Magnetosensibility and Magnetic Properties of Ectatomma brunneun Smith, F. 1858 Ants

The aim of the present paper is to study magnetosensibility and to seek for magnetic nanoparticles in ants. The social insects, by living in colonies, developed very efficient methods of nestmate recognition, being less tolerant towards individuals from other colonies. Therefore, any kind of strange behavior between nestmates and/or conspecifics, besides those present in their own behavioral repertoire, is not expected. The behavior study in the present paper analyze whether changes in the intensity of applied magnetic fields on Ectatomma brunneun (Smith) ants can cause changes in the normal pattern of interaction between conspecifics. A pair of coils generating a magnetic field was used to change the whole local geomagnetic field. Magnetometry studies were done on abdomens and head + antennae using a SQUID magnetometer. The results show that changes in the geomagnetic field affect the usual pattern of interactions between workers from different colonies. The magnetometry results show that abdomens present superparamagnetic nanoparticles and heads present magnetic single domain nanoparticles. Behavior experiments show for the first time that Ectatomma brunneun ants are magnetosensible. The change in nestmate recognition of Ectatomma ants observed while a magnetic field is applied can be associated to some kind of disturbance in a magnetosensor presented in the body based on magnetic nanoparticles.

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Synthesis of Poly-Sodium-Acrylate (PSA)-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Use in Forward Osmosis Draw Solutions

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9091238 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1238 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Irena Ban ◽

Sabina Markuš ◽

Sašo Gyergyek ◽

Miha Drofenik ◽

Jasmina Korenak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

External Magnetic Field ◽

Osmotic Pressure ◽

Forward Osmosis ◽

Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Sodium Acrylate ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Magnetite Phase

The synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with hydrophilic poly-sodium-acrylate (PSA) ligands was studied to assess PSA-MNP complexes as draw solution (DS) solutes in forward osmosis (FO). For MNP-based DS, the surface modification and the size of the MNPs are two crucial factors to achieve a high osmolality. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NP) with functional groups attached may represent the ideal DS where chemical modifications of the NPs can be used in optimizing the DS osmolality and the magnetic properties allows for efficient recovery (DS re-concentration) using an external magnetic field. In this study MNPs with diameters of 4 nm have been prepared by controlled chemical co-precipitation of magnetite phase from aqueous solutions containing suitable salts of Fe2+ and Fe3+ under inert atmosphere and a pure magnetite phase could be verified by X-ray diffraction. Magnetic colloid suspensions containing PSA-coated MNPs with three different molar ratios of PSA:MNP = 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 were prepared and assessed in terms of osmotic pressure, aggregation propensity and magnetization. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of PSA on coated MNPs and pristine PSA-MNPs with a molar ratio PSA:MNP = 1:1 exhibited an osmotic pressure of 30 bar. Molar ratios of PSA:MNP = 1:2 and 1:3 lead to the formation of less stabile magnetic colloid solutions, which led to the formation of aggregates with larger average hydrodynamic sizes and modest osmotic pressures (5.5 bar and 0.2 bar, respectively). After purification with ultrafiltration, the 1:1 nanoparticles exhibited an osmotic pressure of 9 bar with no aggregation and a sufficient magnetization of 25 emu/g to allow for DS regeneration using an external magnetic field. However, it was observed that the amount of PSA molecules attached to the MNPs decreased during DS recycling steps, leaving only strong chelate-bonded core-shell PSA as coating on the MNPs. This demonstrates the crucial role of MNP coating robustness in designing an efficient MNP-based DS for FO.

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Nanoreactors based on DNAzyme-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles activated by magnetic field

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/c7nr08581h ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 1356-1365 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Saira F. Bakshi ◽

Nataliia Guz ◽

Andrey Zakharchenko ◽

Han Deng ◽

Alexei V. Tumanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Cancer Biomarkers ◽

Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles

A new biomimetic nanoreactor for analysis of mRNA cancer biomarkers is presented based on DNAzyme bound to superparamagnetic nanoparticles.

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Magnetoreception in Social Wasps: An Update

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v9i1.526 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 01-05 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria da Graça Cardoso Pereira-Bomfim ◽

