scholarly journals Study cases of two small medium size enterprises (SMEs) in the southern metropolitan region of Buenos Aires

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-114
Author(s):  
Cintia Nelly Russo ◽  
Patricia Gutti
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Family Management ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Do So

The main purpose of the paper is to understand which specific strategies Argentinian small medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) adopted during the second half of the 20th century to adapt to and confront economic cycles, and how the learning process allowed them to endure over time. To do so, we focus on the learning paths of two metallurgy firms established in the Quilmes District, south of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Region: SINPAR (1931), and Gora (1958), which have accumulated experience and recognition at the local level, for more than sixty years. By studying those companies, we aim to a twofold result. The first is to show that the strategies of the SMEs in the manufacturing sector are based on internal capabilities of meeting demand and responding to the domestic economy. The second one associates the long-term endurance of companies with a strong family management structure over more than one generation. Based on those results, we will argue that the SMEs lasted over time because their founders and successors developed the ability to adapt and of learning how to respond to and take advantage of the uncertainty, restrictions and opportunities of the Argentinian economy.

Raptor Prey Remains

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Drewitt
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
Prey Remains ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Prey Populations

Are you curious about the remains of an animal you have found? This compilation of the most likely found body parts of animals eaten by raptors will help you identify your discovery. Including over 100 species of bird and mammal prey of raptors such as sparrowhawks, peregrines and hen harriers, this photographic guide highlights the common feathers, fur and other body parts found at raptor nests, roosts, plucking posts and other opportunistic spots. Discovering what raptors eat is an important part of confirming their feeding ecology and how this might change over time, vary on a local level or in response to changing prey populations, as well as dispelling myths and assumptions about what certain raptor species eat. Diet studies are vital for the conservation of raptor species; the more we know about what they need for survival the more we can predict and plan long-term for the protection and survival of raptors that may be vulnerable and in decline. This is the first book to show in detail the actual parts of a bird, mammal or other animal that you are likely to find in a garden, woodland or beneath a raptor roost. As more people take an interest in raptors and watch species such as peregrines via webcams and through watch groups, there is greater opportunity for finding prey remains. This book provides the first and most important step in identifying a prey species.

Local Water Politics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Hughes ◽  
Megan Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Water Politics ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Over Time

Decentralization in water management authority has shifted decision-making to the local level and expanded participation to include a wider set of actors. The result is a politics of water that is more variable than in the past, across space and over time, reflecting the diversity of local values and local water resources. Fragmentation of policy responsibility offers potential for more environmental and financial sustainability in the long term, but in the short term it requires management agencies and stakeholders to find ways to interact effectively. How we design our local institutions, and the incentives that higher levels of government provide for directing local decisions, will help determine whether the new approach produces a more sustainable and resilient water future.

scholarly journals INCOME INEQUALITY AS A RESULT OF THE DIFFERENT SECTORAL STRUCTURE AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Monika Daňová ◽  
Ivana Kravčáková Vozárová ◽  
Roman Vavrek
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nominal Wage ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Market Factors

Long-term income differences between regions are undesirable from an economic and social point of view. Nevertheless, they are a long-term phenomenon in many countries. Although comparing the countries with each other, the situation appears to be similar. The assumption of reducing the differences in the size of household income is to identify objectively the determinants of wages. According to published opinions, the difference in labor income is due to the different value of the marginal product of labor and thus the resulting wage. Alternative views associate wage size with market factors - the labor market situation, the overall wealth of households, the location of the region, the increase or dampening of the economic activity of the system. The aim of this paper is to analyze and quantify the influence of different branch structure on the regional nominal wage. The model change estimates the possible change in the regional wage caused by the change in the representation of individual sectors in the regions of Slovakia. The factors considered for regional disparities are the representation of the manufacturing sector, sectoral labor productivity and labor market participation.

Quotas as Opportunities and Obstacles: Revisiting Gender Quotas in India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Brian Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Women Politicians ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Theoretical Expectation ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Do So

Abstract This article addresses the empirical uncertainty regarding whether gender quotas establish a foundation of political representation and experience that encourages female candidates to compete against men. It updates and expands existing empirical research by contributing an analysis of the most recent electoral data across four municipal corporations in India over two election cycles. Critical questions on the theoretical expectation that gender quotas should encourage and enable women politicians to compete in open-gender contests over time are considered. The Indian quota system has not encouraged women to broadly compete outside the quota at the local level but has made some wards more likely to elect women. Parties also continue to resist nominating women outside the quota but are more likely to do so in wards previously represented by a woman. Finally, the unique overlap of gender and community quotas can discourage incumbency by essentially blocking incumbents from running again in their ward due to shifting community requirements.

