Rainwater Harvesting System as an Alternative Water Source for Domestic and Outdoor Uses

This research is done to plan rainwater harvesting so that it can be used as an alternative water source on the campus B UNJ so it is expected to reduce groundwater use that can cause a puddle. The method used in the PAH development plan is a water balance method. This method compares the level of demand with water volume that can be accommodated or the availability of water (supply). Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the potential for rainwater in the FIO office building A was 1773.95 m3 , FMIPA building B was 1904.62 m3 , the FIO lecture building C was 1613.21 m3 and the Ulul Albab mosque was 512.16 m3 . Potential rainwater obtained cistern PAH capacity of 200 m3 by saving water needs by 30% in building A FIO, building B FMIPA, and building C FIO. The capacity of the PAH cistern is 80 m3 by saving the water needs of the Ulul Albab mosque by 13.3%. Placement of the PAH cistern under the ground with a ground water system. Ecodrainage application by utilizing the PAH system can reduce drainage load by 0.158 m3 /second or 13.9% from rainwater runoff.

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Rainwater harvesting solar pasteurization treatment systems for the provision of an alternative water source in peri-urban informal settlements

Environmental Science Water Research & Technology ◽

10.1039/c7ew00392g ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 291-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Brandon Reyneke ◽

Thomas Eugene Cloete ◽

Sehaam Khan ◽

Wesaal Khan

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Microbial Contamination ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Informal Settlements ◽

Water Source ◽

Urban Informal Settlements ◽

Alternative Water

Solar pasteurization systems are able to reduce microbial contamination in rainwater to within drinking water guidelines and thereby provide households in informal settlements and rural areas with an alternative water source.

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Corn starch-based treatment improves rainwater quality

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2015.097 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1326-1333

Author(s):

Liane Yuri Kondo Nakada ◽

Rodrigo Braga Moruzzi

Keyword(s):

Corn Starch ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Single Layer ◽

Water Source ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Direct Filtration ◽

Alternative Water ◽

End Use ◽

Apparent Colour ◽

Rainwater Quality

Rainwater harvesting can provide an alternative water source, which may demand little treatment, depending on the end use. Some starches have been used in water treatment as coagulant/flocculant/filtration aid, and might be applied as primary coagulant. Here, we show direct filtration with hydraulic rapid mixing, using 2–6 mg L−1 cationic corn starch as primary coagulant, considerably improves roof-harvested rainwater quality, achieving removal efficiencies of up to 71.7% of apparent colour, 78% of turbidity, 1.1 log-unit of total coliform, and 1.6 log-unit of Escherichia coli, meeting guidelines for turbidity, even for potable purposes. Cationic corn starch has proved to be a suitable primary coagulant when filtration is performed in a single-layer sand filter (coefficient of uniformity: 1.8, effective particle size: 0.52 mm), at hydraulic loading rate of 450 m day−1. However, a disinfection unit is required to meet an absence of faecal coliform.

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Quality of rainwater harvesting in urban systems: case study in Colombia

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2015.043 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 424-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T. Morales-Pinzón ◽

M. I. García-Serna ◽

M. T. Flórez-Calderón

Keyword(s):

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Water Source ◽

Urban Systems ◽

Different Types ◽

External Sources ◽

Roofing Material ◽

Fibre Cement ◽

Alternative Water

An analysis of the utilisation and quality of rainwater in different collection systems located in the Pereira–Dosquebradas (Colombia) conurbation was conducted to evaluate the conditions in these systems and thus determine whether rainwater is safe water for domestic, commercial and industrial purposes. The quality of rainwater and its relation to selected variables (roofing material, material deposits, piping material and amount of precipitation) were evaluated. Six buildings with different types of roofing (zinc, polycarbonate or fibre cement) that have installed systems to capture rainwater were selected for the evaluation. According to the results, the sampled water is suitable for different uses. In cities, rainwater can be adapted and eventually used as an alternative water source, thereby reducing dependence on local and external sources.

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Design and technical evaluation of improved rainwater harvesting system on a university building in Ethiopia

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2015.085 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1220-1227 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tatek Temesgen ◽

Mooyoung Han ◽

Hyunju Park ◽

Tschung-il Kim

Keyword(s):

Quality Improvement ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Particle Separation ◽

Water Source ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

Separation Theory ◽

Demonstration Site ◽

Ancient Times ◽

Technical Evaluation ◽

Alternative Water

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) has been practiced in Ethiopia since ancient times, but it has shown little development, because of inefficient techniques. Most efforts to capture rainwater did not show significant results owing to poor design and implementation resulted from slow technical development. This paper details design improvements tested on a demonstration site as well as an analysis of operational parameters. Similar, rainwater quality improvement techniques applied for the system are also discussed. Various scenarios were studied relating design and operating parameters for replicability and decision-making before construction stage. Common components of existing RWH systems in Ethiopia are discussed and contrasted with the implemented demonstration RWH system. Moreover, particle separation theory and techniques are introduced as quality improvement techniques. Results of the analysis also suggest a possibility of satisfying building demand by utilizing the installed system and it also shows the potential of RWH in Ethiopia as an alternative water source.

