Spatial dimensions of the marginalisation of cycling – marginalisation through rationalisation?

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Till Koglin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Transport Planning ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spatial Dimensions

This chapter analyses the impact of the spatial dimension further and connect the spatial dimension to a form of rationalisation of transport planning that has been very influential in Swedish transport planning. The theoretical starting point for this chapter is threefold. First, the chapter builds on the production of space by Lefebvre. Second, the rationalisation of the social sciences (Marcuse and Flyvbjerg) is connected to the development of transport planning as a rational profession. Third, the concept of urban space wars is used to theorise on the effects of this kind of rationalisation (Bauman). Through this theorisation of space and transport planning an entity into the field of the marginalisation of cycling is developed. From that starting point the Swedish transport and urban planning system is analysed. Through the analysis and the connections to the theoretical framework of this chapter it is shown that Swedish transport and urban planning operate on very rational levels that marginalise cycling in many cities around Sweden. Moreover, it is shown that this rational planning has created urban spaces and infrastructures, which marginalise cycling in several ways and make it hard to use the bicycle for transport in everyday urban life in Sweden.

scholarly journals Gated Neighborhoods, Privatized Amenities and Fragmented Society: Evidence from Residential Experience and Implications for Urban Planning

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
David Shaw ◽  
Ke Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Planning System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Residential Experience ◽  
New Evidence

Nowadays, urban space has become more fragmented and largely consists of many unconnected enclaves. The significance of neighborhood amenities to resident’s quality of life has been identified in the recent literature. However, studies have inadequately explored the real experience of residents in their use of neighborhood amenities under the gated urban form. Since the 1990s the urban environment of many Chinese cities has been re-shaped by the large creation of gated neighborhoods. Based on a case study in the city of Shenzhen, this paper draws upon evidence of residential satisfaction with local amenities to reveal a significant variation between different neighborhoods. The outcome of the enlarged social differentiation is a result of imbalanced micro-level urban development. The findings also provide new evidence demonstrating the increased fragmentation of society as the consequence of urban privatization. By linking the planning process with the social outcome, this paper reflects on the current strengths and weaknesses of the Chinese urban planning system.

scholarly journals Geografias e genealogias do planejamento urbano em Belém: elementos da modernidade e produção de desigualdades / Geographies and genealogies of urban planning in Belém: elements of modernity and the production of inequalities

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (55) ◽  
pp. 980-1005
Author(s):  
Tiago Santos
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The City

Considerando a dinâmica e a estrutura urbana de Belém no início do século XXI como expressão da acumulação das intervenções urbanas e das práticas de planejamento e gestão do espaço da cidade, analisa-se a genealogia do planejamento urbano para compreender a produção de um espaço que tem como característica a negação da natureza e a produção da desigualdade entre classes sociais. Nesse aspecto, identificou-se três períodos específicos que produziram impactos significativos na produção do espaço urbano de Belém: o terceiro quarto do século XVIII (1755 – 1777) com as reformas promovidas no período Pombalino na Amazônia, momento de expressão de uma modernidade urbana e arquitetônica; o final do século XIX e a primeira década do século XX (1890 – 1910), momento de ascensão da economia regional a partir da intensificação de atividades extrativas que produziram reformas urbanísticas com tons higienistas e; por fim, o período entre 1940 e 1970, que marcou uma série de propostas de planejamento com viés técnico-burocrático na produção do espaço. Do ponto de vista da metodologia adotada, estabeleceu-se como percurso de pesquisa: i) levantamento bibliográfico de caráter teórico e empírico da temática; ii) levantamento documental acerca das práticas de planejamento e intervenção dos períodos destacados com base em legislação, planos e projetos de cada um dos períodos; iii) coleta de iconografia representativa da época as quais as políticas foram executadas. Apresenta-se como resultados a hipótese de que a narrativa de uma pretensa ausência de planejamento como fator explicativo dos problemas da cidade é um discurso que não tem base na realidade, posto que historicamente é exatamente o oposto que a pesquisa indica, as modalidades de planejamento efetivadas em Belém acentuam problemas como a segregação socioespacial.Palavras-Chave: História, Planejamento Urbano, Modernidade, Belém.AbstractConsidering the dynamics and urban structure of Belém at the beginning of the 21st Century as an expression of the accumulation of urban interventions and planning and management practices of the city, the historical genealogy of urban planning is analyzed as a way of understanding production of a space that has as characteristic the negation of the nature and the production of the inequality between social classes. In this aspect, three specific periods were identified that produced significant impacts on the production of the urban space of Belém: the third quarter of the seventeenth century (1755 - 1777) with the reforms promoted in the Pombaline period in the Amazon, a time of expression of an urban and architectural design; the end of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth century (1890 - 1910), a time of great rise of the regional economy from the intensification of extractive activities that produced urban reforms with hygienic tones; and finally, the period between 1940 and 1970, which marked a series of planning proposals with a bureaucratic technical aproach in the production of space in Belém. This work established as following research methodology: i) survey bibliographical of theoretical and empirical character of the analyzed subject; ii) documentary survey of the planning and intervention practices of the highlighted periods based on municipal, state and federal legislation, as well as the master plans and development plans of the periods; iii) collection of iconography representative of the time to which the policies were executed in the urban space. The hypothesis is that the narrative of a supposed absence of planning as a factor of the city's problems is a discourse that has no basis in reality, since historically it is exactly the opposite that the research indicates, that is, the modalities in Belém accentuate problems such as socio-spatial segregation.Keywords: History, Urban Planning, Modernity, Belém.

