In vivo light scattering for the detection of cancerous and precancerous lesions of the cervix

Abstract Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) is a lipid kinase that catalyzes the phosphorylation of diacylglycerol (DAG) to produce phosphatidic acid (PA), which uses ATP as a phosphate donor. Diacylglycerol kinases ζ(DGKζ) is characterized as specific type IV due to its myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), ankyrin, and PDZ binding domain. Similar to other DGKs, DGKζ is also reported to be abnormally expressed in human colorectal cancer cells, and it is indispensable for the proliferation of cancer cells. However, its implications in human glioblastoma (GBM) is largely unknown. Both the mRNA and protein levels of DGKζ were significantly higher in GBM tissues than in precancerous lesions. Knockdown of DGKζ inhibited GBM cell proliferation, cell cycle and promoted apoptosis of GBM cells. Moreover, down-regulation of DGKζ markedly reduced in vitro colony formation and in vivo tumorigenic capability. Furthermore, we confirmed that DGKζ was the downstream target of miR-34a. The expression level of DGKζ was negatively correlated with miR-34a in GBM tissues. Overexpression of DGKζ reversed the tumor suppressive roles of miR-34a in GBM cells. Taken together, DGKζ can act as a potential prognostic biomarker for GBM patients and promote the growth of GBM cells was regulated by miR-34a, and it may represent a promising therapeutic target for patients with GBM.

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Comprehensive characterization and quantification of adeno associated vectors by size exclusion chromatography and multi angle light scattering

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82599-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicole L. McIntosh ◽

Geoffrey Y. Berguig ◽

Omair A. Karim ◽

Christa L. Cortesio ◽

Rolando De Angelis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Scattering ◽

Size Exclusion Chromatography ◽

Molar Mass ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Minimal Sample ◽

Accuracy And Precision ◽

Vector Genome ◽

Exclusion Chromatography ◽

Novel Applications

AbstractAdeno associated virus (AAV) capsids are a leading modality for in vivo gene delivery. Complete and precise characterization of capsid particles, including capsid and vector genome concentration, is necessary to safely and efficaciously dose patients. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to multiangle light scattering (MALS) offers a straightforward approach to comprehensively characterize AAV capsids. The current study demonstrates that this method provides detailed AAV characterization information, including but not limited to aggregation profile, size-distribution, capsid content, capsid molar mass, encapsidated DNA molar mass, and total capsid and vector genome titer. Currently, multiple techniques are required to generate this information, with varying accuracy and precision. In the current study, a new series of equations for SEC-MALS are used in tandem with intrinsic properties of the capsids and encapsidated DNA to quantify multiple physical AAV attributes in one 20-min run with minimal sample manipulation, high accuracy, and high precision. These novel applications designate this well-established method as a powerful tool for product development and process analytics in future gene therapy programs.

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Multi-center clinical study using optical coherence tomography for evaluation of cervical lesions in-vivo

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86711-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chenchen Ren ◽

Xianxu Zeng ◽

Zhongna Shi ◽

Chunyan Wang ◽

Huifen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Real Time ◽

Precancerous Lesions ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Histological Sections ◽

Histological Images

AbstractIn this prospective study of an in-vivo cervical examination using optical coherence tomography (OCT), we evaluated the diagnostic value of non-invasive and real-time OCT in cervical precancerous lesions and cancer diagnosis, and determined the characteristics of OCT images. 733 patients from 5 Chinese hospitals were inspected with OCT and colposcopy-directed biopsy. The OCT images were compared with the histological sections to find out the characteristics of various categories of lesions. The OCT images were also interpreted by 3 investigators to make a 2-class classification, and the results were compared against the pathological results. Various structures of the cervical tissue were clearly observed in OCT images, which matched well with the corresponding histological sections. The OCT diagnosis results delivered a sensitivity of 87.0% (95% confidence interval, CI 82.2–90.7%), a specificity of 84.1% (95% CI 80.3–87.2%), and an overall accuracy of 85.1%. Both good consistency of OCT images and histological images and satisfactory diagnosis results were provided by OCT. Due to its features of non-invasion, real-time, and accuracy, OCT is valuable for the in-vivo evaluation of cervical lesions and has the potential to be one of the routine cervical diagnosis methods.

