scholarly journals INCOME INEQUALITY AS A RESULT OF THE DIFFERENT SECTORAL STRUCTURE AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Monika Daňová ◽  
Ivana Kravčáková Vozárová ◽  
Roman Vavrek
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nominal Wage ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Market Factors

Long-term income differences between regions are undesirable from an economic and social point of view. Nevertheless, they are a long-term phenomenon in many countries. Although comparing the countries with each other, the situation appears to be similar. The assumption of reducing the differences in the size of household income is to identify objectively the determinants of wages. According to published opinions, the difference in labor income is due to the different value of the marginal product of labor and thus the resulting wage. Alternative views associate wage size with market factors - the labor market situation, the overall wealth of households, the location of the region, the increase or dampening of the economic activity of the system. The aim of this paper is to analyze and quantify the influence of different branch structure on the regional nominal wage. The model change estimates the possible change in the regional wage caused by the change in the representation of individual sectors in the regions of Slovakia. The factors considered for regional disparities are the representation of the manufacturing sector, sectoral labor productivity and labor market participation.

Japanese Direct Investment and its Impact on Migration in the ASEAN 4

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 265-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoichi Ito ◽  
Yasushi Iguchi
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Domestic Labor ◽  
Market Situation

Although the manufacturing sector's share of employment is still small in ASEAN-4 countries, the development of manufacturing, especially labor-intensive industries, will be indispensable for absorbing part of the increase in labor force. In these countries, Japanese direct investment (JDI) has been more highly concentrated in the manufacturing sector than JDI in other regions. The Japanese “New Asian Industrial Development (AID) Plan” is a comprehensive economic cooperation package, which supports the introduction of JDI and the promotion of exports in ASEAN-4 countries. JDI and AID may, in turn, help alleviate the domestic labor market situation and reduce the incentive for workers of ASEAN-4 countries to migrate to work overseas.

scholarly journals Long-term Sickness Absence Among Professionals: Investigating Gender, Socioeconomic Position and Care Work

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Å. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
Care Worker

This study investigates whether the risk of long-term sickness absence among professionals de- pends upon their socioeconomic position and whether they do caring work. It also explores whether the variation in risk can be attributed to sociodemographic and labor market factors.The event history analysis is based on longitudinal register data from the entire population of Norwegian professionals from 2003 to 2013.The results showed that both low socioeconomic position and being a care worker was associated with long-term sickness absence.The group with the highest risk was professionals of lower socioeconomic position doing caring work.While the results were similar for men and women, the relative risk of sickness absence was higher for male professionals. Sociodemographic and labor market factors partly explained the observed association, and even more so for men. Several candidate explanations for the remaining association as well as potential implications for social policy are discussed.

Ethical Values Reassessed: Rethinking the Covid19 Pandemic First Triage Guidelines

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
Sabine Hauser ◽  
◽  
Rouven Porz ◽  
Maria Aluaș ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Meta Level ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference

"In March 2020, many countries in commissions and medical societies moved very quickly to draft fair and transparent triage guidelines; this in order to plan ahead for possible resource bottlenecks in the treatment of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units. There are a lot of consciously chosen (but also less reflected) ethical values in these guidelines. Our presentation compares the values of eight of such guidelines, but first shows how to read such values in the first place. Many health professionals are hardly aware of the explicit presentation of ethical-philosophical values. From a methodological point of view, this presentation is based on a hermeneutic-ethical approach. The guidelines are interpreted, an interpretation aid is developed, and the values of the guidelines are reconsidered in comparison. On a meta-level, we could identify different types of values, besides medical and ethical values, the guidelines were also filled with procedural, structural and legal-political values. On a content level, the unreflective handling of the value of autonomy, which often competes with the value of public health, is particularly evident. This competition is little reflected. Another point of divergence between the guidelines is the degree of precision or the difference between long-term and short-term medical prognosis. We believe that with our analysis we can contribute to making value discussions in health care more open and explicit. We would like to present these conclusions for discussion at this year’s EACME conference in Cluj. "

scholarly journals Vocational Training, Labor Market and Immigration Policy in Russia

Economica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Igor Molchanov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Business Sectors

In point of view of labour market the immigration has become the major factor in recent times. The main tasks of immigration policy: compensation of labour shortages in relation with demographic and aging population problems; to satisfy the long-term demand for labour in some business sectors; to ensure the labor supply of innovation-qualified investment processes; organizing of preparation of experts from requested profession; to limit the short-term unskilledlabor immigration; creating the necessary conditions and broaden the opportunities for immigration for business use.

scholarly journals Impact of Flexicurity Policies on the Romanian Labor Market

ECONOMICS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Adriana Grigorescu ◽  
Arina Mihaela Niculescu Diaconu
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Model ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Recovery ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Along with joining the EU and with the desire to be compatible with the European labor market, flexicurity begins to penetrate gradually the Romanian labor market, becoming a topical concept, an economic and social recovery tool. In the simplest possible way, flexicurity can be defined as the compromise between flexibility and work safety. The flexicurity principle was born as a solution to the European dilemma: how to increase the competitiveness of European enterprises in global competition without sacrificing the European social model. Although a gradual passage is attempted, the tradition of a profession inherited from one generation to another or a stable job still exists in the human resource mentality, but it no longer exists in the present society. The concept of flexicurity is relatively new, introduced in Europe in 2006, when the principles of flexicurity were developed, but they were implemented according to the economic specificity of each EU member state. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects that EU accession has had on the Romanian labor market and the subsequent steps to harmonize Romania with the European Union requirements from the point of view of human resources management, flexicurity at the labor market. In Romania, the flexicurity balance is balanced, in the sense that the trade unions support a broader level of security, and the employers tend to a greater degree of flexibility. In conclusion, the Romanian labor market to develop a high degree of flexicurity must aim at increasing employment and reducing long-term unemployment, promoting workplace security and reducing the rigidity of labor law, especially in case of voluntary dissolution of firms, or of collective redundancies. In addition, the flexibility of collective and individual work contracts is also sought.

