scholarly journals Real Estate trifft auf Blockchain: Chancen und Herausforderungen der Tokenisierung von illiquiden Vermögenswerten

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Markheim ◽  
Aleksander Berentsen
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Smart Contracts

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Artikel analysiert die Chancen und Herausforderungen der Tokenisierung von Immobilien. Zunächst werden die theoretischen Grundlagen (Blockchain und Smart Contracts) sowie die Vor- und Nachteile der Tokenisierung diskutiert. Die Umsetzung der Tokenisierung einer Immobilie wird anschließend anhand eines Praxisbeispiels veranschaulicht. Die Vorteile einer Tokenisierung liegen in dem sofortigen weltweiten Handel der Token rund um die Uhr, dem Eigentumsübertrag der Token in „real time“, der Standardisierung bei gleichzeitiger Flexibilität, der Transparenz und Sicherheit im Handel der Token. Zudem ist die technische Umsetzung der Tokenisierung einer Immobilie sehr einfach. Regulatorische Unsicherheiten beschränken jedoch zurzeit noch eine breite Anwendung der Technologie.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON GAS CONSUMPTION AND GAS PREDICTION IN ETHEREUM SMART CONTRACTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Nageshawar ◽  
Rupali chourey ◽  
Dr. Ritu Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Transaction Data ◽  
Regression Algorithms ◽  
Gas Consumption

This paper is a review of some real-time issues associated with the development of Ethereum smart contracts like out of gas exception and gas inefficient code patterns and focuses on the methods and solutions presented in recent years. With the help of this paper, we are trying to summarize the methods which can be used in future researches for gas prediction with the help of old transaction data and machine learning algorithms and have a look at old researches which are trying to predict with the help of regression algorithms and their efficiency. KEYWORDS: Blockchain, Etherium, Gas Consumption, Gas Prediction, Transaction

scholarly journals Distributed Ledger Technology as a Tool for Environmental Sustainability in the Shipping Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Srdjan Vujičić ◽  
Nermin Hasanspahić ◽  
Maro Car ◽  
Leo Čampara
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Digital Systems ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology

In recent years, many industries have adopted technology and digital systems to automate, expedite and secure specific processes. Stakeholders in maritime transport continue to exchange physical documents in order to conduct business. The monitoring of supply chain goods, communication among employees, environmental sustainability and longevity control, along with time framing, all create challenges to many industries. Everyday onboard work, such as cargo operations, navigation and various types of inspections in shipping, still requires paper documents and logs that need to be signed (and stamped). The conversion of traditional paper contracts into smart contracts, which can be digitalized and read through automation, provides a new wave of collaboration between eco systems across the shipping industry. Various data collected and stored on board ships could be used for scientific purposes. Distributed ledger technology (DLT) could be used to collect all those data and improve shipping operations by process expediting. It could eliminate the need to fill in various documents and logs and make operations safer and more environmentally friendly. Information about various important procedures onboard ships could be shared among all interested stakeholders. This paper considers the possible application of distributed ledger technology as an aid for the control of overboard discharge of wastewater from commercial ships. The intended outcome is that it could help protect the environment by sending data to relevant stakeholders in real time, thus providing information regarding the best discharge areas. The use of a structured communal data transference would ensure a consistent and accurate way to transmit data to all interested parties, and would eliminate the need to fill in various paper forms and logs. Wastewater overboard discharges would be properly monitored, recorded and measured, as distributed ledger technology would prevent any possibility of illegal actions and falsification of documents, thus ensuring environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Automated Scheduling Approach under Smart Contract for Remote Wind Farms with Power-to-Gas Systems in Multiple Energy Markets

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6781
Author(s):  
Zhenya Ji ◽  
Zishan Guo ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Real Time Scheduling ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Time Scheduling ◽  
Power To Gas

