no details are available on its introduction to areas outside its native range, the dispersal of the species occurs naturally through air-borne spores or by its occasional use as an ornamental. It is reported as an urban weed in the European Mediterranean region and in Lucknow in India. In Azerbaijan it is categorized as a species that has the ability to self-sustain for a certain period of time, but not invading natural ecosystems. P. vittata is categorized in Florida, USA as an exotic species that has increased in abundance or frequency but has yet to alter natural plant communities. P. vittata is reported as invasive on Diego García Island, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Micronesia, Guam, Palau, USA (Florida and Hawaii), Cuba and Brazil. Although there are no data available on its effects on natural habitats or native species, it is still regarded as an invasive species due to the vast number of spores produced.

Download Full-text

Medicinal Plants Used as Antitumor Agents in Brazil: An Ethnobotanical Approach

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2011/365359 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Joabe Gomes de Melo ◽

Ariane Gaspar Santos ◽

Elba Lúcia Cavalcanti de Amorim ◽

Silene Carneiro do Nascimento ◽

Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Plant Species ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Antitumor Agents ◽

Pharmacological Study ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Traditional Healers

In this study, we describe the medicinal plants that have been reported to be antitumor agents and that have been used in ethnobotanic research in Brazil to answer the following questions: what is the abundance of plants reported to be antitumor in Brazil? Have the plant species used for tumor treatment in traditional Brazilian medicine been sufficiently examined scientifically? Our analysis included papers published between 1980 and 2008. A total of 84 medicinal plant species were reported to be used for cancer and tumor prevention or treatment; 69.05% of these were cited as being used for the treatment of tumors and cancer in general and 30.95% for specific tumors or cancers. The plants that were cited at a higher frequency wereAloe vera,Euphorbia tirucalli, andTabebuia impetiginosa. At least, one pharmacological study was found for 35.71% of the species. Majority of the studies selected were conducted in rural communities and urban areas and in areas with traditional healers in Brazil. We found the following molecules to be the most studied in vitro and in vivo: silibinin, β-lapachone, plumbagin and capsaicin. The species addressed here constitute interesting objects for future studies to various professionals in the field of natural products.

Download Full-text

Efficient production of native actin upon translation in a bacterial lysate supplemented with the eukaryotic chaperonin TRiC

Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1515/bc.2005.088 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 386 (8) ◽

pp. 753-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Markus J. Stemp ◽

Suranjana Guha ◽

F. Ulrich Hartl ◽

José M. Barral

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Inclusion Bodies ◽

Recombinant Expression ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Bacterial Lysate ◽

Deoxyribonuclease I ◽

Chaperonin Groel ◽

Eukaryotic Proteins

Abstract Recombinant expression of actin in bacteria results in non-native species that aggregate into inclusion bodies. Actin is a folding substrate of TRiC, the chaperonin of the eukaryotic cytosol. By employing bacterial in vitro translation lysates supplemented with purified chaperones, we have found that TRiC is the only eukaryotic chaperone necessary for correct folding of newly translated actin. The actin thus produced binds deoxyribonuclease I and polymerizes into filaments, hallmarks of its native state. In contrast to its rapid folding in the eukaryotic cytosol, actin translated in TRiC-supplemented bacterial lysate folds with slower kinetics, resembling the kinetics upon refolding from denaturant. Lysate supplementation with the bacterial chaperonin GroEL/ES or the DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE chaperones leads to prevention of actin aggregation, yet fails to support its correct folding. This combination of in vitro bacterial translation and TRiC-assisted folding allows a detailed analysis of the mechanisms necessary for efficient actin folding in vivo. In addition, it provides a robust alternative for the production of substantial amounts of eukaryotic proteins that otherwise misfold or lead to cellular toxicity upon expression in heterologous hosts.

Download Full-text