Evaluation of Mixing Uniformity for Inline Mixers by Image Processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-443
Author(s):  
Xiang Dai ◽  
Youlin Xu ◽  
Junyang Chen ◽  
Jiaqiang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
New Method ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Carrier Flow ◽  
Extension Tube ◽  
Nozzle Injection

HighlightsFour inline mixers with different structures are designed and tested for DNIS applications.A new method for evaluating inline mixing uniformity by image processing is presented.While higher carrier flow rates cause better uniformity, changes due to higher mixing ratios are complicated.The multi-injection jet mixer has simplified structure and relatively satisfactory mixing efficacy.Abstract. Effective and specialized mixing devices that can achieve pesticide injection and inline mixing simultaneously are required to achieve better mixing efficacy in direct nozzle injection systems (DNISs), especially when high-viscosity pesticides are used. To evaluate the inline mixing efficacies of four inline mixers with different structures under various application conditions and to propose optimized structures for those inline mixers, a new method for evaluating uniformity based on image processing is presented. The results of experiments show that the proposed method is adequate for determining mixing uniformity. The mixing uniformity of each mixer increased with carrier flow rates (Q) ranging from 800 to 2,000 mL min-1, but the variations were less significant than those achieved by varying the mixing ratio (P) from 1:100 to 10:100. The mixing uniformity in the jet mixer (mixer A) clearly decreased with an increase in P at different values of Q because the pesticide gradually concentrated on one side of the detection tube. The layered mixer (mixer B) performed better than mixer A, especially at high P. The extension tube installed downstream of mixer B to improve uniformity was shorter than that of mixer A. Mixer C, whose structure was a combination of mixers A and B, had optimal mixing efficacy and the most complicated structure. The uniformity of the multi-injection jet mixer (mixer D) (Haverage = 12.46) obtained by simplifying mixer C was superior to that of mixers A (Haverage = 15.35) and B (Haverage = 14.65) but inferior to that of mixer C (Haverage = 4.08). With a relatively simple structure, mixer D may generally meet the uniformity requirements, thus resulting in advantages for practical use in DNISs, although further structural optimization of mixer D seems necessary. Keywords: Direct nozzle injection system, Image processing, Inline mixers, Mixing uniformity, Principal component analysis, Various application conditions.

scholarly journals Development and Preliminary Evaluation of an Integrated Individual Nozzle Direct Injection and Carrier Flow Rate Control System for Pesticide Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe D. Luck ◽  
Scott A. Shearer ◽  
Michael P. Sama
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Control System ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Variable Flow ◽  
Carrier Flow ◽  
Duty Cycles ◽  
Nozzle Injection ◽  
Injection Frequency

Abstract. Direct injection systems for agricultural spray applications continue to present challenges in terms of commercialization and adoption by end users. Such systems have typically suffered from lag time and mixing uniformity issues, which have outweighed the potential benefits of keeping chemical and carrier separate or reducing improper tank-mixed concentration by eliminating operator measurements. The proposed system sought to combine high-pressure direct nozzle injection with an automated variable-flow nozzle to improve chemical mixing and response times. The specific objectives were to: (1) integrate a high-pressure direct nozzle injection system with variable-flow carrier control into a prototype for testing, (2) assess the chemical metering accuracy and proper mixing at different combinations of injection valve frequency and duty cycle along with chemical pressure, and (3) assess the ability of the control system to ensure proper chemical dilutions and concentrations in the nozzle effluent resulting from step changes in target application rates. Laboratory experiments were conducted using the combined system. Results of these experiments showed that the open-loop control of the injectors could provide a means of accurately metering the chemical concentrate into the carrier stream. Chemical injection rates could be achieved with an average error of 5.4% compared to the target rates. Injection at higher duty cycles resulted in less error in the chemical concentration predictions. Discrete Fourier transform analysis showed that the injection frequency was noticeable in the nozzle effluent when the injector was operated at 3.04 MPa and 5 Hz (particularly at lower duty cycles). Increasing the injection pressure and operating frequency to 5.87 MPa and 7 Hz, respectively, improved mixing, as the injection frequency component was no longer noticed in the effluent samples. The variable-flow nozzle was able to maintain appropriate carrier flow rates to achieve product label chemical concentrations. In one case, the maximum allowable concentrate was exceeded, although the nozzle was able to recover in 0.5 s. Steady-state errors ranged from 2.5% to 7.5% for chemical concentrations compared to the selected chemical to carrier ratio (0.03614). This test scenario represented an application rate of 4.68 L ha-1 with velocity increases from 4.0 to 7.1 m s-1 and decreases from 7.1 to 4.0 m s-1, which were typical of the example field application data. Keywords: Pesticides, Precision agriculture, Spraying equipment, Variable-rate application.

