The high incidence of foot deformity in patients with high-level spina bifida

Statistical data of livestock for 30 years is reflected in the article. Author used the materials of the state veterinary reporting. A comparative analysis of the number, incidence and death rate of adult animals and young cattle for two five-year periods (2001-2005 and 2014-2018). the data of the analysis of veterinary statistical reports for 2018 on the specific weight of the large horned cattle and age dynamics of calves in farms of the Vologda region are shown. A significant decrease in livestock of the large horned cattle by 56.3% (from 1990 to 2018) is shown in the analysis of the data. Over the five years 2014-2018, there was a decrease in the number of the large horned cattle by 31.3%, the birth rate of calves - by 26.2%, and the incidence of calves - by 12.3% and the mortality rate decreased by 3.3%. Despite the decline in the number of livestock, in 2018 there is a high incidence of animal diseases (49.6%). The highest incidence rate was observed among calves under 10 days of age 43.3%, 31.7% - from 11 to 30 days, 15.8% - from one to three months, 6.5% - from three to six months and 2.7% - from 6 to 12 months. Of the total number of sick calves in 2018, 63.2% had gastrointestinal diseases, and death for this reason is 49.6% of the total number of victims. Respiratory diseases affect 21.8% of young animals, and death due to respiratory diseases is 18.2%. Analysis of statistical data showed that, despite the complex of veterinary and sanitary measures, the incidence and death of calves remain at a high level. This can be explained by delayed diagnosis and low therapeutic effectiveness in gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of cattle.

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24-Hour Measurement of Gastric pH in Rural South Africa

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2015/658106 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alastair M. Sammon ◽

Eugene J. Ndebia ◽

Ekambaram Umapathy ◽

Jehu E. Iputo

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Ambulatory Monitoring ◽

Duodenogastric Reflux ◽

Lower Oesophageal Sphincter ◽

Gastric Ph ◽

Night Time ◽

High Incidence ◽

The Mean ◽

H Pylori ◽

High Level

Background. Previous studies have established norms of 24-hour gastric pH profiles for western countries. This study was designed to establish the pattern for a rural African population with a high incidence of oesophageal cancer.Methods. After lower oesophageal manometry a probe was placed 10 cm distal to the lower oesophageal sphincter. We carried out 24-hour ambulatory monitoring of gastric pH on 59 healthy subjects. This was satisfactorily completed on 26 female and 18 male (age 21–64, median 35) subjects in the Transkei region of South Africa.Results. The mean 24 hour gastric pH was 2.84 and the mean night-time pH was 3.7. 40 volunteers recorded a night-time pH reaching over 4. 33 volunteers recorded a night-time pH over 7. Night-time alkalinisation was present for 136.4 minutes (25th centile 22.8, 75th centile 208.1) at pH4 or over, and 79.3 (2.5, 122.7) minutes at pH7 or over. Episodes of rapid alkaline rise were 17 (10, 47). 21.1% of these occurred while supine. 35 of 36 tested subjects were positive forH. pyloriIgG.Conclusion. Gastric alkalinisation is common in Transkei, at a higher pH than that reported in other studies, and is sustained longer. Nighttime alkalinisation is frequent. This suggests a high level of duodenogastric reflux.

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Infectious gastroenteritis in Norfolk Island and recovery of viruses from drinking water

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400060113 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 139-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A. M. Murphy ◽

G. S. Grohmann ◽

M. F. H. Sexton

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Electron Microscopic Examination ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Infectious Gastroenteritis ◽

High Incidence ◽

Norfolk Island ◽

High Level

SUMMARYA high incidence of gastroenteritis in both islanders and tourists has been recorded in recent years on Norfolk Island – a popular tourist resort for Australians and New Zealanders. No bacterial cause has been found. However, electron microscopic examination of 28 faecal specimens revealed viruses associated with gastroenteritis in 21 (75%). No viruses were isolated in cell cultures. Bore water is used for drinking purposes on the island and 32 samples from 15 bores were examined for viruses by electron microscopy and culture as well as for bacterial contamination. Seven polioviruses (all type 1 vaccine strain) and adenoviruses 1 and 5 were isolated in cell cultures. In addition one rotavirus, one adenovirus and two small round viruses were detected by electron microscopy. Six of 21 samples tested showed unacceptably high levels of bacteria for drinking water. The deep ground water has apparently become contaminated with sewage effluent and is almost certainly the main cause of the high level of gastroenteritis on the island.