scholarly journals Nueva York 1916. La ciudad sin límites | New York 1916. Unlimited city

ZARCH ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
José Durán Fernández
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New York City ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
York City ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City

La Ciudad de Nueva York fue pionera en la aplicación de un sistema de planificación de control urbano que pusiera orden y concierto a una ciudad que rebasa los 5 millones de habitantes a principios del siglo XX. Tal complejo organismo urbano, inédito hasta ese momento, fue objeto del más ambicioso plan urbano sobre una ciudad construida.Este artículo se destina al estudio de este originario plan urbano de 1916, el cual sentaría las bases, unas ciertamente visionarias otras excesivas, de la construcción de la Ciudad de Nueva York en todo el siglo XX. La Building Zone Resolution se creó con dos fines: resolver los problemas de congestión humana en un espacio reducido, la ciudad del presente, y proponer una visión del espacio urbano en las décadas venideras, la ciudad del futuro.El artículo es un compendio de diez textos cortos y un epílogo, que junto a sus respectivos diez documentos gráficos, construyen el corpus de la investigación. El lector pues se enfrenta a un ensayo gráfico formado por pequeños capítulos que le sumergirán en los orígenes de la primera ciudad vertical de la historia.PALABRAS CLAVE: Nueva York; Planeamiento; Visión urbana.The city of New York was a pioneer in the implementation of an urban control planning system that set in order a city that exceeds five million people in the early twentieth century. Such complex urban organism – invaluable until that moment – was the target for the most ambitious urban planning on a built city.This paper focuses on the study of this initial urban planning from 1916, which would set the basis, certainly some visionary yet others excessive, for the building of New York City throughout the 20th century. The Building Zone Resolution was created with two purposes: to solve the issues related to the human bundle in a limited space, the city of the present, and to aim a vision of the urban space in the forthcoming decades, the city of the future.The article is a compendium of ten short texts and one epilogue, which in combination with ten graphic documents, frame the corpus of this investigation. Thus, the reader will face a graphic essay composed by a series of brief chapters that highlight the beginning of the first vertical city in history.KEYWORDS: New York; Planning; Urban vision.