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Rainwater Harvesting as an Alternative Water Source in Semarang, Indonesia: The Problems and Benefits

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/447/1/012059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 447 ◽

pp. 012059

Author(s):

H Mukaromah

Keyword(s):

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Water Source ◽

Alternative Water

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Quantitative and qualitative assessment of rainwater harvesting as an alternative water source in semi-industrial areas

10.5004/dwt.2017.20233 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 ◽

pp. 125-135

Author(s):

Mohammad Hossein Rashidi Mehrabadi ◽

Bahram Saghafian ◽

Hossein i Ghalkhan

Keyword(s):

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Water Source ◽

Qualitative Assessment ◽

Industrial Areas ◽

Alternative Water

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Chemical composition of rainwater harvested in East Malaysia

Environmental Engineering Research ◽

10.4491/eer.2020.508 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 200508-0

Author(s):

Siti Nor Fazillah Abdullah ◽

Azimah Ismail ◽

Hafizan Juahir ◽

R Badlishah Ahmad ◽

Fathurrahman Lananan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Water Source ◽

Rain Gauge ◽

Data Set ◽

Rainfall Index ◽

East Malaysia ◽

Secondary Aerosols ◽

Alternative Water

As part of the implementation of a rainwater harvesting system as an alternative water source supply for non-potable use, therefore the characteristic of chemical compounds was significantly explored. The Department of Chemistry, Malaysia, gave the data set for three years (2017-2019). Some chemometric techniques, including PCA, were performed to identify the dimensionality of the rainwater data, hence establishing the rainfall index's purity to determine the quality of rainwater in the study area. Discriminant analysis managed to differentiate each rain gauge station. Cluster analysis was then applied to perform smaller group of rain gauge stations. The result demonstrates that sea salt, secondary aerosols, trace metals, crustal origin, and organic acid dominated the dimensionality of rainwater data with a total variance of 53.38% and indicated that the PRI was significantly diversified into good purity of rainfall index (GPRI), (Labuan and Danum Valley), moderate purity of rainfall index (MPRI), (Kuching and Tawau) and bad purity of rainfall index (BPRI), (Kota Kinabalu and Bintulu). From the study, it can be stipulated that the chemical composition of rainwater in the study area was attributable to the local activities.

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Attitude and Perception of the General Public about Rain Harvesting: Financial Implications for Cape Coast Metropolis in Ghana

International Journal of Technology and Management Research ◽

10.47127/ijtmr.v5i1.78 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 30-44

Author(s):

Abena Yeboah Abraham ◽

Prince Adjei ◽

Doris Ohene Ntim

Keyword(s):

General Public ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Water Source ◽

Cape Coast ◽

The Public ◽

The People ◽

Harvesting Technique ◽

Established Fact ◽

Alternative Water ◽

System Mode

The continuous destructions to water bodies while the demand for potable water increases; call for immediate move to seek and improve the adoption of alternative water sources to augment the existing sources. Though Ghana has a rain harvesting strategy, very little seems to be done to improve its implementation and to sensitize the public on its adoption. It is an established fact that adoption is premised on perception but very little has been done to uncover the perception of the general public on rain-harvesting and the portability of rain water as alternative water source. This study seeks to resurrect the need to look in the direction of rain harvesting. Mixed method strategy was adopted to address the stated objectives. The results indicate that greater number of the respondents did not consider untreated rainwater as good enough for drinking but fit for all other domestic uses. The respondents identified lack of appropriate and affordable rain-harvesting system, mode of storage, contaminations with microbes when stored for long and softness as the demoralizing factors that inhibit rainwater harvesting. In conclusion, the analyses showed that rainwater harvesting is on the lower side in the area of adoption among households and major consumers of water in Cape Coast. The results confirm the 2010 census that rain harvesting is not a major source of water to the people of Cape Coast metropolis. The study recommends that stakeholders such as the Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources must embark on mass education on the need to adopt rainwater as complement to traditional source of water and also support experts to design comprehensive rain-harvesting technique which will improve collections, storage and distribution at an affordable rate for the general public and effectively publicise it for adopts and use. Citation: Abena Yeboah Abraham1, Prince Adjei2 and Doris Ohene Ntim3. Attitude and Perception of the General Public about Rain Harvesting: Financial Implications for Cape Coast Metropolis in Ghana, 2020; 5(1): 30-44. Received: (February 6, 2020) Accepted :( (March 31, 2020)

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Investigation of the Current Situation and Prospects for the Development of Rainwater Harvesting as a Tool to Confront Water Scarcity Worldwide

Water ◽

10.3390/w11102168 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2168 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Stavros Yannopoulos ◽

Ioanna Giannopoulou ◽

Mina Kaiafa-Saropoulou

Keyword(s):

Water Scarcity ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Water Source ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Global Scale ◽

Current Situation ◽

Frequency Peak ◽

Alternative Water ◽

Social Causes

Nowadays, available water resources face severe pressures due to demographic, economic, social causes, environmental degradation, climate change, and technological changes on a global scale. It is well known that rainwater harvesting, a simple and old method, has the potential to supplement surface and groundwater resources in areas that have inadequate water supply. In recent decades, many countries have supported the updated implementation of such a practice to confront the water demand increase and to reduce the frequency, peak, and volume of urban runoff. These considerations motivate interest in examining the current situation and the prospect of further development of this method worldwide. The present paper aims at the investigation of the current situation of rainwater harvesting (RWH) as an alternative water source to confront water scarcity in various countries around the world. In particular, the paper presents the following: (a) the causes of water shortage; (b) a concise historical overview of the temporal development of the RWH method; (c) the evolution of the concept of RWH; (d) the efforts to renew interest in RWH; and (e) incentives and perspectives for the spreading of the RWH method in various countries worldwide.

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