scholarly journals Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Screening of Datura stramonium by TLC and GC-MS: A Forensic Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2221-2226
Author(s):  
Baljeet Yadav ◽  
Anu Singla ◽  
Neeharika Srivastava ◽  
Pawan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Location Type

Forensic Botany helps in linking the location, type of crime, revealing modus Operandi, culprit as well as victim by various circumstantial facts. In the study, Datura stramonium was considered as major plant of Bundelkhand region encountered in poisoning cases in criminal Investigations. Datura plant was identified and its fresh leaves were washed to remove dirt, stored at 40C and were subjected to microscopic examination for botanical features, preliminary screening for alkaloids identification and chromatographic techniques such as TLC and GCMS for qualitative analysis of toxins present in the plant. The result showed that all techniques applied are suitable to identify the plant through botanical derived evidences such as leaf traces, resins, or plant extracts during the crime scene investigations. GCMS technique identified the main toxins and resulted that it contains high concentration of hyoscine and very fatal when administered eventually causes death.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Toxicity Activities of Eleiodoxa conferta Plant Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 596 ◽  
pp. 012096
Author(s):  
Nishalani A/P Thivakar ◽  
Jeng Young Liew ◽  
Jia Geng Boon ◽  
Kheng Yuen Sim
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and biological activity of Lamiaceae family plant extracts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana Cocan ◽  
Ersilia Alexa ◽  
Corina Danciu ◽  
Isidora Radulov ◽  
Atena Galuscan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PLANT EXTRACTS ON SPORULATION AND SPORE GERMINATION OF STORED MELON SEED FUNGI

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Amadi E. ◽  
Deleke E. ◽  
Olahan G. ◽  
Garuba T. ◽  
Adebola M.O.
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Melon Seed ◽  
Storage Fungi ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Melon Seeds

Frequently, stored melon seeds fail to preserve to their time of use. Storage fungi invade these seeds and cause their deterioration. A study was, therefore, carried out to determine the effect of guava (Psidiumguajava L.) leaf and ginger (Zingiberofficinale) rhizome extracts on the sporulation and spore germination of the invading seed fungi.Dried leaves and rhizomes were ground in sterile mortar, filtered through a wire sieve and then extracted usingthree different solvents. Results revealed that both extracts hindered sporulation and spore germination in the four fungi tested namely: Aspergillusflavus, A. niger, Rhizopusstolonifer and Fusarium species. The effect of the extracts on the test organisms increased with concentration of the extracts. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, lipids,tannins, flavonoids, and steroids. A reduction in nutrient contents was also observed in infested melon seeds. These results are significant and would serve as a template for planning the control of storage fungi in melon seeds in particular and other crop produce in general.

scholarly journals Non-chemical based management of Tylenchulus semipenetrans, a major threat to the citrus industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Muhammad Wajid ◽  
Adil Mahmood ◽  
Haseeb Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Imran Hamid ◽  
Yannong Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Percentage Mortality ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Citrus Nematode

There is a vast variety of microbes available in soil performing diverse functions for plants including root colonization for protection against pathogens and nutrient acquisition. In the present study, efficacy of rhizospheric microbial strains and plant extracts were evaluated against citrus nematode for their nematicidal activity. Three different concentrations of plant extracts were evaluated in vitro, results depicts that 10% solution of Tagetes erecta (root) has given 46% the highest percentage mortality at 48hrs followed by Tagetes erecta (leaf) and Datura stramonium killed 41% and 37% nematodes respectively, similarly for 20% of plant extract in distilled water, the highest mortality rate was recorded for T. erecta (root) 68% followed by D. stramonium 47% and Acacia nilotica 44% at 48hrs of application. While using a higher concentration 30% of SS. the percentage mortality elevated multifold i.e.  Marigold root has killed maximum 76% nematodes followed by Marigold leaves and Dhatura with mortality rate 69% and 58% respectively at 48 hrs of interval. While Eucalyptus killed lowest no of nematodes. Additionally, five bacterial isolates were evaluated for their nematicidal activity. Results indicated that for bacterial cell suspension, Pseudomonas putida has shown maximum mortality rate at 84% followed by Bacillus subtilis 73% & Pseudomonas geniculata 65% at 48hrs of interval. Similarly, in the 2nd set of experiment bacterial culture filtrates has exhibited promising results, maximum mortality rate was recorded for Bacillus spp. 81% followed by B. subtilis 76%, Ps putida 63%, after 48hrs of incubation. Moreover, an insight investigation of bacterial extracellular metabolites and plant extracts would enable researchers to develop purposeful products and compositions

scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF THE LEAVES OF KEDROSTIS FOETIDISSIMA (JACQ.)COGN.