Reading Signs and Symbols with Abdelkébir Khatibi

2020 ◽  
pp. 237-260
Author(s):  
Rim Feriani ◽  
Jasmina Bolfek-Radovani ◽  
Debra Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Abdelkebir Khatibi ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Sign Systems ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Theories Of Meaning

This chapter considers the ways in which Khatibi’s practices of reading contribute to theories of meaning through his thinking on the deciphering of signs and symbols and of making sense of the world, and of the worlds of the text, in their multifaceted forms. It takes as its starting point what Khatibi terms, in his introductory essay ‘Le Cristal du Texte’ in La Bessure du Nom propre, ‘l’intersémiotique’, migrant signs which move between one sign system and another. Khatibi takes as his own project examples from semiotic systems found within Arabic and Islamic cultures, from both popular culture, such as the tattoo, to calligraphy and the language of the Koran, from the body to the text and beyond – including storytelling, mosaics, urban space, textiles. His readings reveal the intersemiotic and polysemic meanings created in the movements of these migrant signs between their sign systems. For Khatibi, this ‘infinity’ of the ‘text’ is linked also to a mobile and migrant identity refracted in the multifaceted surfaces of the crystal (hence the title of the essay – ‘Le Cristal du Texte’) rather than in one reflection as in a mirror. Moving from these concerns of Khatibi with which he develops his radical theory of the sign, of the word and of writing, the chapter goes on to propose new readings of a selection of other writers with a shared, but varied, relationship to their Islamic heritage. These are writers working with and through that heritage – and importantly, as for Khatibi, including the Sufi heritage – and whose writing is also resonant with Khatibi’s intersemiotic theoretical and cultural project concerned with the individual and the collective, the historical and the contemporary, the political, the social and the linguistic.

Market analysis beyond market fetishism

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Social Foundations ◽  
Unique System ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Capitalist Firm ◽  
Embedded Economy

This article responds to Peck’s call for a heterodox economic analysis of markets that is sensitive to their sociality and spatiality with Polanyi’s work as a starting point. It is argued that while Polanyi’s concept of the socially embedded economy offers a useful heuristic for apprehending the social foundations of economic activity, his analysis exhibits ‘market fetishism’ – a tendency to treat markets as things in and of themselves, without a proper appreciation of their inherently social foundations – and that this is reflected in broader scholarly discourses with respect to markets. Thus, it is argued, we need to augment Polanyi’s framework with other heterodox economic insights. The article outlines a four-step approach to ‘de-fetishizing’ markets. First, the article foregrounds the specifically capitalist nature of the global economy, and the ‘unique system of market dependence’ to which capitalist social relations give rise. Second, it is argued that de-fetishizing markets requires that an agent-centred approach be adopted. Rather than viewing markets as ‘things’ it is argued that they are most usefully understood as the interactions between agents, the most significant of which, within the contemporary global economy, is the large capitalist firm. Third, the interaction between such agents is structured by pervasive frameworks of rules. Fourth, it is argued that markets are inherently spatial phenomena. They are spatially constituted and contribute to the production of space.

scholarly journals Moving Urban Sculptures towards Sustainability: The Urban Sculpture Planning System in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4802
Author(s):  
Zhe Liu ◽  
Pieter Uyttenhove ◽  
Xin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Planning Strategies

Following the continuous development characterized by large-scale constructions, Chinese urban development has shifted to the promotion of refined urban space quality. Urban sculpture, an important part of public arts, has been receiving increased attention in China as an important carrier for highlighting urban characteristics, culture, and history within cultural policies. As a type of cultural capital, it offers innovative methods to address the issues of economic, social, and environmental sustainability, in particular cultural sustainability. Interdisciplinary theories of urban planning are creatively applied to guide, coordinate, and improve the sustainable production of urban sculptures in China. This research was initiated to: (1) Illustrate how urban sculptures are produced through an urban planning system in the context of China; (2) explain what kind of influencing factors in relation to sustainability exist, mainly within the framework of planning strategies and cultural policies; and (3) put forward sustainable planning strategies to produce urban sculptures. To answer the above inquiries, we reviewed more than 100 articles, plans, and government documents, and we conducted several semi-structured interviews. The article argues that urban planning strategies and policies have been conceived as strategic instruments by the Chinese municipal governments to realize sustainable development of urban sculptures. Our findings would enrich knowledge on geographic studies of public art planning through the contextualized analysis of a Chinese urban sculpture planning system. It also fills the gap in the literature on the sustainability of urban sculptures by approaching the perspectives of planning strategies and cultural policies.