scholarly journals Study cases of two small medium size enterprises (SMEs) in the southern metropolitan region of Buenos Aires

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-114
Author(s):  
Cintia Nelly Russo ◽  
Patricia Gutti
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Family Management ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Do So

The main purpose of the paper is to understand which specific strategies Argentinian small medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) adopted during the second half of the 20th century to adapt to and confront economic cycles, and how the learning process allowed them to endure over time. To do so, we focus on the learning paths of two metallurgy firms established in the Quilmes District, south of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Region: SINPAR (1931), and Gora (1958), which have accumulated experience and recognition at the local level, for more than sixty years. By studying those companies, we aim to a twofold result. The first is to show that the strategies of the SMEs in the manufacturing sector are based on internal capabilities of meeting demand and responding to the domestic economy. The second one associates the long-term endurance of companies with a strong family management structure over more than one generation. Based on those results, we will argue that the SMEs lasted over time because their founders and successors developed the ability to adapt and of learning how to respond to and take advantage of the uncertainty, restrictions and opportunities of the Argentinian economy.

scholarly journals Increasing the efficiency of Russian uranium mining enterprises in conditions of excessive supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 06006
Author(s):  
A. Dudina ◽  
M. Shabalov ◽  
L. Nikolaichuk
Keyword(s):  
Uranium Mining ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excess Amount ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Mining Centers ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
The Cost

The article describes the current situation in the global uranium concentrate market, explains the reasons for the formation of an excess amount of finished goods and the subsequent decreasein prices. The authorsevaluated the prospects of using market mechanisms to improve the financial results of Russian uranium mining enterprises. The location of the main mining centers in comparison with the centers of consumption of finished goods, pricing for the products of uranium mining companies, the dynamics of price changes over the past 20 years, the influence of non-market factors on the supply of finished products are analyzed.This study led to the conclusion that the expectation of changes in the market situation is not viable in a long term. The authors outlined the direction to improve the profitability of mining enterprises by introducing technological changes aimed at reducing the cost of the final product.

scholarly journals Economic crisis and situation on the labor market in countries of European Union in the years 2007-2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Mariusz Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Part Time

The article analyses influence of prosperity conditions on the labor market. The principal aim of the article is to determine the main trends on the labor market in Poland and other chosen countries in European Union. The research problem has been formulated as follows: economic crisis have an major influence on changes in level and structure of employment and unemployment. The theoretical part of the article presents characteristics changes on the labor market from the macro-economical point of view and personal strategies of companies, at the time of economic crisis. The practical part of the article is based on method of statistical analysis. Statistical analysis embraces changes in: level and structure of employment (especially level of part time employed, temporary employed, self-employed) and level and structure of unemployment (especially level of long-term unemployment and unemployment of the young). Statistical data show that economic crisis in European Union caused: fall in level of employment, increase in level of unemployment, major changes in structure of employment and very small changes in structure of unemployment.

scholarly journals RE-EMIGRATION TO UKRAINE: FOREIGN POLICY PROSPECTS AND IMPLICATIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Ch. Namoniuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Migration Strategy ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Economic State ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Educational Migration ◽  
Policy Problems

The article reveals the main foreign policy problems of Ukraine in the connection with the growth of the population emigration activity. It allocates the most mobile categories of citizens who are most likely to emigrate. The paper names the main causes of emigration in terms of extortion and attraction factors for Ukrainians. It explains the difference between the consequences and the threats from short-term (seasonal) and long-term, as well as educational migration, with the subsequent change of the residence country forever. The study suggests a number of measures to accelerate the return of Ukrainian emigrants to their homeland and their reintegration in the framework of the adopted state migration strategy by means of developing effective motivational programs for the high-educated Ukrainian citizens who have traveled abroad to gain important professional experience in the political and social-economic state-building processes in highly developed countries. The investigation projects the further growth of Ukrainian population migration sentiment in case the negative tendencies of reforms immitating in the most important spheres are preserved and the general population impoverishment on the backdrop of exhausting protracted military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine takes place. The article reveals positive effects of return migration to Ukraine from the state development humanitarian investments and Ukraine’s international political situation improvement point of view.

REPORT FROM THE SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE PT: "PROJECT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF LOCAL LONG-TERM BALLS IN OPEN HOUSE" WHICH WAS REACHED ON 31 AUGUST 2016 IN THE HEART OF WARSAW HIGH SCHOOL IN OTWOCK

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Dariusz Prokopowicz
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Local Currency ◽  
Parallel Currency ◽  
Market Situation

On August 31st, 2016, a scientific conference entitled "Implementation of parallel local currency in Otwock District" was held in Otwock near Otwock. The main topic of discussion during this Conference was the methodological assumptions of various concepts and formulas for the implementation of the parallel local currency in local government units applicable in the Otwock District. After several years of implementation of this type of parallel currency there should be positive trends confirming the acceleration of growth of the local economy, including improvement of the labor market situation and increase of tax revenues of the budget of the Otwock District, which will translate into increased investment in local infrastructure and improvement of quality of public services provided. Increased expenditure on education and public sector institutions' offerings.

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