Lab-Scale Assessment of Gaseous Emissions from Laying-Hen Manure Storage as Affected by Physical and Environmental Factors

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 593-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Li ◽  
H. Xin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Scale Assessment ◽  
Manure Storage

Organic matter and nitrogen balance in rabbit fattening and gaseous emissions during manure storage and simulated land application

2019 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elio Dinuccio ◽  
Davide Biagini ◽  
Roberta Rosato ◽  
Paolo Balsari ◽  
Carla Lazzaroni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Manure Storage

Broadscale evaluation of the sedimentary Hg proxy for volcanism – insights from data compilation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost Frieling ◽  
Isabel Fendley ◽  
Tamsin Mather
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Sediment Chemistry ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Mass Extinctions ◽  
Volcanic Emissions ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Compilation

<p>Over the past few years, mercury (Hg) concentrations in (predominantly) marine sediments have gained widespread attention as a far-field, high-temporal resolution proxy for deep-time enhanced volcanic activity. The primary focus of these Hg studies has been a range of events in the past 500 million years; mostly larger and smaller mass extinctions and periods of high-amplitude climate change. As a result, sedimentary Hg data reinforced the notion many of these events are indeed coeval with and hypothesized causally connected to large igneous provinces (LIPs). </p><p>However, relatively poor constraints on long-term dispersal of emissions through the marine and terrestrial biosphere, accumulation and preservation mechanisms of Hg pose difficulties for its use as a qualitative proxy for enhanced volcanic emissions. As a result, using sedimentary Hg for detailed modeling of Hg cycling or past gaseous emissions of magmatic volatiles, e.g. carbon and sulfur, and by extension environmental impact, remains speculative.</p><p>The use of Hg normalization to common Hg-binding sedimentary components such as organic carbon (TOC), Fe or Al provides a basic means of comparing relative Hg loading within a sedimentary sequence. Yet, normalizing Hg to these major sedimentary components relies on simple linear relations and this approach often leaves substantial variance. While the high Hg concentrations have usually been ascribed to variability in volcanic activity, there are likely other factors that may invoke changes in the Hg concentrations in sediments, or mask Hg emitted by volcanism such as amount or type and flux of organic matter being deposited in basins and oxygenation of water and local sediments.</p><p>To evaluate potential confounding factors, we compiled published Hg, TOC and bulk and trace element data, modern and deep-time events, periods with and without known anomalous volcanic activity and cover a range of depositional settings. We find that the depositional setting, as inferred from lithology and bulk sediment chemistry exerts a major control on the overall concentrations of Hg. Differences in Hg loading between time-correlative deposits persist after normalization to major sedimentary components, likely as a result of a complex interplay between various spatial and environmental factors. Our data compilation further allows us to explore the potential of establishing a range for background Hg values and variability through different periods of geological deep-time. Collectively, such constraints can aid the understanding of changes induced by environmental factors or volcanic emissions and inform Hg-cycling models.</p>

scholarly journals Mitigation of Odor, NH3, H2S, GHG, and VOC Emissions With Current Products for Use in Deep-Pit Swine Manure Storage Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baitong Chen ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Chumki Banik ◽  
Hantian Ma ◽  
Myeongseong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swine Manure ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Deep Pit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Storage Structures

Odorous gas emissions from swine production have been a concern for neighbors and communities near livestock farms. Manure storage is one of the main sources of gaseous emissions. Manure additive products are marketed as a simple solution to this environmental challenge. Manure additives are user-friendly for producers and can be applied (e.g., periodically poured into manure) without changing the current manure storage structure. Little scientific data exist on how these products perform in mitigating gaseous emissions from swine manure. The research objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of 12 marketed manure additives on mitigating odor, ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), greenhouse gases (GHG), and odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from stored swine manure. A controlled pilot-scale setup was used to conduct 8-week long trials using manufacturer-prescribed dosages of additives into swine manures. Manure was outsourced from three swine farms to represent a variety of manure storage types and other factors affecting the properties. Measured gaseous emissions were compared between the treated and untreated manure. None of the tested products showed a significant reduction in gaseous emissions when all (n = 3) manures were treated as replicates. Selected products showed a wide range of statistically-significant reduction and generation of gaseous emissions when emissions were compared in pairs of manure types from one farm. The latter observation highlighted the lack of consistent mitigation of gaseous emissions by manure additives. The results of this study do not warrant full-scale trials with the tested products.

Emissions of nitrous oxide, ammonia and methane from Australian layer-hen manure storage with a mitigation strategy applied

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Naylor ◽  
S. G. Wiedemann ◽  
F. A. Phillips ◽  
B. Warren ◽  
E. J. McGahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
The Relationship

Greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions are important environmental impacts from manure management in the layer-hen industry. The present study aimed to quantify emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) from layer-hen manure stockpiles, and assess the use of an impermeable cover as an option to mitigate emissions. Gaseous emissions of N2O, CH4 and NH3 were measured using open-path FTIR spectroscopy and the emission strengths were inferred using a backward Lagrangian stochastic model. Emission factors were calculated from the relationship between gaseous emissions and stockpile inputs over a 32-day measurement period. Total NH3 emissions were 5.97 ± 0.399 kg/t (control) and 0.732 ± 0.116 kg/t (mitigation), representing an 88% reduction due to mitigation. Total CH4 emissions from the mitigation stockpile were 0.0832 ± 0.0198 kg/t. Methane emissions from the control and N2O emissions (control and mitigation) were below detection. The mass of each stockpile was 27 820 kg (control) and 25 120 kg (mitigation), with a surface area of ~68 m2 and a volume of ~19 m3. Total manure nitrogen (N) and volatile solids (VS) were 25.2 and 25.8 kg/t N, and 139 and 106 kg/t VS for the control and mitigation stockpiles respectively. Emission factors for NH3 were 24% and 3% of total N for the control and mitigation respectively. Methane from the mitigation stockpile had a CH4 conversion factor of 0.3%. The stockpile cover was found to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 74% compared with the control treatment, primarily via reduced NH3 and associated indirect N2O emissions.

EVALUATION OF SIMPLIFIED COVERING SYSTEMS TO REDUCE GASEOUS EMISSIONS FROM LIVESTOCK MANURE STORAGE

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Guarino ◽  
C. Fabbri ◽  
M. Brambilla ◽  
L. Valli ◽  
P. Navarotto
Keyword(s):  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Covering Systems

scholarly journals Influence of Sargassum horneri Mitigating Odorous Gas Emissions from Swine Manure Storage Facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7587
Author(s):  
Lavanya Madhavaraj ◽  
Ho-Dong Lim ◽  
Kong-Min Kim ◽  
Dae-Hyuk Kim ◽  
Gui Hwan Han
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Sargassum Horneri ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Storage Facilities

Manures from livestock industries and farmyards should be managed for land application. Currently, a deep pit or barn system is adopted by many swine farms for manure management, therefore releasing harmful gases and rising the total global emissions of GHGs. This research focuses on the effectiveness of the brown seaweed Sargassum horneri as a masking agent to mitigate odor-generating gaseous pollutants and reduce the emissions of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from swine manure storage facilities. Using an optimized procedure, we compared the gaseous emissions from two manure storage barns, one containing swine manure masked with S. horneri and the other without masking as a control, over a 30-day period. The results showed that, compared to the control, seaweed masking significantly reduced the sulfide and VFA contents. Furthermore, reductions of 99.48% in H2S, 60 ± 5.21% in NH3 and 74.28 ± 2.14% in gaseous amine emissions were observed within the experimental period. Intriguingly, seaweed masking had beneficial effects, decreasing the total odor content by 97.78 ± 3.15% and increasing the nutrient quality of the manure. S. horneri has great potential as a masking agent in swine manure management to control environmental pollution.

Impact of manure management of different livestock on gaseous emissions: laboratory study

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Loyon ◽  
F. Guiziou ◽  
P. Saint Cast
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
The Impact

A laboratory study investigated the impact of manure management and air temperature on the gaseous emissions of ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from manure stored under summer and winter conditions. Trials were carried out for 10–18 days on a pilot scale and were located outside the laboratory with a standardised protocol for ambient air speed. The concentrations of N2O, CH4, and CO2 in exhaust air from the storage vessel were analysed sequentially either by infrared detection or by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionisation detector/electron captor detector, while NH3 concentration was determined by passing the exhaust air through acid traps. The results confirm that manure composition and temperature affect emissions of CH4, N2O, CO2 and NH3. NH3 emissions, expressed as a percentage of total nitrogen present in manure, ranged from 0.1% (duck slurry) to 12% (laying hen droppings) in winter and from 0.03% (scraped farmyard cattle manure) to 13% (laying hen droppings) in summer. Whatever the manure, nitrous oxide emissions were low, less than 0.5% of the total nitrogen. Solid manure tends to produce more CO2 than CH4, while the opposite is observed with liquid manure.

scholarly journals Concentrations and Emissions of Ammonia from Different Laying Hen Production Systems of Conventional Cage, Aviary and Natural Mating Colony Cage in North China Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6820
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Guoqiang Zhang ◽  
Li Rong ◽  
Zongyang Li ◽  
Shaojie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Natural Mating ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Ammonia (NH3) concentrations in summer were continuously monitored from three typical laying hen houses of CC (conventional cage), AV (aviary), and NM (natural mating colony cage) with manure belt systems in North China Plain to quantify their emission levels, to characterize the diurnal variations, and to investigate the impact of environmental factors. Diurnal profiles were acquired by hourly measurements, and the effect of environmental factors on NH3 emissions was presented by correlation analysis. The results showed that house-level NH3 emissions in summer were the highest in the NM at 27.16 ± 13.12 mg/h·hen, followed by the AV at 4.08 ± 3.23 mg/h·hen and the CC at 3.43 ± 1.46 mg/h·hen within a complete manure removal cycle, which were significantly affected by manure accumulation inside the houses. After manure removal, NH3 concentrations were reduced by 64.29%, 28.57%, and 35.71% in CC, AV, and NM, and consequently their emissions were lowered by 67.12%, 71.36%, and 55.69%, respectively. It was suggested that the manure should not be stored on the belt for more than 4 days in NM. A positive impact of indoor and outdoor temperature and ventilation rate on NH3 emissions from AV and NM were found, while indoor and outdoor relative humidity had a negative effect. However, the above five factors did not significantly affect the emissions from CC.

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