Effect of Freezing, Long-Term Storage, and Microwave Thawing on the Stability of Ketorolac Tromethamine

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1654-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Daniel Hecq ◽  
Laurence P Boitquin ◽  
Danielle F Vanbeckbergen ◽  
Jacques Jamart ◽  
Laurence M Galanti
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Ketorolac Tromethamine ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Term Storage

BACKGROUND: Ketorolac tromethamine is a nonsteroidal agent with potent analgesic and moderate antiinflammatory activity. Advance preparation of intravenous solution could be useful to improve quality assurance, time management, and cost-savings of drug delivery. Objective: To investigate the effect of freezing, long-term storage, and microwave thawing on the stability of ketorolac tromethamine in dextrose 5% infusion. METHODS: Five polyolefin bags of solution containing ketorolac tromethamine 20 mg per 100 mL of dextrose 5% were frozen for 3 months at −20 °C, thawed in a microwave oven with a validated cycle, and stored at 4 °C. The concentration of ketorolac was measured by HPLC. Visual inspection and pH measurement were also carried out. RESULTS: No color change or precipitation was observed. Ketorolac was stable for at least 60 days under refrigeration after freeze–thaw. Throughout this period, the lower confidence limit of the estimated regression line of the concentration–time profile remained >90% of the initial concentration, and the pH value decreased slightly without affecting chromatographic parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Within these limits, ketorolac tromethamine in dextrose 5% infusion may be prepared and frozen in advance by a centralized intravenous admixture service, then thawed before use in clinical units.

Stability and epimerisation behaviour of ergot alkaloids in various solvents

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hafner ◽  
M. Sulyok ◽  
R. Schuhmacher ◽  
C. Crews ◽  
R. Krska
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Carbonate Buffer ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Extraction Mixture ◽  
Term Storage

In this paper the stability and degree of epimerisation of six major ergot alkaloids at three different temperature levels (-20 °C, +4 °C and +20 °C) over periods of 18 hours and six weeks is reported for the first time. The behaviour of ergometrine, ergocornine, ergocristine, α-ergocryptine, ergosine and ergotamine was thoroughly studied in seven solvents which are employed for the preparation of calibrants and extraction mixtures, respectively. Moreover, the stability of the ergot alkaloids was tested in different cereal extracts (rye, wheat, barley, oats) for 1, 2 and 6 days. Of the toxins tested, the ergopeptide-type toxins ergosine, ergotamine, ergocornine, α-ergocryptine and ergocristine showed similar behaviour patterns. The simple lysergic acid derivative ergometrine was more stable and showed hardly any epimerisation to ergometrinine, with the sum of both epimers remaining constant in all seven solvents. The ergopeptides tested show variable epimerisation tendencies, and were also less stable during six weeks at 20 °C. Ergosine showed the highest degree of epimerisation (43% after 6 weeks at 20 °C). In general, the order of epimerisation promotion was methanol/dichloromethane > acetonitrile/buffer > extraction mix > stabilising solution > acetonitrile >> chloroform. Long-term storage at room temperature can only be carried out in chloroform, which showed no epimerisation for all toxins even at 20 °C and also kept the sum of R and S forms constant, which indicates no formation of aci-epimers or other degradation products. Long-term storage of ergot alkaloids in acetonitrile, the most convenient solvent with respect to HPLC analysis, should be carried out at temperatures of -20 °C or below. The constant epimer ratio of all ergot alkaloids in the extraction mixture acetonitrile/ammonium carbonate buffer (200 mg/l; 92:8, v/v) during an HPLC run (18 hours) demonstrates the stability of the toxins in this extraction mixture.

The Carbonate-Hardening Lime Construction Material Properties Formation during their Long-Term Storage and Use under Normal Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay V. Lyubomirskiy ◽  
Tamara A. Bakhtina ◽  
Alexander S. Bakhtin ◽  
Sergey I. Fedorkin
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Long Storage ◽  
Quality Construction

This paper presents the lime binding forced carbonate-hardening materials properties formation study and determins the stability of these properties during long-term storage and use under normal conditions. The tests showed these materials stability properties over time, confirming the strength and density growth of the test samples after long storage due to the calcium hydroxide recrystallization completion into calcium carbonate processes. Also, the results of the samples carbonate hardening study under natural conditions during 18 months are presented. An efficiency assessment of forced carbonate hardening as one of the methods of recycling technogenic CO2 in order to reduce its emissions in the atmosphere, and, in the result, to obtain high-quality construction materials has been made.