William Fernando Antonialli-Junior ◽

Daniel Acosta-Avalos

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Magnetic Material ◽

Conceptual Framework ◽

Social Insects ◽

Geomagnetic Field ◽

Social Wasps ◽

The Social ◽

Local Intensity ◽

Future Work ◽

The Magnetic Field

Abstract. Magnetoreception is a mechanism of active orientation that occurs in animals with nervous systems. Social insects such as bees, ants, wasps and termites have been studied on the influence of the magnetic field exerts on its biology. The social wasps comprise species represented in Stenogastrinae, Vespinae and Polistinae, however studies on the influence of magnetic field on wasps Vespinae address only. The areas studied include the biomineralization of magnetic material and behavioral aspects related to changes in local intensity of the geomagnetic field. The objective of this review is to integrate knowledge of social wasps’ magnetoreception in order to build an instructive overview of the current situation of studies, therefore, provide the conceptual framework for the development of future work on the topic.Magnetorrecepção em Vespas Sociais: Uma AtualizaçãoResumo. Magnetorrecepção é um mecanismo de orientação ativa que ocorre em animais com sistema nervoso. Insetos sociais tais como abelhas, formigas, vespas e cupins são estudados sobre a influência que o campo magnético exerce em sua biologia. As vespas sociais compreendem espécies representadas em Stenogastrinae, Vespinae e Polistinae, no entanto os estudos sobre a influência do campo magnético em vespas abordam somente Vespinae. As áreas de estudo incluem a biomineralização do material magnético e aspectos comportamentais relacionados a mudanças na intensidade do campo geomagnético local. O objetivo desta revisão é integrar o conhecimento sobre magnetorrecepção em vespas sociais, a fim de construir um panorama elucidativo da atual situação dos estudos, e assim fornecer uma estrutura conceitual para o desenvolvimento de trabalhos futuros sobre o tema.

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The Deepest Sense

10.5406/illinois/9780252034930.001.0001 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Constance Classen

Keyword(s):

Middle Ages ◽

Lived Experiences ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

The Body ◽

The Past ◽

The Social ◽

Healing Power ◽

The World ◽

The Subject ◽

First Time

From the softest caress to the harshest blow, touch lies at the heart of our experience of the world. Now, for the first time, this deepest of senses is the subject of an extensive historical exploration. This book fleshes out our understanding of the past with explorations of lived experiences of embodiment from the Middle Ages to modernity. This approach to history makes it possible to foreground the tactile foundations of Western culture—the ways in which feelings shaped society. This book explores a variety of tactile realms; including the feel of the medieval city; the tactile appeal of relics; the social histories of pain, pleasure, and affection; the bonds of touch between humans and animals; the strenuous excitement of sports such as wrestling and jousting; and the sensuous attractions of consumer culture. The book delves into a range of vital issues, from the uses—and prohibitions—of touch in social interaction to the disciplining of the body by the modern state, from the changing feel of the urban landscape to the technologization of touch in modernity. Through poignant descriptions of the healing power of a medieval king's hand or the grueling conditions of a nineteenth-century prison, we find that history, far from being a dry and lifeless subject, touches us to the quick.

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Pathogenic bacteria grown in iron and zinc milieu exhibit magnetotaxis

10.1101/2021.02.03.429514 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Swati Kaushik ◽

Jijo Thomas ◽

Vineeta Panwar ◽

M Preethi ◽

Rupali Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Zinc Ferrite ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Magnetotactic Bacteria ◽

Host Immunity ◽

Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Easy Access ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Blood Specimens

AbstractMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are the only microorganisms that are known to form intracellular magnetic nanoparticles. Iron and zinc are important elements required for the survival of pathogenic bacteria. While the host immunity prevents the bacteria easy access to these elements, virulent bacteria have evolved multiple mechanisms to access these elements. The response of pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae was evaluated in the presence of iron and zinc. The treated bacteria revealed intracellular distribution of superparamagnetic nanoparticles comprising of zinc ferrite, and the bacteria responded to magnetic field with magnetotaxis. Similar intracellular biomineralization was observed in bacteria obtained from blood specimens of patients with sepsis. In brief, this study provides a hitherto unknown phenomenon of bacterial biomineralization.SummaryPathogenic bacteria treated with iron and zinc precursors form intracellular magnetic nanoparticles and display magnet-induced migration.

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Isolation of magnetic nanoparticles from pachycondyla marginata ants

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.202.19.2687 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 202 (19) ◽

pp. 2687-2692

Author(s):

D. Acosta-Avalos ◽

E. Wajnberg ◽

P.S. Oliveira ◽

I. Leal ◽

M. Farina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Material ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Iron Oxides ◽

Geomagnetic Field ◽

Magnetic Particles ◽

The Body ◽

Magnetic Orientation ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

Different Parts

We report on the presence of magnetic iron oxides in the migratory ant Pachycondyla marginata. Magnetic particles were extracted from different parts of the ant (head, thorax and abdomen) using magnetic precipitation methods. Electron spectroscopic images for iron and oxygen were obtained from the extracted particles, and, by using the corresponding electron micrographs, histograms of size distribution were constructed. Selected area diffraction patterns were also obtained from the particles, and analysis of these showed the presence of a mixture of different iron oxides, including the magnetic oxides, magnetite and maghemite. The size distribution of the particles in the abdomen is different from that in the thorax and the head. In accordance with the hypothesis of magnetic orientation based on the presence of magnetic material within the body, two regions of the ant, the head and the abdomen, could be implicated in the detection of the geomagnetic field.