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Dynamic light scattering in ophthalmology – Results of in vitro and in vivo experiments

Technology and Health Care ◽

10.3233/thc-2006-14608 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 521-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Franz Fankhauser

Keyword(s):

Light Scattering ◽

Dynamic Light Scattering ◽

In Vivo Experiments

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In Vivo Measurements On Human Lens Using Quasielastic Light Scattering

10.1117/12.937336 ◽

1987 ◽

Author(s):

Peter C. Magnante ◽

Leo T. Chylack ◽

George B. Benedek ◽

Teodosio Libondi ◽

Stephen N. Joffe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Scattering ◽

Human Lens ◽

Quasielastic Light Scattering ◽

In Vivo Measurements

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Hyperglycemia Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Initiation and Progression by Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520621666210201095613 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Huiming Chen ◽

Junfeng Zhao ◽

Ningning Jiang ◽

Zheng Wang ◽

Chang Liu

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Precancerous Lesions ◽

Clinical Specimen ◽

Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Pancreatic Cancer Cells ◽

Cancer Initiation

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal diseases, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10% because of the limited knowledge of tumor-promoting factors and their underlying mechanism. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperglycemia are risk factors for many cancers, including PDAC, that modulate multiple downstream signaling pathways, such as the wingless/integrated (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, whether hyperglycemia promotes PDAC initiation and progression by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we used bioinformatics analysis and clinical specimen analysis to evaluate the activation states of the Wnt/βcatenin signaling pathway. In addition, colony formation assays, Transwell assays and wound-healing assays were used to evaluate the malignant biological behaviors of pancreatic cancer cells (PCs) under hyperglycemic conditions. To describe the effects of hyperglycemia and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on the initiation of PDAC, we used pancreatitis-driven pancreatic cancer initiation models in vivo and pancreatic acinar cell 3-dimensional culture in vitro. Results: Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related molecules were overexpressed in PDAC tissues/cells and correlated with poor prognosis in PDAC patients. In addition, hyperglycemia exacerbated the abnormal activation of β-catenin in PDAC and enhanced the malignant biological behaviors of PCs in a Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-dependent manner. Indeed, hyperglycemia accelerated the formation of pancreatic precancerous lesions by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion: Hyperglycemia promotes pancreatic cancer initiation and progression by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

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Biocellulose Masks as Delivery Systems: A Novel Methodological Approach to Assure Quality and Safety

Cosmetics ◽

10.3390/cosmetics5040066 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 66 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Paola Perugini ◽

Mariella Bleve ◽

Fabiola Cortinovis ◽

Antonio Colpani

Keyword(s):

Light Scattering ◽

Bacterial Cellulose ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Gas Permeability ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Nir Spectroscopy ◽

Quality And Safety ◽

Multiple Light Scattering

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has become of great interest in recent years, as a delivery system in several areas of application, including food, drugs, and cosmetics, thanks to its exclusive advantages, such as high biocompatibility, water holding capacity, and good gas permeability. The novel approach of the authors has led to a protocol for checking the quality and safety of bacterial cellulose matrices in the manufacture of cosmetic masks. Two non-destructive techniques, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and multiple light scattering (MLS), were used to verify different parameters affecting the quality of BC sheets, allowing cellulose masks to be checked over time. NIR spectroscopy allowed for discovering changes in the water content, depending on filling/packaging procedures, like flat-folding. Multiple light scattering was used to ascertain the stability of solutions in contact with masks. From a clinical standpoint, the cutaneous tolerability of biocellulose masks, and their effect on skin parameters, were evaluated through some specific “in vivo” tests. Also, a safety evaluation during application was conducted through different studies: a short-term one after single application, and a long-term one upon continued use.

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Partial inhibition by cyclosporin A of the swelling of liver mitochondria in vivo and in vitro induced by sub-micromolar [Ca2+], but not by butyrate. Evidence for two distinct swelling mechanisms

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2680147 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 268 (1) ◽

pp. 147-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

A M Davidson ◽

A P Halestrap

Keyword(s):

Light Scattering ◽

Cyclosporin A ◽

Binding Sites ◽

Mitochondrial Protein ◽

Liver Mitochondria ◽

Partial Inhibition ◽

Mitochondrial Volume ◽

Bongkrekic Acid

1. The effects of cyclosporin A on the increase in matrix PPi and consequent swelling of energized liver mitochondria incubated with 1 mM-butyrate, 30 microM-bongkrekic acid or 0.1-35 microM-Ca2+ [Halestrap (1989) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 973, 355-382] were studied. 2. Cyclosporin (1 microM) had no significant effect on the swelling induced by butyrate, bongkrekic acid or Ca2+ at concentrations of less than 0.3 microM. 3. At higher [Ca2+] (greater than 0.3 microM), swelling became progressively inhibited by cyclosporin, although the increase in matrix PPi was slightly greater in the presence than in the absence of cyclosporin. 4. Titration with cyclosporin indicated that there are 128 pmol of relevant cyclosporin-binding sites per mg of mitochondrial protein, with a Ki of about 5 nM. 5. The decrease in light-scattering by hepatocytes induced by butyrate [Davidson & Halestrap (1988) Biochem. J. 254, 379-384] was unaffected by cyclosporin, whereas that induced by vasopressin was inhibited by 20-30% without a significant change in cellular PPi content. 6. It is suggested that there are two mechanisms for the increase in mitochondrial volume induced by Ca2+: a PPi-mediated mechanism that is insensitive to cyclosporin and an additional Ca2(+)-mediated effect that is inhibited by cyclosporin. The nature of these pathways and their inter-relationship is discussed in the following paper [Halestrap & Davidson (1990) Biochem. J. 268, 153-160].

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