scholarly journals Participation in Cities in Sociological Discourse

Discourse ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
A. A. Beschasnaya ◽  
N. N. Pokrovskaia
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
City Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

Introduction. The social practice of participativeness, active participation in the transformation of urban space in the interests of residents, is gaining popularity among the urban population. The study of this phenomenon is interest for obvious integration with management decisions. Expanding the practice of implementing social activity of the population and studying the components of participativeness determine the goal of writing the paper-the formation of a theoretical and methodological basis for studying this phenomenon.Methodology and source. The paper presents a review of classical and modern sociological theories that reveal the potential of empirical study of aspects of the manifestation of participation of urban residents. Among the mentioned by the authors are the theory of social action, social solidarity, phenomenology, social constructivism.Results and discussion. The problematic nature of living in cities and the penetration of these problems into the daily interaction of citizens forms the origins of solidary participation of citizens-individual and private interests form collective actions-processes. Multiple individual forms of citizens' activity on urban improvement are transformed into participativeness – institutionalized joint activity. Its participants can take differentiated positions in the social structure of the urban community according to the criteria of having a diverse experience of interaction, i.e. exchange, with the urban environment and taking a position in the city management structure, which determines the level of regulated authority to make managerial decisions. The problems of urban life that are common to different categories of citizens and the typification of social activity to solve them order the interaction of participants, organize and “produce” the urban space.Conclusion. In the process of reasoning, a theoretical model of the formation of participativeness is presented, which allows us to trace the transformation of activity of the urban population into the right to the city and the formation of a favorable urban environment.

scholarly journals PRODUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO E VALORIZAÇÃO DO SOLO URBANO: um estudo acerca da valorização do solo no Ibituruna, zona Oeste da cidade de Montes Claros/MG

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 164-191
Author(s):  
Valeria Aparecida Moreira Costa ◽  
Iara Soares de França
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
La Red

