Improving the Performance and Energy Efficiency of Pneumatic Dryer for Okara

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatchai Nimmol ◽  
Anucha Hirunwat
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Drying Process

Abstract. A corrugated-pipe drying column and a multipass drying concept (one-pass and two-pass drying) were proposed in this study to improve the performance and energy efficiency of a conventional pneumatic dryer for okara. The performance (in terms of volumetric water evaporation rate and volumetric heat transfer coefficient) and the energy efficiency of the dryer were evaluated. With the use of the corrugated-pipe drying column, the moisture reduction of the okara, the volumetric water evaporation rate, and the volumetric heat transfer coefficient were enhanced. The specific energy consumption (SEC) of the drying process was also improved. The maximum values of the volumetric water evaporation rate and the volumetric heat transfer coefficient of 765 kgwater m-3 h-1 and 6966 W m-3 K-1, respectively, were found when drying was performed by the system using the corrugated-pipe drying column. The lowest value of the SEC of 3.03 MJ kgwater-1 was also observed. The lowest final moisture content of okara obtained after the two-pass drying was around 0.72 kgwater kgdrysolid-1. Keywords: Corrugated pipe, Multipass drying, Okara, Pneumatic dryer, Specific energy consumption, Volumetric heat transfer coefficient, Volumetric water evaporation rate.

Multistage Impinging Stream Drying for Okara

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatchai Nimmol ◽  
Anucha Hirunwat
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
One Stage

Abstract. In this study, a multistage drying concept (one-stage and two-stage drying) was applied in an attempt to enhance the performance and energy efficiency of an impinging stream dryer for okara, which is a soy residue obtained from soymilk production. The volumetric water evaporation rate, the volumetric heat transfer coefficient and the specific energy consumption of the drying system at various drying conditions were evaluated. For one-stage drying, the volumetric water evaporation rate increased with an increase in the okara feed rate and the drying temperature. The effect of the drying temperature was insignificant at the minimum okara feed rate, however. For two-stage drying, the drying temperature insignificantly affected the volumetric water evaporation rate. However, an increase in the okara feed rate led to an increase in the volumetric water evaporation rate. The effects of the drying temperature and the okara feed rate on the volumetric heat transfer coefficient were similar to those of the volumetric water evaporation rate, for both one-stage and two-stage drying. The maximum volumetric water evaporation rate and the maximum volumetric heat transfer coefficient of 1784 kgwater m-3 h-1 and 3385 W m-3 K-1, respectively, were noted during one-stage drying at the drying temperature of 150°C and the okara feed rate of 45 kgdrysolid h-1. Regarding the energy efficiency of the drying process expressed in terms of the specific energy consumption (SEC), an increase in the drying temperature and the okara feed rate led to lower values of the SEC for one-stage drying. The effect of the okara feed rate on the SEC for two-stage drying was similar to that for one-stage drying. However, the opposite trend was observed for the effect of the drying temperature. When a multistage drying concept was applied to the impinging stream dryer, the percentage of moisture content reduction of the okara were substantially decreased. The results obtained from this study implied that an impinging stream dryer with a multistage drying concept may be used to dry okara or other high-moisture particulate materials. Keywords: Impinging stream dryer, Multistage drying, Okara, Specific energy consumption, Volumetric heat transfer coefficient, Volumetric water evaporation rate.