Synthesis Optimization of Guanidinium Dinitramide (GDN)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 6855-6861
Author(s):  
Wooram Kim ◽  
Mijeong Park ◽  
Jong-Ki Jeon ◽  
Youngmin Jo
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Resonance Structure ◽  
Kcal Mole ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Infrared Frequencies ◽  
Term Storage

Dinitramide anion [−N(NO2)2] salt composed of resonance structure is a plausible oxidizing agents, as efficient propellant. Among them, guanidinium dinitramide (GDN) is an organic compound improving the stability against moisture, as well long term storage. An additional advantage composed guanidinium ion is the reaction efficient via the decomposed by-product during pyrognostics, maximum yield of 99%. The types of GDN (GDN-I, II, III, IV, V) were synthesized using several starting material such as guanidine acetate, chloride, carbonate, nitrate and sulfate under hydrodeprivation. In this work, the intermediates formed in these processes were closely identified and their thermal properties, and chemical structure were examined. The absorption peaks by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) were found guanidinium infrared frequencies (3452, 3402, 3354, 3278, 1642 cm−1) and dinitramide infrared frequencies (3208, 1570, 1492, 1416, 1337, 1179, 1000 cm−1). The activation energy of GDN samples were obtained Ea = 53.26 Kcal/mole (GDN-I), 50.94 Kcal/mole (GDN-II), 52.34 Kcal/mole (GDN-III), 62.19 Kcal/mole (GDN-IV), 55.32 Kcal/mole (GDN-V) from exothermic at over 153°C.

scholarly journals Stability of Folate and Vitamin B12in Human Serum after Long-Term Storage: A Follow-Up after 13 Years

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugène H. J. M. Jansen ◽  
Piet K. Beekhof
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Term Storage

In epidemiological and nutrition research, it is very important to evaluate the stability of biomarkers as function of both storage time and temperature. In this study, the stability of folate and vitamin B12in human serum samples has been tested after long-term storage at −80°C up to 13 years. Serum samples of 16 individuals were used in this study. The concentration of folate and vitamin B12has been determined att=0and at 1, 8, and 13 years after storage at −80°C. The folate concentrations in serum samples remained stable at −80°C. The concentration of vitamin B12was decreasing during the time of the study to about 50%. The correlation of the folate and also of the vitamin B12concentrations in the stored samples compared with the starting values was still good. Therefore, although the concentration of vitamin B12decreased upon storage, reliable comparative analyses can still be performed.

scholarly journals Influence of processing factors on the stability of model mayonnaise with whole egg during long-term storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Ariizumi ◽  
Megumi Kubo ◽  
Akihiro Handa ◽  
Takashi Hayakawa ◽  
Kentaro Matsumiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Storage ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Processing Factors ◽  
Whole Egg ◽  
Term Storage

scholarly journals Changes of salivary biomarkers under different storage conditions: effects of temperature and length of storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Barranco ◽  
Asta Tvarijonaviciute ◽  
Damián Escribano ◽  
Fernando Tecles ◽  
José J Cerón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Term Storage

