Few-nanometer femtosecond electron probe pulses in ultrafast transmission electron microscopy

Author(s):  
Armin Feist ◽  
Katharina E. Echternkamp ◽  
Reiner Bormann ◽  
Nara Rubiano da Silva ◽  
Marcel Möller ◽  
...  
1993 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Arunajatesan ◽  
A. H. Carim ◽  
T. Y. Yiin ◽  
V. K. Varadan

AbstractElectron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to examine the SiC/Al interfaces in microwave joined Si-SiC/Al/Si-SiC and α-SiC/Al/α-SiC. Both the SiC/Al interfaces display intimate contact between the ceramic and metal and are free of porosity. EPMA of the α-SiC/Al/α-SiC joints reveals that no Al has diffused into the bulk α-SiC, unlike the reported diffusion of Al in Si-SiC/Al/Si-SiC. The TEM investigations show that while the Si-SiC/Al/Si-SiC interface is reaction-free, the α-SiC/Al/α-SiC joint contains Si at the interface. The TEM findings are correlated to the strength data available on these joints and the possible reasons for the presence of Si in the absence of Al4C3 in the α-SiC/Al/α-SiC joint are discussed.


2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 2298-2305 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Bradley ◽  
W. Lo ◽  
M. Mironova ◽  
N. H. Babu ◽  
D. A. Cardwell ◽  
...  

Joining of melt-textured YBa2Cu3O7-δ (Y123) grains has been achieved without use of an external agent. The technique uses barium-cuprate liquid phase released from platelet boundaries to mediate the growth of Y123 at the interface between two grains. The epitaxial nature and high quality of the growth was determined by optical and transmission electron microscopy. The composition of Ba–Cu–O phases found in some parts of the joins was determined by electron probe microanalysis. A clean low-angle join was found to consist of a grain boundary with dislocation networks and facets. Transport critical current measurements on this type of join revealed strongly coupled behavior. The technique shows promise for the joining of melt-textured material for power engineering applications.


1986 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Goto ◽  
K. Utsumi ◽  
A. Ushioda ◽  
I. Tsugawa ◽  
N. Koshino

AbstractWritten and erased bits of the In-Sb phase change type optical disk medium were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEN) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Both the bits were separated into inner and outer areas and were composed of only rhombohedral Sb crystals and zinc blende In50Sb50 crystals. The difference between the two bits were in crystal size and atomic distribution of the inner area. Models of the writing and erasing processes were derived from these observations and the In-Sb phase diagram. With these models, the thicknesses, grain sizes and optical contrasts of the both bits were consistently explained.


2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Wu ◽  
Anudha Mittal ◽  
Michael L. Odlyzko ◽  
K. Andre Mkhoyan

AbstractSub-angstrom scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allows quantitative column-by-column analysis of crystalline specimens via annular dark-field images. The intensity of electrons scattered from a particular location in an atomic column depends on the intensity of the electron probe at that location. Electron beam channeling causes oscillations in the STEM probe intensity during specimen propagation, which leads to differences in the beam intensity incident at different depths. Understanding the parameters that control this complex behavior is critical for interpreting experimental STEM results. In this work, theoretical analysis of the STEM probe intensity reveals that intensity oscillations during specimen propagation are regulated by changes in the beam’s angular distribution. Three distinct regimes of channeling behavior are observed: the high-atomic-number (Z) regime, in which atomic scattering leads to significant angular redistribution of the beam; the low-Zregime, in which the probe’s initial angular distribution controls intensity oscillations; and the intermediate-Zregime, in which the behavior is mixed. These contrasting regimes are shown to exist for a wide range of probe parameters. These results provide a new understanding of the occurrence and consequences of channeling phenomena and conditions under which their influence is strengthened or weakened by characteristics of the electron probe and sample.


