PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIACNE ACTIVITY OF LEAVES EXTRACT OF LAGERSTROEMIA INDICA

Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing of various human diseases and also play an important role in healing. Secondary constituents contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, sapon in, steroids and tannins. Medicinal plants have anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antidiuretic and anti-inflammation activities. The increasing interest in powerful biological activity of secondary metabolites outlined the necessity of determining their contents in medicinal plants. In Indian Ayurvedic system, Lagerstroemia Indica (Lythraceae) are well-known plants used for major and minor ailments. The aim of the present study is to examine leaf of Lagerstroemia Indica for phytochemical profile, antioxidant potential, antimicrobial including anti acne activity. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoids was carried out by FolinsCiocalteau reagent method and aluminium chloride method respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, fixed oil and fats. The present study concluded that the crude extract of Lagerstroemia Indica is a rich source of secondary phytoconstituents which impart significant antioxidant potential. The extract of Lagerstroemia Indica possess antimicrobial effectiveness againt P. acne and other microbes, In Vitro anti acne activity. The findings of the present study will be helpful to phytochemists, pharmacologists and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Lagerstroemia Indica, Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antiacne.

Two Novel Methods for the Determination of Benzalkonium Chloride in Bandages by Resonance Light Scattering Technology

In this study, two novel resonance light scattering (RLS) methods were developed for the determination of benzalkonium chloride. These methods were based on the formation of inorganic anionic-surfactant aggregates in a Clark-Lubs medium, which increases the resonance light scattering intensity of the reaction system and were also predominantly divided into sodium tungstate-benzalkonium chloride (method A) or phosphomolybdate-benzalkonium chloride (method B). The detection is performed both at 285 nm. Under the established conditions, the limits of quantification ranged from 0.10 mg L–1 to 1.00 mg L–1 with the R values of 0.9994 and from 0.20 mg · L–1 to 3.20 mg · L–1 with the R values of 0.9991, with good precision and accuracy both for method A and method B. The limits of detection were 0.029 mg · L–1 for method A and 0.013 mg · L–1 for method B. These two methods were successfully applied for the assay of benzalkonium chloride for the first time. All validation parameters were in agreement with the International Conference on Harmonization of Requirements for Registration Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines. Compared to the classical spectrophotometric method, these two methods take advantages of rapidity, high efficiency and good selectivity.

ASSESSMENT OF TOTAL PHENOL AND FLAVONOID CONTENT OF COSTUS SPECIOSUS AND CATHARANTHUS ROSEA IN DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS OF BALAGHAT DISTRICT, MADHYA PRADESH

Phenols and flavonoids are secondary metabolites of the plant and play a key role in scavenging free radicals and act as antioxidant. Costus speciosus (Costaceae family) and Catharanthus rosea (Apocynaceae family) are important ornamental and ethno medicinal plant rich in bioactive compounds used for treatment of several types of diseases. The plants are well known for their various pharmacological activities such as anti-diabetic, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-diuretic, antiulcer and anti-diarrheal activities. In the present study the total phenol and flavonoid content of root methanol extract of both plants were determined from five blocks of Balaghat district Madhya Pradesh. Folin-Ciocalteau assay was used to determine total phenol content and aluminium chloride method for flavonoid content using gallic acid and quercetin as standard respectively. The result showed highest concentration of total phenol content in Birsa block for both C. speciosus (95.85±1.56 mg GAE/g) and C. rosea (82.32±0.81 mg GAE/g). The total flavonoid content was found highest in Paraswada block for C. speciosus (97.67±0.53mg/QE) and Baihar block for C. rosea (93.20±0.54mg/QE). The ratio of flavonoid to the phenolic in each extract was also determined to as certain extracts that are rich in flavonoids.