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Genetic Diversity of the cagA gene of Helicobacter pylori strains from Sudanese Patients with Different Gastroduodenal Diseases

10.1101/19007435 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hadeel Gassim Hassan ◽

Abeer Babiker Idris ◽

Mohamed A. Hassan ◽

Hisham N. Altayb ◽

Kyakonye Yasin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Novel Mutation ◽

Amino Acid Residues ◽

Specific Amino Acid ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancy ◽

High Incidence ◽

H Pylori ◽

High Level ◽

Chloride Method

AbstractBackgroundThere is an increase in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Sudan, accompanied by a high incidence of upper gastrointestinal malignancy. The cytotoxin-associated gene cagA gene is a marker of a pathogenicity island (PAI) in H. pylori and plays a crucial role in determining the clinical outcome of Helicobacter infections.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the frequency and heterogeneity of the cagA gene of H. pylori and correlate the presence of cagA gene with clinical outcomes.Materials and methodsFifty endoscopy biopsies were collected from Fedail and Soba hospitals in Khartoum state. DNA was extracted using the Guanidine chloride method followed by PCR to amplify 16S rRNA and cagA gene of H. pylori using specific primers. DNA amplicons of cagA gene were purified and sequenced. Bioinformatics and statistical analysis were done to characterize and to test the association between cagA gene and gastric complications.ResultsCagA gene was detected in 20/37(54%) of the samples that were found positive for H. pylori. There was no association between endoscopy finding and the presence of the cagA gene (p = 0.225). Specific amino acid variations were found at seven loci related to strains from a patient with duodenitis, gastric ulcer, and gastric atrophy (R448H, T457K, S460L, IT463-464VA, D470E, A482Q, KNV490-491-492TKT) while mutations in cancerous strain were A439P, T457P, and H500Y.ConclusionDisease-specific variations of cagA of H. pylori strains, in the region of amino acid residues 428-510, were evident among Sudanese patients with different gastroduodenal diseases. A novel mutation (K458N) was detected in a patient with duodenitis, which affects the positive electrostatic surface of cagA. Phylogenetic analysis showed a high level of diversity of cagA from Sudanese H. pylori strains.

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Klinefelter syndrome in children and adolescents

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl9840 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 321-328

Author(s):

Darya A. Bespalyuk ◽

Igor S. Chugunov

Keyword(s):

Klinefelter Syndrome ◽

Onset Time ◽

Speech Disorders ◽

Current Data ◽

Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽

Male Hypogonadism ◽

Main Diagnosis ◽

Delayed Treatment ◽

High Incidence ◽

High Level

Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosomal pathology, which is the most common anomaly of sex chromosomes and the most common form of primary male hypogonadism. The presence of an extra X-chromosome in the karyotype causes infertility, azoospermia, small size of testicles, high level of gonadotropins and low level of testosterone, tallness and disproportionate physique, learning difficulties, and developmental speech disorders. Despite the high incidence of the syndrome in the population, only 25% of patients are aware of their disease during their lifetime. Late diagnosis and delayed treatment are often due to pronounced clinical polymorphism of the disease, different symptom onset time, as well as high incidence of associated conditions, so that these patients are followed by various specialists, but they are not aware of the main diagnosis. This review presents data on the history, etiology of the syndrome, clinical and laboratory features characteristic of children, adolescents, and adults. The most common associated diseases are listed and current data on their prevalence and the effect of testosterone replacement therapy on these conditions are provided.

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Urologic guidelines for the care and management of people with spina bifida

Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine ◽

10.3233/prm-200712 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 479-489

Author(s):

David B. Joseph ◽

Michelle A. Baum ◽

Stacy T. Tanaka ◽

Dominic C. Frimberger ◽

Rosalia Misseri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Spina Bifida ◽

Best Practice ◽

Case Reports ◽

English Literature ◽

Age Groups ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Urinary Continence ◽

Clinical Questions ◽

High Level

PURPOSE: The life expectancy for people with spina bifida has increased, thus resulting in greater need for guidelines in urologic care in order to protect normal renal function, to develop strategies for urinary continence, and to advance independence through adult years. METHODS: The English literature was assessed from 2002–2015; greater than 300 publications identified. Case reports and opinion pieces were eliminated leaving 100 for in depth review. Clinical questions were then established for each age group that allowed for focused assessment. RESULTS: There was no Level 1 evidence for any of the defined clinical questions. This resulted in group consensus for all questions throughout all age groups. Guidelines were provided for identifying a symptomatic urinary infection, the role of urodynamic bladder testing and identification of bladder hostility, determining methods of renal function assessment and surveillance, the initiation of continence control, and transitioning to self-care through the teen and adult years. CONCLUSION: Urologic guidelines continue to be based on clinical consensus due to the lack of high level evidence-based research. Further research is required in all aspects of urologic management. While not the “Standard of Care,” these guidelines should be considered “Best Practice”.