Rational Powers in Action

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Tenenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Deep Structure ◽  
Intentional Action ◽  
Instrumental Rationality ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Fundamental Structure ◽  
Action Theories ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Do So

Human actions unfold over time, in pursuit of ends that are not fully specified in advance. Rational Powers in Action locates these features of the human condition at the heart of a new theory of instrumental rationality. Where many theories of rational agency focus on instantaneous choices between sharply defined outcomes, treating the temporally extended and partially open-ended character of action as an afterthought, this book argues that the deep structure of instrumental rationality can only be understood if we see how it governs the pursuit of long-term, indeterminate ends. These are ends that cannot be realized through a single momentary action, and whose content leaves partly open what counts as realizing the end. For example, one cannot simply write a book through an instantaneous choice to do so; over time, one must execute a variety of actions to realize one’s goal of writing a book, where one may do a better or worse job of attaining that goal, and what counts as succeeding at it is not fully determined in advance. Even to explain the rational governance of much less ambitious actions like making dinner, this book argues that we need to focus on temporal duration and the indeterminacy of ends in intentional action. Theories of moment-by-moment preference maximization, or indeed any understanding of instrumental rationality on the basis of momentary mental items, cannot capture the fundamental structure of our instrumentally rational capacities. This book puts forward a theory of instrumental rationality as rationality in action.

scholarly journals Rousseau and the Qualified Support of Matriarchal Rule

Humanities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Boleslaw Z. Kabala
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Men I ◽  
The Difference ◽  
States Of Nature ◽  
Indirect Rule ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Do So

The article investigates the relations between men and women in Rousseau’s major works to uncover the possibility of a long-term rule of women over men. Rousseau does provide examples of alternating rule between the sexes. However, given that the rule of prominent women like Sophie and Julie is indirect and more Machiavellian than that of men, I make the case that Rousseau sees straightforward control by women as more consistent with modern conditions (specifically in an indirect-rule as opposed to an instrumental-rationality sense). First, I provide examples of Sophie’s rule in Emile. Sophie rules Emile especially through acts of charity that incline Emile to participate in the project that Sophie has undertaken, making him more capable of willing generally. Second, I show that Julie at Clarens rules a number of the men there and particularly in the administration of the estate. Interestingly, like Sophie’s, her power is communicated through concrete examples of charitable action. Rousseau writes that, as a result, those around her are imbued with the spirit to contribute to the projects of importance to her, which also renders them more apt to will generally. Interestingly, two women as different as Sophie and Julie rule men in the same way: through charity. They do so as the result of a religious education. And, whereas religious education in Rousseau is in general anti-metaphysical, this is especially true for women compared to men. The examples of Sophie and Julie do, therefore, take us into territory of the sexes alternating in rule. But the difference in education suggests that for Rousseau their rule goes deeper and represents a relation more fundamental than the rule of men over women. The possibility is further confirmed through an analysis of Rousseau’s states of nature. At the end of the day, the reevaluation of relations between the sexes in Rousseau’s work is long overdue. I engage a rich scholarly literature and embark on a rereading of several of Rousseau’s works to offer a fresh interpretation that suggests the citizen of Geneva was not only open to a significant increase in the power of women over time, but that he actually favored matriarchy. The argument hopefully underscores the way in which great works are both timely and timeless.

Aspects of the Evolution of the Romanian Tourists’ Preferences Concerning the Domestic Tourist Destinations

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Aniela Bălăcescu ◽  
Radu Șerban Zaharia
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Model ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
On Line ◽  
The One ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract Tourist services represent a category of services in which the inseparability of production and consumption, the inability to be storable, the immateriality, and last but not least non-durability, induces in tourism management a number of peculiarities and difficulties. Under these circumstances the development of medium-term strategies involves long-term studies regarding on the one hand the developments and characteristics of the demand, and on the other hand the tourist potential analysis at regional and local level. Although in the past 20 years there has been tremendous growth of on-line booking made by household users, the tour operators agencies as well as those with sales activity continue to offer the specific services for a large number of tourists, that number, in the case of domestic tourism, increased by 1.6 times in case of the tour operators and by 4.44 times in case of the agencies with sales activity. At the same time, there have been changes in the preferences of tourists regarding their holiday destinations in Romania. Started on these considerations, paper based on a logistic model, examines the evolution of the probabilities and scores corresponding to the way the Romanian tourists spend their holidays on the types of tourism agencies, actions and tourist areas in Romania.