1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2394-2402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Genevès ◽  
Jacques Rutin ◽  
Sylvain Halpern

Samples were taken from dry seeds of radish and fixed in glutaraldehyde. Ultrathin sections were observed without contrasting treatment. From cotyledonary parenchyma, it was possible to obtain powders or prints, which were observed by transmission electron microscopy. They showed several types of crystals. In the ultrathin sections of parenchyma cells, the crystals are included in globoids. Electron probe microanalysis with a wavelength dispersive spectrometer (Camebax microprobe) showed that they were rich in P, Ca, and Mg. In the powders and the prints, several polymorphic crystals, of varied sizes, were observed; these were sensitive to the electron beam. Some have relatively high ratios in Ca, lower ratios of S, and other elements, such as Si. Others possessed high ratios of Si with other elements, such as Ca and Al. The latter were less dense, more stable under the beam and their average diameter was smaller. Other crystals were smaller (some tenths of a micrometre). They were electron dense and very stable. Some of these were rich in Fe and could contain other elements (among others Si, Ca and P).


Author(s):  
G. G. Shaw

The morphology and composition of the fiber-matrix interface can best be studied by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. For some composites satisfactory samples can be prepared by electropolishing. For others such as aluminum alloy-boron composites ion erosion is necessary.When one wishes to examine a specimen with the electron beam perpendicular to the fiber, preparation is as follows: A 1/8 in. disk is cut from the sample with a cylindrical tool by spark machining. Thin slices, 5 mils thick, containing one row of fibers, are then, spark-machined from the disk. After spark machining, the slice is carefully polished with diamond paste until the row of fibers is exposed on each side, as shown in Figure 1.In the case where examination is desired with the electron beam parallel to the fiber, preparation is as follows: Experimental composites are usually 50 mils or less in thickness so an auxiliary holder is necessary during ion milling and for easy transfer to the electron microscope. This holder is pure aluminum sheet, 3 mils thick.


Author(s):  
R. W. Anderson ◽  
D. L. Senecal

A problem was presented to observe the packing densities of deposits of sub-micron corrosion product particles. The deposits were 5-100 mils thick and had formed on the inside surfaces of 3/8 inch diameter Zircaloy-2 heat exchanger tubes. The particles were iron oxides deposited from flowing water and consequently were only weakly bonded. Particular care was required during handling to preserve the original formations of the deposits. The specimen preparation method described below allowed direct observation of cross sections of the deposit layers by transmission electron microscopy.The specimens were short sections of the tubes (about 3 inches long) that were carefully cut from the systems. The insides of the tube sections were first coated with a thin layer of a fluid epoxy resin by dipping. This coating served to impregnate the deposit layer as well as to protect the layer if subsequent handling were required.


Author(s):  
S. Fujishiro

The mechanical properties of three titanium alloys (Ti-7Mo-3Al, Ti-7Mo- 3Cu and Ti-7Mo-3Ta) were evaluated as function of: 1) Solutionizing in the beta field and aging, 2) Thermal Mechanical Processing in the beta field and aging, 3) Solutionizing in the alpha + beta field and aging. The samples were isothermally aged in the temperature range 300° to 700*C for 4 to 24 hours, followed by a water quench. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray method were used to identify the phase formed. All three alloys solutionized at 1050°C (beta field) transformed to martensitic alpha (alpha prime) upon being water quenched. Despite this heavily strained alpha prime, which is characterized by microtwins the tensile strength of the as-quenched alloys is relatively low and the elongation is as high as 30%.


Author(s):  
Nakazo Watari ◽  
Yasuaki Hotta ◽  
Yoshio Mabuchi

It is very useful if we can observe the identical cell elements within the same sections by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sequentially, because, the cell fine structure can not be indicated by LM, while the color is; on the other hand, the cell fine structure can be very easily observed by EM, although its color properties may not. However, there is one problem in that LM requires thick sections of over 1 μm, while EM needs very thin sections of under 100 nm. Recently, we have developed a new method to observe the same cell elements within the same plastic sections using both light and transmission (conventional or high-voltage) electron microscopes.In this paper, we have developed two new observation methods for the identical cell elements within the same sections, both plastic-embedded and paraffin-embedded, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1).


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