Introduction: In this report, we aimed to examine the stability of various analytes in saliva under different storage conditions. Materials and methods: Alpha-amylase (AMY), cholinesterase (CHE), lipase (Lip), total esterase (TEA), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), lactate (Lact), adenosine deaminase (ADA), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing ability (FRAS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), uric acid (UA), catalase (CAT), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were colorimetrically measured in saliva obtained by passive drool from 12 healthy voluntary donors at baseline and after 3, 6, 24, 72 hours, 7 and 14 days at room temperature (RT) and 4 ºC, and after 14 days, 1, 3 and 6 months at – 20 ºC and – 80 ºC. Results: At RT, changes appeared at 6 hours for TEA and H2O2; 24 hours for Lip, CK, ADA and CUPRAC; and 72 hours for LD, Lact, FRAS, UA and AOPP. At 4 ºC changes were observed after 6 hours for TEA and H2O2; 24 hours for Lip and CUPRAC; 72 hours for CK; and 7 days for LD, FRAS and UA. At – 20 ºC changes appeared after 14 days for AST, Lip, CK and LD; and 3 months for TEA and H2O2. At – 80 ºC observed changes were after 3 months for TEA and H2O2. Conclusions: In short-term storage, the analytes were more stable at 4 ºC than at room temperature, whereas in long-term storage they were more stable at - 80 ºC than at – 20 ºC.

scholarly journals Long-Term Stability of Lorazepam in Sodium Chloride 0.9% Stored at Different Temperatures in Different Containers

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
M. L. Colsoul ◽  
A. Breuer ◽  
N. Goderniaux ◽  
J. D. Hecq ◽  
L. Soumoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Glass Bottles ◽  
The Stability

Background and Objective: Infusion containing lorazepam is used by geriatric department to limit anxiety disorders in the elderly. Currently, these infusions are prepared according to demand by the nursing staff, but the preparation in advance in a centralized service could improve quality of preparation and time management. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term stability of this infusion in polypropylene syringes stored at 5 ± 3°C. Then, results obtained were compared with stability data of lorazepam in syringes stored at room temperature, glass bottles at 5 ± 3°C, and glass bottles at room temperature. Method: Eight syringes and 6 bottles of infusion were prepared by diluting 1 mL lorazepam 4 mg in 23 mL of NaCl 0.9% under aseptic conditions. Five syringes and 3 bottles were stored at 5 ± 3°C and 3 syringes and 3 bottles were stored at room temperature for 30 days. During the storage period, particle appearance or color change were periodically checked by visual and microscope inspection. Turbidity was assessed by measurements of optical density (OD) at 3 wavelengths (350 nm, 410 nm, 550 nm). The stability of pH was also evaluated. The lorazepam concentrations were measured at each time point by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector at 220 nm. Results: Solutions were physically unstable in syringes at 5 ± 3°C after 4 days: crystals and a drop of OD at 350 nm were observed. However, pH was stable. After 2 days, solutions were considered as chemically unstable because a loss of lorazepam concentration higher than 10% was noticed: the lower 1-sided confidence limit at 95% was below 90% of the initial concentration. To assess temperature and polypropylene influence, results were compared with those obtained for syringes at room temperature and bottles at 5 ± 3°C and room temperature. Precipitation, drop of OD at 350 nm, and chemical instability were observed in all conditions. Conclusion: Solutions of lorazepam were unstable after 2 days in syringes at 5 ± 3°C. Preparation in advance appears, therefore, not possible for the clinical use. Storage conditions (temperature and form) do not improve the stability.

Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Immersion of Porous Silicon in Aqueous Solutions of Li and Fe Salts on the Stability, Peak Position and Intensity of its Photoluminescence

2018 ◽  
Vol 386 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Nikolay G. Galkin ◽  
Dmitrii Tkhyarbonovich Yan ◽  
Konstantin N. Galkin ◽  
Evgeniy Anatolievich Chusovitin ◽  
Mikhail Victorovich Bozhenko
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Term Storage

In the process of comparative studies of immersing layers of porous silicon (PS) in aqueous solutions of LiBr and Fe (NO3)3 with subsequent long-term storage up to 150 days, it is established that there exists: (1) the range of concentrations of LiBr (S/2 - S/4) and Fe (NO3)3 (0.2 M), which provide the maximum increase in the intensity of PL; (2) at low concentrations of both salts, a blue shift of the PL peaks and an increase in their intensity are observed during the long-term storage, which is associated with a decrease in the size of the NC in the PS and the influence of silicon bonds with lithium or iron ions; (3) full protection of the PS layer is observed in case of immersion in Fe (NO3)3 with a concentration of 0.7M - 0.8M.

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