Pengaruh Financial Leverage terhadap Financial Performance pada Sektor Industri Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Periode 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Rivaldy Februansyah ◽  
Ika Yanuarti
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
Internal Fund

The manufacturing sector is one of the most dominant economic sectors in in achieving growth and development in Indonesia. It needs adequate fund to develop its business. The sources of fund are from internal and external. The firm usually optimized the usage of internal fund prior to external fund. The internal fund comes from equity while the external funds are from debt and stock. Debt is also known as financial leverage. There is a phenomenon that the usage of debt increased the firm’s financial performance, since interest on debt could lower the payment of tax (tax shield). On the other side, the higher the financial leverage the higher the risk of bankruptcy. This research aims to analyze whether financial leverage has an influence on financial performance in the manufacturing sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) period 2015. The method of analysis used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. This research uses quantitative approach with a sample of 140 listed companies in the manufacturing industry. The firm’s financial performance could be measured by the financial ratios. Financial Leverage ratios are ratios that measure the ability of firm’s to meet its financial obligation and the level of usage debt as compared to equity. There are several financial leverage ratios that used in this research, such as Debt Ratio (DR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR), and Long Term Debt Ratio (LTDR). Financial performance indicates the ability of firm to generate profit and measured by Profitability Ratio. Return on Asset (ROA) is one of the Profitability Ratio. The statistical result shows that Debt Ratio (DR) negatively affect Return on Asset (ROA) and Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) positively affect Return on Asset (ROA). Meanwhile, Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Long Term Debt Ratio (LTDR) did not affect Return on Asset (ROA). On the other hand, result shows that Debt Ratio (DR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR), and Long Term Debt Ratio (LTDR) affect Return on Asset (ROA) simultaneously. Keywords: Financial Leverage, Debt Ratio (DR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR), Long Term Debt Ratio (LTDR), Financial Performance, Return on Assets (ROA)

Enhancing community welfare through improved water quality: a case for applying staggered pollution charges in the river Musi sub-basin of Andhra Pradesh, India

Water Policy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-483
Author(s):  
Tishya Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Community Acceptance ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Over Time

In conditions of severe water-pollution and dormant community acceptance of accumulating environmental damage, the regulator's role goes beyond pollution prevention and more towards remediation and solutions based on the community's long-term expectations of economic benefits from clean water. This paper suggests a method to enable these benefits to become perceptible progressively, through participatory clean-up operations, supported by staggered pollution charges. It analyses the relevant literature on pollution prevention and applies a cost-based “willingness to pay” model, using primary basin-level data of total marginal costs. It develops a replicable demand-side approach imposing charge-standard targets over time in urban-industrial basins of developing countries.

The Short-Term and Long-Term Impacts of Sarbanes-Oxley Act on Composition and Characteristics of Corporate Board of Directors

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Kaya ◽  
Gaurango Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Board Composition ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Corporate Accountability ◽  
Corporate Board ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Board Characteristics ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Over Time

The paper examines the Sarbanes-Oxley (2002) Acts immediate impact on board composition and characteristics as well as possible reversals in its impact over time. Effects on directors age and tenure are analyzed over the 2001-06 sample period. Female participation in corporate boards is also studied in the pre-SOX and post-SOX periods. The dual roles of directors in being a member of the board as well as serving as either CEO, CFO, Chairman, Co-Chair, Founder, or Lead Director of their respective companies is also examined. We observe a short-term impact of SOX on board compositions due to changes seen in board characteristics between 2001 (pre-SOX), and 2003-05 short-term period (post-SOX). Also, we observe a reversal of board characteristics in 2006 to pre-SOX levels implying that the effects of SOX on board composition were short-lived, and needs to be monitored over time to ensure adherence to corporate accountability guidelines over the long-term.

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