O espaço urbano é produzido através da ação de diferentes agentes que atuam por interesses diversos e o transforma. O processo de expansão da malha urbana se caracteriza pela ideia da mutabilidade do espaço, pelos diferentes usos do solo que permitem o surgimento das diferentes faces da valorização do solo urbano. Na cidade média de Montes Claros/MG, este processo tem avançado desde o final do século XX, ocasionando a crescente valorização do solo urbano. Partindo desta premissa, este artigo analisa a dinâmica de produção do espaço urbano em Montes Claros - MG, com ênfase na valorização do solo a partir do processo de produção social e econômica no Ibituruna, loteamento situado na zona oeste da cidade. A metodologia do trabalho consistiu em: análise bibliográfica, pesquisa exploratória e registros iconográficos, levantamento de dados econômicos do solo urbano junto à Prefeitura Municipal de Montes Claros, que são os valores para cálculo do Imposto Predial do Território Urbano - IPTU, denominados valor venal (2000 a 2017), assim como a mapoteca digital. Os resultados foram organizados em planilhas e sistematizados para elaboração de mapas no programa ArcGis, além de representação via imagem de satélite Word View (2014), sobreposta pelo shapefile logradouros do Perímetro Urbano de Montes Claros. Diante do exposto, observou-se que o Ibituruna permanece em constante processo de valorização, denota heterogeneidade intra bairro, configurando diferentes dinâmicas, paisagens, produtos e valores do solo urbano num mesmo loteamento.  Palavras-chave: Produção do Espaço; Valorização do Solo Urbano; Montes Claros; Ibituruna.   PRODUCTION OF THE SPACE AND URBAN LAND VALORIZATION: a study about the land valorization in Ibituruna, Montes Claros / MG ABSTRACT The action of different agents, driven by diverse interests, produces and transform the urban space throughout the social and capital production. The outstanding characteristic of urban sprawl is the idea of the mutability of the space, which happens through the multiple uses of the land that allow the emergence of different ways of the urban land valorization. In the intermediate city of Montes Claros / MG this process has progressed since the end of the twentieth century, causing a growing valorization of its urban land. Consequently, the present article analyzes the production of the urban space in Montes Claros - MG, emphasizing the urban land development, based on the social and economic production process in Ibituruna, an allotment located in the western part of the city.The methodology of the paper consisted of: bibliographic analysis, exploratory research and iconographic records, collection of economic data of the urban land in the Municipality of Montes Claros, which are the values for calculating the Property Tax of the Urban Territory (IPTU), as well as researches at the digital map library. The results were organized in spreadsheets and systematized for the elaboration of maps in the program ArcGIS. In addition, representation by satellite image Word View (2014) were superimposed on the Urban Perimeter of Montes Claros, by using the shapefile tool. Thus, we can conclude that Ibituruna remains in a constant valorization process, which denotes the heterogeneity of the neighborhood, showing different dynamics, landscapes, products and values of the urban land in the same allotment. Keywords: Production of space. Urban land valorization. Montes Claros. Ibituruna.   PRODUCCIÓN DEL ESPACIO Y VALORIZACIÓN DEL SUELO URBANO: un estudio sobre la valorización del suelo en el barrio Ibituruna, Montes Claros / MG RESUMEN El espacio urbano es producido a través de la acción de diferentes agentes que actúan por intereses diversos y lo transforma por la producción social y capital. El proceso de expansión de la red urbana se caracteriza por la idea de la mutabilidad del espacio, por los diferentes usos del suelo que permiten el surgimiento de las diferentes caras de la valorización del suelo urbano. En la ciudad media de Montes Claros / MG este proceso ha avanzado desde finales del siglo XX, ocasionando la creciente valorización del suelo urbano. A partir de esta proposición, este artículo analiza la dinámica de la producción del espacio en la ciudad de Montes Claros - MG, con énfasis en la valorización del suelo urbano a partir del proceso de producción social y económico en el barrio Ibituruna, que se encuentra situado en la zona oeste de la ciudad. La metodología del trabajo consistió en: análisis bibliográfico, investigación exploratoria y registros iconográficos, así como levantamiento de datos económicos del suelo urbano junto a la Municipalidad de la ciudad de Montes Claros, estos datos son los valores para cálculo del Impuesto Predial del Territorio Urbano - IPTU, denominados valor venal (IPTU, 2000 a 2017), así como la cartografía digital. Los resultados fueron organizados en planillas y sistematizados para la elaboración de mapas en el programa ArcGis, además una  representación vía imagen de satélite Word View (2014), superpuesta por el Shapefile logradouros del Perímetro Urbano de Montes Claros. Ante el expuesto, se observó que el Ibituruna permanece en constante proceso de valorización, lo que denota la heterogeneidad intra barrio, configurando diferentes dinámicas, paisajes, productos y valores del suelo urbano en una misma zona territorial. Palabras clave: Producción del espacio. Valorización del suelo urbano. Montes Claros-MG. Ibituruna.

scholarly journals The gentrification approach as an analytical tool in assessing the effects of participatory urban policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Łukasz Drozda
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Policy Science ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Participatory Techniques ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The objective of the article is to present the assumptions of the gentrification approach, which allows one to assess the impact of public spatial actions undertaken by various actors in the process of social production of space. The study proposes a research methodology that distinguishes the social, economic and spatial dimensions of gentrification. The author makes use of source literature on the subject of gentrification and public policy theories as well as the results of the author’s gentrification research conducted in Warsaw, New York and Istanbul on examples of places that were planned using various types of participatory techniques. The study performs the operationalisation of the measurement of gentrification as a useful analytical tool in policy science.

Transformation of Urban Space by Smart Technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-113
Author(s):  
Burak Belli ◽  
Turgay Kerem Koramaz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
Urban Planning And Management ◽  
The City

This chapter evaluates the Istanbul Historical Peninsula, which has been the historical, cultural, and financial core of the city, in its quest for becoming smart(er) with reference to the five principles that are put forth by Mitchell, in his 1999 book e-topia. The chapter aims to define the role of ICTs in urban planning and management of Istanbul Historical Peninsula by depicting its fields of use in redesigning the societal, financial, and cultural aspects of urban life in the area. Additionally, the transformative feature of these technologies, used in urban planning, conservation, and heritage management, will be validated whether they serve for a vision and a strategic framework of transitioning the community into an information society.

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