The promising power-to-gas (P2G) technology makes it possible for wind farms to absorb carbon and trade in multiple energy markets. Considering the remoteness of wind farms equipped with P2G systems and the isolation of different energy markets, the scheduling process may suffer from inefficient coordination and unstable information. An automated scheduling approach is thus proposed. Firstly, an automated scheduling framework enabled by smart contract is established for reliable coordination between wind farms and multiple energy markets. Considering the limited logic complexity and insufficient calculation of smart contracts, an off-chain procedure as a workaround is proposed to avoid complex on-chain solutions. Next, a non-linear model of the P2G system is developed to enhance the accuracy of scheduling results. The scheduling strategy takes into account not only the revenues from multiple energy trades, but also the penalties for violating contract items in smart contracts. Then, the implementation of smart contracts under a blockchain environment is presented with multiple participants, including voting in an agreed scheduling result as the plan. Finally, the case study is conducted in a typical two-stage scheduling process—i.e., day-ahead and real-time scheduling—and the results verify the efficiency of the proposed approach.

scholarly journals Emplazamiento del tiempo compartido en la clasificación de los derechos reales

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ((2020)) ◽  
pp. 11-30
Author(s):  
José Berrotarán
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Real Right ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
Personal Rights ◽  
Paper Comment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Personal Law

Este artículo comenta un fenómeno reciente de aprovechamiento “periódico y por turnos” de inmuebles o de cosas muebles, que generan vínculos jurídicos de Derecho Real o de Derecho Personal. La primera normativa sobre el tema en nuestro país fue la Ley 26356 sancionada y vigente en 2008, referida a los “Sistemas Turísticos de Tiempo Compartido” (STTC), actualmente derogada en parte, y sustituida por el CCCN., que legisla, en el Título VI del Libro IV, sobre el Derecho Real de Tiempo Compartido y que ha trascendido el original destino turístico de la afectación, extendiéndolo para finalidades industriales, comerciales y otras. También se ha incluido como objetos de esta Relación Jurídica, que en la ley anterior eran solamente los edificios afectados a hospedaje, y que actualmente pueden ser también inmuebles con otros destinos, o cosas muebles, como embarcaciones, automotores, equipos médicos, etc. Sin perjuicio de la afectación del Tiempo Compartido como Derecho Real, se permiten también el alquiler y otros derechos personales sobre los turnos de uso.  ABSTRACTThis paper comment son a recent phenomenon of "periodic and shift" use of real estate or personal property, which generates legal ties of Real Lawor Personal Law. The first regulation on the subject in our country was Law 26356 sanctioned and in force in 2008, refer ringto the “TimeshareTouristSystems” (STTC), currentlyrepealed in part, and replacedbythe CCCN., whichlegislates, in theTitle VI of Book IV, onthe Real Time SharingRight andwhich has transcended the original tourist destination of the affectation, extending it for industrial, commercial and other purposes. It has also been included as objects of this LegalRelationship, which in the previous law were only building saffected by accommodation, and  which currently can also be real estate with other destinations, or movable things, such as boats, automobiles, medical equipment, etc. Without prejudice to the affectation of Timeshare as Real Right, rental and other personal rights are also allowedont he shifts of use. 

Legal challenges and opportunities of blockchain technology in the real estate sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Garcia-Teruel
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Real Estate Sector ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The One ◽  
Legal Methodology

Purpose Blockchain, which was originally created to enable peer-to-peer digital payment systems (bitcoin), is considered to have several benefits for different sectors, such as the real estate one. In a standard European-wide real estate transaction, several intermediaries are involved. As a consequence, these agreements are usually time-consuming and involve extra difficulties to cross-border operations. As blockchain, combined with smart contracts, may have an important role in these transactions, this paper aims to explore its prospective challenges, limitations and opportunities in the real estate sector and discover how the traditional intermediaries have to face a possible implementation of this technology. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyses the current intermediaries in the real estate sector in European Union (EU), their functions and how can blockchain strengthen the security of these transactions while reducing their time. The author uses a legal methodology to approach it. Findings Blockchain, combined with smart contracts, has both challenges and opportunities for the real estate sector. On the one hand, it may improve procedures, allow EU transactions and the interconnection between public administration. However, to not reduce parties rights, this blockchain should have some special features, such as the possibility of being amended. Originality/value This paper provides a valuable overview of all the intermediaries that could be affected by blockchain protocols. It is of interest of blockchain developers, public administrations and researchers who are working on blockchain and property conveyancing.

