Class, inequality and community development: editorial introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mae Shaw ◽  
Marjorie Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Class Inequality ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

In contexts across the world, community development is being rediscovered as a cost-effective intervention for dealing with the social consequences of global economic restructuring that has taken place over the last half century. This chapter introduces the term ‘community development’ and its plurality of meanings, as well as introducing the ways in which community development can be used to address inequality. The authors pose that class should be central to an analysis of inequality and the ways in which it is framed by community development strategies. The chapter then goes on to give a more detailed explanation of the terms ‘class’ ‘inequality’ and ‘community development’ and how they interplay with one another. The chapter concludes by giving a description of the layout of the remainder of the book.

Epilogue

2020 ◽  
pp. 315-318
Author(s):  
Ana Hedberg Olenina
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Collection ◽  
Semir Zeki ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Education Business

Over the past twenty years, evolving technologies have allowed us to map the activity of the brain with unprecedented precision. Initially driven by medical goals, neuroscience has advanced to the level where it is rapidly transforming our understanding of emotions, empathy, reasoning, love, morality, and free will. What is at stake today is our sense of the self: who we are, how we act, how we experience the world, and how we interact with it. By now nearly all of our subjective mental states have been tied to some particular patterns of cortical activity. Beyond the radical philosophical implications, these studies have far-reaching social consequences. Neuroscientists are authoritatively establishing norms and deviations; they make predictions about our behavior based on processes that lie outside our conscious knowledge and control. The insights of neuroscience are being imported into the social sphere, informing debates in jurisprudence, forensics, healthcare, education, business, and politics. A recent collection of essays, compiled by Semir Zeki, a leading European proponent of applied neuroscience, in collaboration with the American lawyer Oliver Goodenough, calls for further integration of lab findings into discussions of public policy and personnel training....

Against Populism: Music, Classification, Genre

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-267
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER BALLANTINE
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Social Pathology ◽  
Music Classification ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

AbstractOften described as a social pathology, populism currently finds virulent expression in political movements across the world. Unlike the recognition that involves mutuality and respect, populism is typically founded on misrecognition; it pursues alterity, essentializes identity, offers ‘protection’ against the threat of hostile ‘others’. Often the social consequences are tragic. Music, however, can confirm or disrupt the way populism constructs identity. Epistemologically, genres can enable us to both understand and misunderstand our world: we can recognize ourselves (‘us’) in the genres that undergird the music we identify with, and (mis)recognize others (‘them’) in those we find alien. But genres can be undermined; they can be integrated, hybridized and directed towards more inclusive or cosmopolitan ends, thus destablilizing ontologies frozen around pre-fixed identities. I elaborate this theory, illustrating it with examples of focused genre-transgression, particularly in South African jazz, where progressive social tendencies have sought to create an integrated, cosmopolitan society.

scholarly journals Prospective analysis of the impact of a pandemic in Industry 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 01037
Author(s):  
Georgios Andreadis ◽  
Ana Isabel Quirós Gámez
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
World Population ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
Technological Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact

The world population in 2020 was estimated at 6.070 million and is projected to grow to around 9 billion by 2050. The evolution and transformation of society in the technological field is a challenge due to its rapid evolution and the social consequences it triggers. The pursued aim is the prospective analysis of diverse scenarios directed by Industry 4.0 macro-drivers, breeding cornerstones for the purpose to presage future pandemic backdrop. In accordance with the evolution of the force for change due to the analyzed factors, a series of recommendations and future work is elaborated to create a weapon to confront this possible context.

Remembering the 2006 Football World Cup in Germany: Epistemic and social consequences of perceived memory sharedness

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Kopietz ◽  
Gerald Echterhoff
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Public Event ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Memory Confidence

According to shared-reality theory, the sharing of memories satisfies the need for confident knowledge (an epistemic consequence) and belongingness (a social-affiliative consequence). In two experiments, German participants remembered a public event with collective importance—the 2006 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup in Germany. We examined whether inducing perceptions of sharedness increases confidence in one’s memory of the event (an epistemic consequence) and social identification with the national group (an affiliative consequence). Because episodic, but not semantic, memories entail the reconstruction of the social context of the original experience, they should elicit feelings of shared relevance to a greater extent than do semantic memories. Consistent with our rationale, memory confidence, perceptions of shared relevance, and identification with Germany were enhanced after participants recalled episodic (vs semantic) memories regarding the World Cup. In Experiment 2, we added a more direct manipulation of perceived sharedness: participants were asked to think about people with similar (vs dissimilar) memories. We found that memory confidence, perceptions of shared relevance, and identification with Germany were greater in the high sharedness conditions. In both experiments, the effects on memory confidence and identification were mediated by perceived shared relevance. Overall, the findings demonstrate important cognitive and social consequences of collective memory.