Synthesis of Novel Biomaterial for the Treatment of Sepsis in Rats

In this research, glutamine (GLN) and L-Tyrosine were synthesized into AL-GLN synthetic biomaterials to explore their protective effect on the myocardium of sepsis symptoms. In the process of preparation, acyl chloride method was used to generate, which was generated by acylation reaction and ammonolysis reaction. In the ammonolysis reaction, the original ammonia water reaction was replaced by the ammonia water/dimethylformamide (DMF) system. The biomaterial was characterized, and it was confirmed that the product recovery rate could be maximized by adjusting the pH value to 9 during crystallization stage, and the purity could be increased from 94.23% to 98.45% after some technological improvement. During the experiment of myocardial protection in sepsis, 60 SPF rats were selected for the experiment and divided into three groups, namely the unmodified surgery group, the GLN group and the AL-GLN group. Rats with sepsis were obtained by cecum ligation and perforation. The myocardial apoptosis index and the gene expression of Bcl-2/p53mRNA were detected at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after operation in different groups. The results showed that the expression of Bcl-2mRNA in the surgical group was significantly down-regulated compared with that in the surgical group (P < 0.05), the expression of Bcl-2mRNA in the GLN group was significantly increased compared with that in the surgical group (P < 0.05), and the expression of p53mRNA in the AL-GLN group was first decreased and then slowly increased compared with that in the surgical group (P < 0.05).

Preparation and Usage of High Quality Manganese-Containing Materials from Ferroalloy Production Waste

We propose a flow diagram for processing ferroalloy production waste, such as silicothermic slag from manganese metal, as well as wet and dry powder of cleaning gas from ferroalloy furnaces that smelt manganese alloys. We experimentally determined the parameters for intensifying the calcium chloride method of enriching ferroalloy production waste, which resulted in a manganese extraction rate of 78-86%, with high-quality manganese concentrates. We present the results of studies related to the use of high-quality concentrates to dope steel with manganese, when processing it in a bucket, and smelting manganese metal via the aluminothermic method.

Identification and quantification of fruit phenolic compounds of Malus communis

Malus communis (apple) is fruits belong to family Rosaseae. Apple is important source of phytochemicals substance, which has good effect in human health and antioxidant activity. The aim of this work is to identify the polyphenols compounds and the antioxidant activity of Malus communis. The analyses phytochemicals of polyphenols is estimated by UPLC method. The flavonoids content were determinate by the Aluminum chloride method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH, ABTS and reducing power. The results suggested that Malus communis have high content of sugars, tannin (795 ± 0.05 mg D- glucose equivalents per gram dry weight, 31.38 ± 0.006 mg tannic acid equivalents per gram dry weight and important amount of flavonoids 5.08 ± 0.001 mg quercetin equivalents per gram of dry weight) respectively. The chromatogram of apple demonstrated that this fruits contain various substances such as Gallic acid and Chlorogenic acid. The extract exerted good effect in antioxidant activity. Apple can scavenge free radicals ABTS and DPPH with values of IC50 (0.64 ± 0.02, 0.60 ± 0.03 mg/ml respectively). Finally the consumption dietary of fruits can reduce the risk the chronic disease. Keywords: Malus communis, UPLC, tannin, flavonoids, antioxidant activity.

Effectiveness of Leaves Extract Fractions of Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C Nielsen Against Microbes

Archidendron jiringa(Jack) I.C Nielsen) contains a lot of essential oils, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, glycosides, and flavonoids. Flavonoid is a secondary metabolite compound in a plant as antimicrobial. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of fractions of ethanol 96%, n-hexan, ethyl acetate, and ethanol-water leaves extractand determine levels of favonoids. A. jiringaleaves extract were tested against Streptococus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The research using agar disc diffusion technique for antimicrobial activity and colorimetric method to know the total of flavonoid. Chloramphenicol and ketoconazole were used as a reference standard. The result of this study shows fractions of ethanol 96%, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol-water A. jiringaleaves extract can inhibit microbial growth of S. mutans, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans.Total of flavonoids on the extract respectively are 1.13%, 0.494%, 2.337%, and 0.549%. determined with complementary colorimetry to each leaf extract fractionA. jiringawith aluminum chloride method. Absorption spectrum measurement using a spectrophotometer. The higher percent of flavonoids would cause greater bacteriainhibitory zone but only 0.090 for pearson correlation value. Conclusions ethyl acetate leaves extract most effective inhibit microbial growth from the other fractions.