scholarly journals The Concept of Land Plot as a Combination of Smart Contracts: a Vision for Creating Blockchain Cadastre

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Andrii Martyn
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Spatial Objects ◽  
Land Plot ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Features

The key features of the blockchain databases, such as decentralization, distribution, security, and record of the history of all transactions, create significant prospects for their application in the field of cadastre and real estate registration activities, including creation of the global real estate cadastre infrastructure, which will be able to go beyond national legal systems and jurisdictions. The conceptual approach to registration of land plots as spatial objects using blockchain technology is proposed. The land plot should be considered as a combination of smart contracts between landowners, surveyors, appraisers, notaries and other persons. The subject of such contracts will be the description and establishment of spatial (plot boundaries, territorial zones, etc.) and other (property rights and encumbrances, monetary valuation, soil bonitet, etc.) characteristics of land plots. The classification of such smart contracts reliability is also presented.

scholarly journals TVS: a trusted verification scheme for office documents based on blockchain

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhai ◽  
Shanchen Pang ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Sibo Qiao ◽  
Zhihan Lv
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
The State ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Network Behavior ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Verification Scheme ◽  
The Real ◽  
State Changes

AbstractTo realize the encryption of document information, authority authentication, and traceability of historical records, we propose a trusted verification scheme (TVS) for office documents to ensure security. Specifically, the scheme is realized by timestamps, smart contracts (or chaincode), and other blockchain technologies. It is based on the features of blockchain, such as security, credibility, immutability, and traceability of network behavior. And the TVS stores users and documents information through blockchain; it can monitor the state changes of office documents in real time by setting the trigger conditions of smart contracts. The experiment indicates that we have realized the real-time monitoring of data and the traceability of historical records. Moreover, we have achieved the purpose of document encryption and authority authentication, ensuring the authenticity and objectivity of data, avoiding the illegal tampering of malicious users to realize the trusted verification for documents.

What Can We Do for Corporate Nomads? IT and Facilities Management

2011 ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
James McCalman
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Facilities Management ◽  
Virtual Office ◽  
Individual Needs ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
New Forms Of Work ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the impact of technology on facilities management. By focusing attention on the needs of the “corporate nomad,” individuals who take advantage of technology and new forms of work organization to break out of the 9-5 mentality of corporate life, it suggests that even the virtual office requires a degree of facilities management. It argues that organizations will become increasingly aware of the need to better utilise expensive real estate in real time to ensure a synergy between organizational and individual needs.

scholarly journals Real Estate Information Verification Service with the Use of the Blockchain Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Bohdan Liubinskyi ◽  
◽  
Valentine Ilnytskyi ◽  
Petro Topylko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Successful Execution ◽  
Information Verification

Blockchain (blockchain — chain of blocks) — Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). This is a combination of components that includes: peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, distributed storage, and cryptography (hashing and public-key encryption). Popular implementations of blockchain technology include Bitcoin as the electronic currency, which can be used to make money transfer transactions from one wallet to another. This paper considers Blockchain technology and the possibility of its usage to verify real estate information. There is a high demand today in the Ethereum platform for creating any decentralized online services based on blockchain (Dapps), working on smart contracts basis. Ethereum greatly simplifies and reduces the cost of implementing a blockchain. Representatives from various industries are interested in blockchain technology. These are mainly companies from different sectors of the economy, especially the banking sector, stock exchanges, etc. Also known applications of technology to the land register. It is implemented by both large players (Microsoft, IBM, Acronis, R3 banking consortium), and the new startups. The paper analyzes various types of real estate fraud and their impact. The requirements for building the architecture of the real estate information verification service have been collected. The architecture of the reasonable contract which considers all the requirements is offered. To implement the blockchain-based algorithm, a distributed Ethereum database based on smart contracts has been chosen. The built approach itself is based on the use of Blockchain technology. The architecture of the real estate information verification service has been developed using Blockchain technology, which, in turn, guarantees the successful execution of transactions and stable operation, which guarantees the entering, updating, and storing of real estate information and its verification.

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