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Thenmozhi K ◽  
Karthika K ◽  
Manian S
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Family ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Extraction

The objective of the study is to cover the pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical screening of traditional medicinal plant, Kedrostis foetidissima belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. This study includes organoleptic characters, physico-chemical analysis, fluorescence analysis, behaviour of leaf powder with different chemical reagents, phytochemical extraction, extractive yield and qualitative phytochemical screening. The preliminary screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, phenolics, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins and aminoacids which explains that the plant must have valuable medicinal properties and so it can be explored

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Cinnamon verum Bark

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Hamza Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Ashraf Mahmoud Ramadhani ◽  
Ibrahim Yaagoub Erwa ◽  
Omer Adam Omer Ishag ◽  
Mohamed Bosharh Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Acetone Extracts

cinnamon dating from 1000 AD when it was firstly recorded in English due to its important as aroma and as herbs. The aim of this study was to investigate phytochemicals constitutes, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of commercial samples of Cinnamon verum bark. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, while the crude extracts were prepared by three different solvents methanol (70%), acetone and aqueous. Phytochemical screening of crude extracts was performed using standard methods. The essential oil was subjected to GC-MS analysis and tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Eschericchia coli and Candida albicans. The obtained results indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarin, tannins, terpenoids, saponin, glycoside, anthrocyanin and phenolic compounds in the methanolic, aqoueous and acetone extracts of C. verum bark; while the major components of the extracted essential oil of C. verum bark were cinnamaldehyde (85.50%), stigmasterol (3.69%), Cadinene (1.37%), (E)-cinnamaldehyde (1.35%), alpha-amorphene (1.33%), hydrocinnamaldehyde (1.28%), alpha-cubebene (1.25) and ergosterol (1.09%) respectively. The antimicrobial activity result indicated the high activity of the extracted essential oil against all tested microorganisms at high concentration; except in S. typhimurium and C. albicans at concentrations of 25% and 12.5% no activity was noticed. Based in our obtained results the essential oil of C. verum bark had high potential as antimicrobial agent, therefore, recommended for more advanced studies to be conducted on this abundant plant as natural source of antibiotics.

scholarly journals In vitro antifungal potential of plant extracts against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramaraju Cherkupally ◽  
Srinivasa Reddy Kota ◽  
Hindumathi Amballa ◽  
Bhumi Narasimha Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

The antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of nine plants viz, Azadirachta indica, Parthenium hysterophorus, Momordica charantia, Allium sativum, Eucalyptus globules, Calotropis procera, Aloe vera, Beta vulgaris and Datura stramonium were assessed in vitro against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina, the soil borne phytopathogens. The assessment of fungitoxic effect was carried out by using three different concentrations i.e., 5, 10 and 20% against the test fungi, in terms of percentage of mycelial growth inhibition. The extract of A. sativum completely inhibited the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina at all the concentrations. The extracts of D. stramonium and E. globulus inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani of 72%, and 70.7% respectively at 20% concentration, that of A. sativum, E. globulus and D. stramonium exhibited inhibition percentage of 63.3%, 61.8% and 61.1% respectively at 20% concentration on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae. The application of plant extracts for disease management could be less expensive, easily available, non-polluting and eco-friendly.

Antifungal activity of medicinal plant extracts; preliminary screening studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Webster ◽  
Pierre Taschereau ◽  
René J. Belland ◽  
Crystal Sand ◽  
Robert P. Rennie
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

Effects of crude aqueous extracts of indigenous pesticidal plants on the ladybird beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
E. Mazhawidza ◽  
B. M. Mvumi ◽  
U. Mazarura
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Ladybird Beetle ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Hippodamia Variegata ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

AbstractEffects of pesticidal plant extracts on non-targeted species are rare. Direct topical and residual sprays of crude aqueous extracts of three pesticidal plants: Datura stramonium L. Bobgunnia madagascariensis Kirkbr. & Wiersema and Solanum delagoense L. were assessed in laboratory bioassays and on-station experiments against the ladybird beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze). The plants are routinely used by smallholder vegetable farmers to control aphids, Brevicoryne brassicae L. attacking rape, Brassica napus L. The crude extracts of D. stramonium fresh leaves, S. delagoense fresh fruits and B. madagascariensis dried pods, were applied separately at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% w/v under laboratory conditions. Application rates of 20% and 25% w/v of the plant extracts were further evaluated on-station. Negative (tap water) and positive (dimethoate® (36% E.C)) controls were included for comparison. The mortality of H. variegata was recorded 24, 48 and 72 h post-exposure. In on-station experiments, treatments were applied fortnightly and live H. variegata adults were counted at 1, 7 and 14 days post-application. Mortality of H. variegata in laboratory bioassays increased with increase in post-exposure time and B. madagascariensis (25% w/v) caused the highest mortality. Based on LD50 values, B. madagascariensis extracts were most toxic (LD50, 30% w/v) followed by D. stramonium (LD50, 34% w/v) and S. delagoense (LD50, 49% w/v) 24 h post-application. In on-station experiments, the synthetic chemical significantly lowered (P < 0.05) H. variegata numbers compared to the negative control and plant extracts. The results showed that D. stramonium and S. delagoense extracts at the application rates used in the study were relatively safer to H. variegata than B. madagascariensis (25% w/v); hence, the former two plants can be included in integrated pest management programmes.

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