Mexico’s Social Development

Mexico ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderic Ai Camp
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

How inequitable is Mexican development and what are the social consequences? Depending on the measurement used, Mexico’s development is considered to be significantly inequitable; development in Latin America as a whole is marked by the greatest degree of inequality in the world. Inequality is typically...

scholarly journals Od trawelogu do King Konga. Misja badawcza jako motyw kina lat dwudziestych i trzydziestych w świetle imaginarium społecznego epoki

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-104
Author(s):  
Robert Zontek
Keyword(s):  
Social Imaginaries ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Field Researcher ◽  
Documentary Fiction ◽  
Exploitation Films ◽  
Film Genres

From the travelogue to King Kong: Science expeditions as a cinematic motif of the 1920s and 1930s in light of the social imaginaries of the eraScience expeditions are a staple of cinematic fiction. The theme has been utilized in dozens of permutations in different media and film genres ranging from adventure flicks to family comedies and horrors. Indiana Jones, undoubtedly the best-known “field researcher” in the world, is one of popular culture’s most recognizable figures. In this article, however, I am interested in an era predating his cinematic debut by at least a half century. Its main focus is the 1920s/1930s threshold in which science expeditions began constituting themselves as a motif of cinema and the reasons why such a seemingly august, scholarly enterprise transformed into a popcultural phenomenon. My analysis will focus on two often overlooked but massively popular genres of the era: expeditionary films and exotic exploitation films, both of which, I argue, can be traced back to the ethnographic travelogue. I begin my inquiries — and end them — with Merian C. Cooper’s and Ernest B. Schoedsack’s King Kong 1993, which provides me with a framework for describing the ever-fickle relationship between documentary, fiction, truth and fabrication, which defined the cinematic representations of science expeditions from the very beginning.

scholarly journals COVID Detection From Chest X-ray Using MobileNet and Residual Separable Convolution Block

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagadeesh Kakarla ◽  
Bala Venkateswarlu Isunuri
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Training Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis

Abstract A newly emerged coronavirus disease affects the social and economical life of the world. This virus mainly infects the respiratory system and spreads with airborne communication. Several countries witness the serious consequences of the COVID pandemic. Early detection of COVID infection is the critical step to survive a patient from death. The chest radiography examination is the fast and cost-effective way for COVID detection. Several researchers have been motivated to automate COVID detection and diagnosis process using chest X-ray images. However, existing models employ deep networks and are suffering from high training time. This work presents transfer learning and residual separable convolution block for COVID detection. The proposed model utilizes pre-trained MobileNet for binary image classification. The proposed residual separable convolution block has improved the performance of basic MobileNet. Two publicly available datasets COVID5K, and COVIDRD have considered for the evaluation of the proposed model. Our proposed model exhibits superior performance than existing state-of-art and pre-trained models with 99% accuracy on both datasets. We have achieved similar performance on noisy datasets. Moreover, the proposed model outperforms existing pre-trained models with less training time and competitive performance than basic MobileNet. Further, our model is suitable for mobile applications as it uses fewer parameters and lesser training time.

scholarly journals Ratio legis of Criminalization of the Offence against Religious Feelings (and Blasphemy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Olga Sitarz
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

<p>This article deals with the criminalization of violating religious feelings is of a scientific and research nature. The scientific problem is to determine the actual <em>ratio legis</em> of the act described in Article 196 of the Polish Criminal Code, which will ultimately allow to assess whether the criminalization decision is right. The author does not share the commonly held views on the protection and justification of the criminality of offending religious feelings. A comparison of crimes that provide for punishment for violating other feelings, as well as violating feelings of a different nature with impunity, allows for the formulation of the thesis that in the case of Article 196 of the Criminal Code it was not religious feelings and their protection that became the reason for the criminalization decision. This reason is the fear of the social consequences of violating religious feelings. Since this behavior is criminalized in most countries around the world, the significance of these scientific findings is of international significance both theoretically and practically.</p>

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