Efficiency Centered Maintenance of Preheat Train of a Crude Oil Distillation Unit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fajardo ◽  
D. Yabrudy ◽  
D. Barreto ◽  
C. Negrete ◽  
B. Sarria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Nowadays, maintenance is based on the synergistic integration of operational reliability and timely maintenance, which guarantees the required availability and optimal cost. Operational reliability implies producing more, better performance, longer life, and availability. Timely maintenance involves the least time out of service, fewer maintenance costs, fewer operating costs, and less money. In this work, we study the preheating train of a crude distillation unit of a refinery, which processes 994 m3/h, which presents a formation of a fouling layer inside it. Among the impacts of fouling is the reduction in the effectiveness of heat transfer, the increase in fuel consumption, the increase in CO2 emissions, the increase in maintenance costs, and the decrease in the profit margin of process. An appropriate cleaning program of the surface of the heat exchanger network is necessary to preserve its key performance parameters, preferably close to design values. This paper presents the maintenance method centered on energy efficiency, to plan the intervention of the preheating train equipment maintenance, which considers the economic energy improvement and the cost of the type of maintenance. The method requires the calculation of the fouling evolution from which the global heat transfer coefficient is obtained, and the heat flux is determined as a function of time. It was observed that, as time passes, the resistance provided by fouling increases and that the overall heat transfer coefficient decreases. The energy efficiency centered maintenance has an indicator of economic justification (factor J) that relates the economic-energy improvement achieved when performing maintenance, taking into account the economic effort invested. Depending on the cost of the type of maintenance to be performed, a threshold should be chosen, from which the maintenance activity is justified. The effectiveness values of the heat exchanger (ε) and the J indicator are used to form a criticality matrix, which allows prioritizing maintenance activities in each equipment. The planning of the implementation dates of the maintenance of each heat exchanger, from the maintenance method centered on energy efficiency applied to the crude distillation unit’s, preheat train, constitutes a contribution in this specific field. The conceptual design of the maintenance method centered on energy efficiency presented in this work is feasible for other heat transfer equipment used in oil refineries and industry in general. The procedure developed uses real operation values, and with its implementation, a saving of 150000 US dollars was achieved.

scholarly journals The methodical issues of industrial energy monitoring systems implementation

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
V. Nakhodov ◽  
O. Borychenko ◽  
A. Cherniavskyi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Management System ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Energy Management System ◽  
Energy Monitoring

Statistics show that energy is one of the highest operating costs in a manufacturing enterprise. So, improving energy efficiency can lead to a significant increase in profits and reduce the impact of the enterprise on the environment. To increase the performance of energy efficiency activities, it is necessary to implement an energy management system. One of the components of this system is energy monitoring, which, in turn, is based on the periodic collection and analysis of data to assess the state of the monitoring objects in terms of energy efficiency. In this paper, the role and place of energy monitoring in the energy management system of an industrial enterprise are noted. The paper proposes the concept of creating energy monitoring system in industrial companies, which is based on the combination of a monitoring system based on specific energy consumption, and usage of group energy characteristics of production facilities. Implementing such energy monitoring systems will allow to conduct operational control of energy efficiency of production facilities by creating individual systems for monitoring energy efficiency, as well as successfully carry out such monitoring at the enterprise and its subdivisions over longer periods of time using specific energy consumption indicators. It also provides general guidelines for conducting energy monitoring. These guidelines were formed based on the results of studying various methods and scientific publications in the field of energy monitoring, as well as on the basis of practical experience in the development and implementation of energy management systems. Particular attention is paid to the issues of processing and analysis of information about the objects of energy monitoring of industrial enterprises. The practical application of the concept of creating energy monitoring systems envisages gradual improvement of the existing monitoring system based on the specific energy consumption, which will be further completely replaced with individual energy efficiency monitoring systems.

Exergy and Energy Analysis, Drying Kinetics and Mathematical Modeling of White Mulberry Drying Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosain Darvishi ◽  
Mohammad Zarein ◽  
Saied Minaei ◽  
Hamid Khafajeh
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Improvement Potential ◽  
White Mulberry

Abstract The energy and exergy analysis, drying characteristics and mathematical modeling of the thin-layer drying kinetics of white mulberry using microwave drying were investigated. Results indicated that values of exergy efficiency (33.63–57.08%) were higher than energy efficiency (31.85–55.56%). Specific energy consumption increased with increasing microwave power while improvement potential decreased. The specific energy consumption and improvement potential varied from 3.97 to 6.73 MJ/kg water and 0.71 to 2.97 MJ/kg water, respectively. Also, energy efficiency decreased with decrease in moisture content and microwave power level. The best exergy and energy aspect was obtained by drying at 100 W microwave power. Drying took place mainly in warming up, constant rate and falling rate periods. The Page model showed the best fit to experimental drying data. Effective diffusivity increased with decreasing moisture content and increasing microwave power. It varied from 1.06 × 10−8 to 3.45 × 10−8 m2/s, with an energy activation of 3.986 W/g.