New method of morphological color image processing

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 2101-2104
Author(s):  
Hong-zhong TANG ◽  
Hui-xian HUANG ◽  
Xue-feng GUO ◽  
Ye-wei XIAO
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Color Image ◽  
New Method ◽  
Color Image Processing

scholarly journals A Generic Block-Level Error Confinement Technique for Memory Based on Principal Component Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 4733
Author(s):  
Cuiping Shao ◽  
Huiyun Li ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Jiayan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Error Resilience ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Error Correcting Codes ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Bit Flip

Nanoscale CMOS technology has encountered severe reliability issues especially in on-chip memory. Conventional word-level error resilience techniques such as Error Correcting Codes (ECC) suffer from high physical overhead and inability to correct increasingly reported multiple bit flip errors. On the other hands, state-of-the-art applications such as image processing and machine learning loosen the requirement on the levels of data protection, which result in dedicated techniques of approximated fault tolerance. In this work, we introduce a novel error protection scheme for memory, based on feature extraction through Principal Component Analysis and the modular-wise technique to segment the data before PCA. The extracted features can be protected by replacing the fault vector with the averaged confinement vectors. This approach confines the errors with either single or multi-bit flips for generic data blocks, whilst achieving significant savings on execution time and memory usage compared to traditional ECC techniques. Experimental results of image processing demonstrate that the proposed technique results in a reconstructed image with PSNR over 30 dB, while robust against both single bit and multiple bit flip errors, with reduced memory storage to just 22.4% compared to the conventional ECC-based technique.

A New Method for Detecting the Diameter and Spatial Location of Tiny Through-Hole

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 4186-4190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Gen Fei ◽  
Jun Jie Guo ◽  
Chang Shi Li
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Function Method ◽  
Optical Axis ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
New Method ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Experimental Platform ◽  
Digital Image Processing Technique ◽  
Through Hole

Aiming at the problem that the traditional plunged-bar method is difficult to meet the measurement requirement of spatial location of thin and small through-hole, in this paper, the digital image processing technique combined with sub-pixel detection technique is employed, and a new method is proposed to detect the tiny through-holes. The evaluating function method based on the “roundness” of the image of hole is presented to find out the posture parameters of CCD where the optical axis of CCD is parallel to the centerline of hole. Therefore, the spatial location of hole can be easily obtained by these posture parameters. Meanwhile, the diameter of hole can be achieved by means of image measuring technology at calculated posture of CCD. Owing to the non-contact measurement, this method is particularly suitable for those small through-holes drilled on the soft and easy-deformed object. The experiment results on the experimental platform illustrate the feasibility and validity of this method.

A New Method for Calculating the Inflection Point Temperature of Heavy-Oil Rheology Transforming from Non-Newton Fluid into the Newton Fluid

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Dong Liu ◽  
Yonghui Liu ◽  
Nanjun Lai ◽  
Youjun Ji ◽  
TingHui Hu
Keyword(s):  
Newtonian Fluid ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
New Method ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Point Temperature ◽  
Shengli Oilfield

Abstract The inflection point temperature of rheology (IPTR) of heavy oil transforming from a non-Newtonian fluid into a Newtonian fluid is a key parameter in the steam huff- and-puff process. It is particularly relevant in terms of optimizing injection parameters, calculating the heating radius, and determining well spaces. However, the current approach exhibits obvious shortcomings, such as the randomness of the selected tangent line and inadaptability for extra-heavy oil with high viscosity. Therefore, this paper presents a novel method for calculating IPTR using viscosity–temperature data. The approach is based on the Arrhenius equation and quantitatively evaluates the IPTR according to the inflection point of the apparent activation energy. The IPTR values of four heavy-oil samples obtained from the Bohai Oilfield in China were quantitatively predicted according to viscosity–temperature data using the proposed method. The method's accuracy was verified by a series of rheological investigations on samples obtained from two heavy-oil wells. Additionally, the new method was used to predict IPTR according to the published viscosity–temperature data of 10 heavy-oil samples from the Shengli Oilfield. Again, a good correspondence was found, and mean absolute and relative errors of 3°C and 4.6%, respectively, were reported. Therefore, the proposed model was confirmed to improve the prediction accuracy of the existing method, and provided a new method for calculating the IPTR of heavy-oil.

