Rapid custom prototyping of soft poroelastic biosensor for simultaneous epicardial recording and imaging

The growing need for the implementation of stretchable biosensors in the body has driven rapid prototyping schemes through the direct ink writing of multidimensional functional architectures. Recent approaches employ biocompatible inks that are dispensable through an automated nozzle injection system. However, their application in medical practices remains challenged in reliable recording due to their viscoelastic nature that yields mechanical and electrical hysteresis under periodic large strains. Herein, we report sponge-like poroelastic silicone composites adaptable for high-precision direct writing of custom-designed stretchable biosensors, which are soft and insensitive to strains. Their unique structural properties yield a robust coupling to living tissues, enabling high-fidelity recording of spatiotemporal electrophysiological activity and real-time ultrasound imaging for visual feedback. In vivo evaluations of custom-fit biosensors in a murine acute myocardial infarction model demonstrate a potential clinical utility in the simultaneous intraoperative recording and imaging on the epicardium, which may guide definitive surgical treatments.

Study on the atomization zones of the nozzle in the processes of material primary processing

It can divide the atomization effect in the direction of the nozzle axial injection into the jet area and the non-jet area by using the second crushing theory. On this basis, according to the feed liquid atomization particles discrete degree index of characteristics particle size of feed liquid atomization, it divides the injection zone into the atomization area and the diffusion area, so as to realize the axial direction of jet nozzle injection zone, atomization zone and the diffusion zone accurately. Simulation and experiment are used to verify the three zones of atomization nozzle. The division of three zones drives the study from the whole space of liquid distribution in the roller to atomization zone, clears the key zone of the roller in tobacco primary processing, and provides a basis for further work.

Rapid Custom Prototyping of Soft Poroelastic Biosensor for Simultaneous Epicardial Recording and Imaging

The growing need for the implementation of stretchable biosensors in the human body and organ systems has driven a new rapid prototyping scheme through the direct ink writing (DIW) of multidimensional functional architectures in an arbitrary shape and size to meet the requirement of adapting the geometric nonlinearity of a specific biological site. Recent approaches involve the use of biocompatible viscoelastic inks that are dispensable through an automated nozzle injection system. However, their pragmatic application remains challenged in particular medical practices that demand long-term reliable recording under periodic large strain cycles, such as the cardiac cycle, due to their viscoelastic nature that produces both mechanical and electrical hysteresis. Herein, we report a new class of a poroelastic silicone composite that is adaptable for high-precision DIW of a custom-designed biosensor, which is exceptionally soft and insensitive to mechanical strain without generating significant hysteresis. The unique structural property of the composite material yields a robust and seamless coupling to living tissues, thereby enabling both high-fidelity recording of spatiotemporal electrophysiological activity and real-time ultrasound imaging for visual feedback. In vivo evaluation of a custom-fit biosensor in a murine acute myocardial infarction model demonstrates a potential clinical utility in the simultaneous intraoperative recording and imaging on the epicardial surface, which may guide a definitive surgical treatment.

Evaluation of Mixing Uniformity for Inline Mixers by Image Processing

HighlightsFour inline mixers with different structures are designed and tested for DNIS applications.A new method for evaluating inline mixing uniformity by image processing is presented.While higher carrier flow rates cause better uniformity, changes due to higher mixing ratios are complicated.The multi-injection jet mixer has simplified structure and relatively satisfactory mixing efficacy.Abstract. Effective and specialized mixing devices that can achieve pesticide injection and inline mixing simultaneously are required to achieve better mixing efficacy in direct nozzle injection systems (DNISs), especially when high-viscosity pesticides are used. To evaluate the inline mixing efficacies of four inline mixers with different structures under various application conditions and to propose optimized structures for those inline mixers, a new method for evaluating uniformity based on image processing is presented. The results of experiments show that the proposed method is adequate for determining mixing uniformity. The mixing uniformity of each mixer increased with carrier flow rates (Q) ranging from 800 to 2,000 mL min-1, but the variations were less significant than those achieved by varying the mixing ratio (P) from 1:100 to 10:100. The mixing uniformity in the jet mixer (mixer A) clearly decreased with an increase in P at different values of Q because the pesticide gradually concentrated on one side of the detection tube. The layered mixer (mixer B) performed better than mixer A, especially at high P. The extension tube installed downstream of mixer B to improve uniformity was shorter than that of mixer A. Mixer C, whose structure was a combination of mixers A and B, had optimal mixing efficacy and the most complicated structure. The uniformity of the multi-injection jet mixer (mixer D) (Haverage = 12.46) obtained by simplifying mixer C was superior to that of mixers A (Haverage = 15.35) and B (Haverage = 14.65) but inferior to that of mixer C (Haverage = 4.08). With a relatively simple structure, mixer D may generally meet the uniformity requirements, thus resulting in advantages for practical use in DNISs, although further structural optimization of mixer D seems necessary. Keywords: Direct nozzle injection system, Image processing, Inline mixers, Mixing uniformity, Principal component analysis, Various application conditions.

Performance Measure of CI Engine by Varyingblends with Different Proportions and Parameters

Many researchers have been working on alternative fuels and it blends in order to enhance the performance of automobiles. There are number of alternative fuel blends have been tested on automobile engines and their performances have been analyzed. In this present work, Methyl Ester from Waste cooking oil to be prepared and going to blend with Diesel with different ratios, is an alternative fuel. The experiment is going to be conducted on the air cooled four stroke Diesel engine using these blends with different proportions and nozzle injection pressures, finally its performance characteristics to be analyzed.

Initial Transfer Behavior and Solidification Structure Evolution in a Large Continuously Cast Bloom with a Combination of Nozzle Injection Mode and M-EMS

A three-dimensional numerical model combining electromagnetic field, fluid flow, heat transfer, and solidification has been established to study the effect of nozzle injection mode and mold electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) on the internal quality of a continuously cast bloom. The model is validated by measured data of the magnetic flux density along the stirrer center line. According to the simulation and experimental results, M-EMS can introduce a horizontal swirling flow ahead of the solidification front, promoting the superheat dissipation of molten steel and columnar to equiaxed transition (CET). As the stirring current increases from 0 to 800 A, the superheat at the mold exit in the bloom center decreases by 1.9 K for the single-port nozzle case and 3.8 K for the five-port nozzle case. The resulting increase in the equiaxed crystal ratio is about 5.65% and 4.06%, respectively. In comparison, the injection mode shows a more significant influence on the heat transfer and solidification structure in the bloom under the present casting conditions. The superheat at the mold exit in the bloom center decreases by 5.1‒7.7 K as the injection mode changes from a single-port nozzle to a five-port nozzle, and the increase in the equiaxed crystal ratio ranges between 14.8% and 17%. It is found that the flow velocity of the molten steel in front of the solidification interface for the five-port nozzle is higher than that for the single-port nozzle regardless of the M-EMS power. The washing effect here reinforces both the heat exchange through the solidification interface and the dendrite re-melting or fragmenting, stimulating the formation of an equiaxed crystal at the bloom center. In addition, it is observed that both the central shrinkage and carbon segregation have decreased with the five-port nozzle plus M-EMS. This suggests that the combined application of a five-port nozzle and M-EMS can effectively improve the internal quality of large bloom castings.