scholarly journals Specific Energy Consumption/Use (SEC) in Energy Management for Improving Energy Efficiency in Industry: Meaning, Usage and Differences

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akvile Lawrence ◽  
Patrik Thollander ◽  
Mariana Andrei ◽  
Magnus Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Industrial Energy Efficiency

Although several research studies have adopted specific energy consumption (SEC) as an indicator of the progress of improved energy efficiency, publications are scarce on critical assessments when using SEC. Given the increasing importance of monitoring improved industrial energy efficiency and the rising popularity of SEC as an energy key performance indicator (e-KPI), an in-depth analysis and problematization on the pros and cons of using SEC would appear to be needed. The aim of this article is to analyse SEC critically in relation to industrial energy efficiency. By using SEC in the pulp and paper industry as an example, the results of this exploratory study show that although SEC is often used as an e-KPI in industry, the comparison is not always straightforward. Challenges emanate from a lack of information about how SEC is calculated. It is likely that SEC is an optimal e-KPI within the same study, when all deployed SECs are calculated in the same way, and with the same underlying assumptions. However, before comparing SEC with other studies, it is recommended that the assumptions on which calculations are based should be scrutinized in order to ensure the validity of the comparisons. The paper remains an important contribution in addition to the available handbooks.

Determination of the Effect of Wall Heating Systems on Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient in Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 1630-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgen Acikgoz ◽  
Olcay Kincay ◽  
Zafer Utlu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Convective Heat Transfer ◽  
Convective Heat ◽  
Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heated Wall ◽  
Real Size

Decreasing energy consumption and advancing thermal comfort are the most important aims of building engineering. Previously reported studies by many researchers have found that different usages of convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) correlations in heating system simulations have considerable impacts on calculated heating load in buildings. Hence, correct utilization of CHTCs in real size room enclosures has great importance for both energy consumption and thermal comfort. In this study, a modeled room was numerically heated from one vertical wall and cooled from the opposite wall in order to create a real room simulation. While cooled wall simulate heat losses of the room, heated wall simulates the heat source of enclosure. Effects of heated and cooled wall temperatures and characteristic length on CHTC and Nusselt number in the enclosure were numerically investigated for two (2-D) and three dimensional (3-D) modeling states. CHTCs and Nusselt numbers of a real size room with the dimensions of 6.00 by 2.85 by 6.00 were found with FLUENT CFD and graphics of change were drawn. As result, difference between 2-D and 3-D solutions was found approximately 10%. This was attributed as the effect of air flow pattern effects over other surfaces in the enclosure that can not be counted at 2-D solutions. The change of CHTC at different characteristic lengths was illustrated as well.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency of staged reverse osmosis (RO) and closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) desalination: a model-based comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3096-3106
Author(s):  
Simeng Li ◽  
Karla Duran ◽  
Saied Delagah ◽  
Joe Mouawad ◽  
Xudong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Closed Circuit ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Multi Stage

Abstract Reverse osmosis (RO) technologies have been widely implemented around the world to address the rising severity of freshwater scarcity. As desalination capacity increases, reducing the energy consumption of the RO process per permeate volume (i.e., specific energy consumption) is of particular importance. In this study, numerical models are used to characterize and compare the energy efficiency of one-stage continuous RO, multi-stage continuous RO, and closed-circuit RO (CCRO) processes. The simulated results across a broad range of feed salinity (5,000–50,000 ppm, i.e., 5–50 g kg−1) and recovery (40%–95%) demonstrate that, compared with the most common one-stage continuous RO, two-stage and three-stage continuous RO can reduce the specific energy consumption by up to 40.9% and 53.6%, respectively, while one-stage and two-stage CCRO can lead to 45.0% and 67.5% reduction, respectively. The differences in energy efficiencies of various RO configurations are more salient when desalinating high-salinity feed at a high recovery ratio. From the standpoints of energy saving and capital cost, the simulated results indicate that multi-stage CCRO is an optimal desalination process with great potential for practical implementation.

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