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The Incidence of Foot Deformity in Japanese School-Age Patients with Spina Bifida

Spina Bifida ◽

10.1007/978-4-431-68373-5_81 ◽

1999 ◽

pp. 357-358

Author(s):

Haruhisa Yanagida ◽

Toshio Fujii ◽

Akihiko Takashima ◽

Kazuyuki Takamura

Keyword(s):

Spina Bifida ◽

School Age ◽

Foot Deformity

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SEMI-QUANTITATIVE RADIONUCLIDE PHLEBOGRAPHIC (RNP) ASSESSMENT OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS (DVT) AND CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY (CVI)

10.1055/s-0038-1642895 ◽

1987 ◽

Author(s):

J Zahavi ◽

S Zaltzman ◽

E Firsteter ◽

E Avrahami

Keyword(s):

Venous Insufficiency ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Below The Knee ◽

High Incidence ◽

Complete Thrombosis ◽

The Right ◽

High Level ◽

Deep Vein

A semi-quantitative RNP using 99Technetium macroaggregated albumin for the evaluation and follow-up of DVT and CVI has been developed. Values were assigned to the deep veins of the calf, knee, tigh and pelvis based upon the localization and the characteristics of the images obtained: stasis, hot spots and collateral circulation. A maximum score of 18 reflected complete thrombosis of all 4 segments. 208 patients (mean age 53.7 years, range 18-92), 161 of whom had a proven risk factor for DVT were studied. 99Technetium was injected into the dorsal foot vein of 407 limbs with appropriate tourniquets and early and late imaging of the limbs, pelvis and lungs was performed. In 48 patients, 83 limbs, X-ray contrast phlebography (CP) was also done. The mean RNP score was 4.1 units (range 0.4-18) and higher in the left than the right lower limb. It was mostly high in patients with proximal recurrent DVT or in DVT superimposed on CVI. The score was easy to follow and helpful in the assessment of the extent of DVT. It was particularly helpful in 3 instances. 1) Assessment of venous patency following anticoagulant therapy. 2) Estimation of recurrent DVT. 3) Differentiation of recent DVT from venous insufficiency. Overall RNP method had a sensitivity of 87.6%, a specificity of 54% and an accuracy of 64.8%. The sensitivity was similar in above & below-knee thrombi. Yet the specificity was higher in above-knee thrombi. The highest accuracy (87.3%) was observed in pelvic and groin thrombi. The distribution of thrombi on CP was 19% below the knee, 31% above it and 50% both above and below the knee. Pulmonary embolism (PE) was initially observed in 54 patients (26%) with no clinical evidence of DVT and therefore untreated. This high level is most probably related to the high incidence of proximal DVT in the patients. 181 patients were treated with heparin & coumadin and the RNP score was decreased to 3.6 units (range 0.4-8.8). PE occurred during treatment in 11 (6.1%) and recurrent DVT in 16 (8.8%) patients. CVI was observed in 23 patients before treatment and in another 24 patients (13.2%) after treatment. These results indicate that the RNP method is a simple, semi-quantitative and useful technique for the evaluation and follow-up of DVT and CVI. It is most helpful in the assessment of the extent of DVT. It is also a rapid, noninvasive and cost effective techniaue.

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The emergency management of a rape case in a nutshell: adolescent and adult cases

South African Family Practice ◽

10.4102/safp.v59i6.4788 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

J M Kotzé ◽

H Brits

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Emergency Management ◽

Expert Witness ◽

Research Articles ◽

Legal Cases ◽

Holistic Management ◽

Health Practitioners ◽

High Incidence ◽

Rape Case ◽

High Level

The management of a rape case in the emergency department is shrouded in an unacceptable level of lack of confidence. Since South Africa has a high incidence of rape, the contribution of health practitioners in addressing the crime successfully is essential. The medical management of such cases carries a high level of uncertainty with an accompanying element of not feeling in control. The intimidation associated with the responsibility of being an expert witness complicates the matter further. This article attempts to address the reluctance to get involved in medico-legal cases and emphasises the holistic management of survivors of rape. (Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2017.1280900

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Forensic implications of rape

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns0612567n ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 59 (11-12) ◽

pp. 567-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Milan Novakovic

Keyword(s):

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Control Group ◽

Sexual Assaults ◽

Physical Strength ◽

Young Males ◽

High Incidence ◽

High Level ◽

And Behavior

Introduction. Rape is a sexual act of violence in which physical strength is used. Criminal law imposes strict punishments for such crimes as rape. Psycho-pathologically, rape is among the gravest of crimes, often associated with extremely deviated behavior. This article deals with the forensic aspects of sexual violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period from 2000-2004. We report about sexual assaults, personality of delinquents, motives and consequences of rape. Material and Methods. Two groups of violent offenders were compared in the study: perpetrators of rape (N=90), and perpetrators of other criminal offences (N=90-recidivists). The control group included young males (N=90). Results. The results of the study show a high level of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The rape rate equals the level of homicide in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Rape offenders are mostly people with personal disorders (70%), but they also present with other illnesses and behavior disorders. Conclusion. The significance of rape as a violent crime has not been sufficiently studied. High incidence of violence and rape in Bosnia and Herzegovina is extremely disturbing. The most disturbing aspect is the increase of violence and failure to take certain measures. The role of psychiatry is to provide penal education, treatment and programs for elimination of consequences of rape. .

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