scholarly journals A method for presenting biomedical images based on a model of receptive fields of human visual perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 2091 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
V E Antsiperov ◽  
V A Kershner
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Bayesian Learning ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
New Method ◽  
Human Visual Perception ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Biomedical Images ◽  
Local Characteristics

Abstract The paper is devoted to the development of a new method for presenting biomedical images based on local characteristics of the intensity of their shape. The proposed method of image processing is focused on images that have low indicators of the intensity of the recorded radiation, resolution, contrast and signal-to-noise ratio. The method is based on the principles of machine (Bayesian) learning and on samples of random photo reports. This paper presents the results of the method and its connection with modern approaches in the field of image processing.

scholarly journals New Edge Detection Method for Indonesian Batik

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Adi Purnomo Shidi ◽  
Suyoto Suyoto
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Edge Detection ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
New Method ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Unique Pattern ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Edge Detection Method

Abstrak. Metode Baru Deteksi Tepi untuk Batik Indonesia. Didalam paper ini, diusulkan sebuah metode pendeteksi baru untuk motif batik. Deteksi tepi sudah sangat sering digunakan didalam pemrosesan gambar. Batik motif adalah salah satu contoh gambar yang memiliki bentuk yang unik dan menarik untuk dianalisis. Metode yang digunakan pada paper ini adalam metode canny dan prewit dan akan menghasilkan metode baru yaitu metode Thomas. Perbedaan antara metode dan hasil akan dilihat dari sisi ketepatan, qualitas hasil dan kejelasan. Contoh batik yang akan digunakan adalah motif parang, motife lereng dan udan liris. Ketiga batik tersebut memiliki pola  yang unik. Kata kunci : Canny, Prewitt, Thomas, Batik, Parang, Lereng, Udan liris. Abstract. New Edge Detection Method for Indonesian Batik. In this paper, we propose a new edge detection analysis method on batiks motif. Edge detection has been oftenly  used in computer vision and image processing. Indonesian  Batiks motif are some example of graphic picture that has unique pattern that interesting to analyse. The method that used for example on this paper are canny and prewit and produce a new method, thomas method. the different  amongs the method, the result of comparison appears on quality, accuracy and clarity. The example that we use are parang batiks motive, lereng batiks motive, and udan liris batiks motive. Three of batiks motive above are have unique pattern. Keywords: Canny, Prewitt, Thomas, Batik, Parang, Lereng, Udan liris.

Use of Inline Spinner for Determination of Zonal Flow Rates in Vertical and Moderately Deviated Wells

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mahmoud El-Sheikh ◽  
Ahmed H. El-Banbi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Zonal Flow ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
New Method ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Behavior Understanding ◽  
Reservoir Performance ◽  
Surface Measurements

Summary Accurate zonal flow rate determination is necessary for better reservoir behavior understanding and for making important decisions that can improve well productivity. Knowledge of the capabilities of different reservoir zones in the same well also has significant importance in reservoir performance monitoring and selection of perforation intervals in development wells. Conventional production log analysis techniques can usually yield good results only if the fullbore spinner readings are reliable. However, the fullbore spinner measurement may not be available in some wells. Examples include cases in which the fullbore spinner cannot access the well due to mechanical obstruction, or when the casing is not clean enough, causing potential plugging of fullbore spinner blades. In these situations, the fullboreflow-rate readings may not be available or at least unclear or confusing, which may lead to incorrect decisions. In many of these situations, inline spinner (ILS) data may be readily available. The ILS is often used for qualitative interpretation (i.e., determining which zones are producing), but there is not a specific method to use the ILS for a quantitative solution in the absence of surface measurements of rates. In this paper, we introduce a new method to calculate the volumetric zonal flow rate using ILS data with high accuracy. Approximately 40 oil wells are used to develop an empirical correlation to compute zonal flow rates from ILS data in casing strings. The new method was used to quantitatively interpret eight oil wells for validation. In these wells, fullbore and ILS data were significantly different. The new method for interpretation of ILS data provided results consistent with surface production tests and led to decisions that contributed to increasing production rates.

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