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Social contributions of Women: before and after the advent of Islam

Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies ◽

10.46568/pjgs.v7i1.270 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 31-48

Author(s):

Muhammad Ndeenullah ◽

Muhammad Faisal Zia ◽

Misbah Bibi Qureshi

Keyword(s):

Social Status ◽

Equal Opportunity ◽

The Body ◽

Legal Rights ◽

The Social ◽

Before And After ◽

The Status ◽

Social Contributions ◽

First Time ◽

Islamic Society

The vast study and perusal of the social status and social contribution of women to a prosperous society reveals that before the emergence of Islam the status of women in society was just a scratch. They were behaved as if they were some sort of chattel. The birth of a daughter was condemned and the father of a daughter felt himself contemptible. The Romans believed that a woman is a shape of God's wrath. Till the end of sixteenth century The French did not believe that a woman, like a man, bears soul in the body. The Arabs used to bury their newly born daughter and they believed that the birth of a daughter is an indication that our gods are angry with us. The researcher concluded that the woman was not considered even a human being. The Hindus used to burn or bury living wife with her deceased husband and they did not allow a widow to live in the society. The all ancient civilizations were indulged in this abominable act. On the emergence of Islam the woman, first time in human history, got her natural rights and social status. They started participation in social work as teachers, nurses and even started getting knowledge with equal opportunity as compared to men were privileged in the society. The contribution of women in the society was empowered by new Islamic vision. We find that their contribution, even in the battle-fields was marvelous and exuberant. The social status of a woman bestowed them to pay their duties independently as well as to demand their legal rights. The Islamic society founded by the Holly Prophet (s.a.w) gave freedom to women in the society.

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Synthesis of Poly-Sodium-Acrylate (PSA) Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Use in Forward Osmosis Draw Solutions

10.20944/preprints201907.0213.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Irena Ban ◽

Sabina Markuš ◽

Sašo Gyergyek ◽

Miha Drofenik ◽

Jasmina Korenak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

External Magnetic Field ◽

Osmotic Pressure ◽

Forward Osmosis ◽

Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Sodium Acrylate ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Magnetite Phase

The synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with hydrophilic poly-sodium-acrylate ligands (PSA) was studied to assess PSA-MNP complexes as draw solution (DS) solutes in forward osmosis (FO). For MNP-based DS, the surface modification and the size of the MNPs are two crucial factors to achieve a high osmolality. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NP) with functional groups attached may represent the ideal DS where chemical modifications of the NPs can be used in optimizing the DS osmolality and the magnetic properties allows for efficient recovery (DS re-concentration) using an external magnetic field. In this study MNPs with diameters of 4 nm have been prepared by controlled chemical co-precipitation of magnetite phase from aqueous solutions containing suitable salts of Fe2+ and Fe3+ under inert atmosphere and a pure magnetite phase could be verified by X-ray diffraction. Magnetic colloid suspensions containing PSA coated MNPs with three different molar ratios of PSA : MNP = 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 were prepared and assessed in terms of osmotic pressure, aggregation propensity and magnetization. FTIR confirmed the presence of PSA on coated MNPs and pristine PSA-MNPs with a molar ratio PSA : MNP = 1:1 exhibited an osmotic pressure of 30 bar. Molar ratios of PSA : MNP = 1:2 and 1:3 lead to formation of less stabile magnetic colloid solutions which led to formation of aggregates with larger average hydrodynamic sizes and modest osmotic pressures (5.5 bar and 0.2 bar respectively). After purification with ultrafiltration, the 1:1 nanoparticles exhibited an osmotic pressure of 9 bar with no aggregation and a sufficient magnetization of 25 emu/g to allow for DS regeneration using an external magnetic field. However, it was observed that the amount of PSA molecules attached to the MNPs decreased during DS recycling steps leaving only strong chelate bonded core-shell PSA as coating on the MNPs. This demonstrates the crucial role of MNP coating robustness in designing an efficient MNP-based DS for FO.

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Functions of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 3D Printing of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

10.26434/chemrxiv.13925177 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Zhang ◽

Jiaxiang Zhang ◽

Rishi Thakkar ◽

Amit R Pillai ◽

Jiawei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

3D Printing ◽

Carbonyl Iron ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Selective Laser Sintering ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽

First Time

<p><a>Selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing (3DP) offers novel opportunities for manufacturing various pharmaceutical dosage forms with a wide array of drug delivery systems. The purpose of this research was to introduce ferromagnetic nanoparticles, for the first time, as a multi-functional magnetic and heat conductive ingredient for 3DP tablet formulations, and further to analyze its effect on the drug release of the SLS printed tablets under a specially designed magnetic field. Optimization of tablet quality was performed by adjusting SLS printing parameters. </a>The independent factors studied were laser scanning speed (2, 50, 100, and 200 mm/s), hatching space (13, 25, 50, 100, 300, and 2000 µm), and temperature. The responses measured were tablet weight, hardness, disintegration time (DT), and dissolution kinetics studied within the first hour. The content uniformity, chemical interaction, drug distribution, and surface morphology were tested for characterizing the printed dosage forms. It has been observed, for the drug formulations with carbonyl iron, due to its inherent heat conductivity, that sintering tablets required low energy input compared to that of other batches that contained no magnetic particles, to make the tablets of the same quality attributes. Also, under the magnetic field, printed tablets with carbonyl iron released 25% more drug as compared to those without. Therefore, we report for the first time the use of magnetic nanoparticles as a novel conductive excipient to sinter the particles in an SLS 3D printing process of pharmaceutical dosage forms and hence this finding opens up numerous opportunities for magnetically triggerable drug delivery systems.</p>

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