Detection of Ethanol in Wines Using Optical-Fiber Measurements and Near-Infrared Analysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1106-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Buchanan ◽  
D. E. Honigs ◽  
Cynthia J. Lee ◽  
William Roth
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Infrared Measurements ◽  
Calibration Algorithm ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Optical-fiber measurements coupled with near-infrared analysis is used to predict the ethanol content of wine samples to within ±0.33 volume percent. Because telecommunications-grade optical fibers are used, the wavelength range is limited and the signal-to-noise ratio is an order of magnitude less than that for conventional near-infrared measurements. These features prompted the use of partial least-squares (PLS) as the calibration algorithm. PLS provides robust calibrations that are based upon the entire spectrum. The problem of extreme samples not being represented in the calibration model is discussed and illustrated. Also, the robustness of the PLS calibration is demonstrated. Spectral reconstruction is used to help assign the bands in the wavelength range used.

Calibration in the Fiber Optic Region of the Near-Infrared

1987 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Tenge ◽  
B. R. Buchanan ◽  
D. E. Honigs
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Fiber Technology ◽  
Calibration Techniques ◽  
Hostile Environments

Chemical sensing in remote, hostile environments is possible with optical fiber technology. Telecommunications optical fiber transmits light in the near-infrared region. The least amount of attenuation of transmitted power is between 1050 nm and 1600 nm. It is a natural step to apply near-infrared analysis techniques to data remotely collected over optical fibers. A feasibility study is conducted to see how well calibration techniques, Multiple Linear Regression with either Step-up search or All Possible Combinations search, perform in the fiber optic region of the near-infrared. Calibration in the 1131–1531 nm region is compared to calibration in the 1131–2531 nm region. The latter region is considered more information-rich than the former. In spite of this, examination of the predictive power of calibration models formed strictly from fiberoptic-region absorbance data indicates that this region contains useful analytical informaton.

scholarly journals Study of Ho:YAG Laser Generated Underwater Shock Waves and Cavity Bubble for Revascularization Therapy

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. R. Hosseini ◽  
T. Hirano ◽  
O. Onodera ◽  
K. Takayama
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Underwater Shock Wave ◽  
Ho:Yag Laser ◽  
Direct Laser ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Underwater Shock

Abstract For applying shock waves to precise medical procedures like neurosurgery, a reliable generation of micro shock waves is required. Such sensitive applications make limits on usage of conventional underwater shock wave sources like Extracoporeal Shock Waves ESW [1] or micro explosives [2]. In the present study a Q-switched Ho:YAG laser and an optical fiber are used. Advantages of this method over previous shock wave sources are two order of magnitude reduction in focusing area if compared with ESW and elimination of product gases of micro explosives. Nakahara and Nagayama [3] studied underwater shock waves emanated from surface of an optical fiber by pulse Nd:YAG laser input using shadowgraph technique. Their qualitative study limited to visualization of shock waves at its early stage. The present research aims to clarify quantitatively process of the shock wave generation by direct laser beam irradiation through optical fibers, growth and behavior of generated cavities, and structure of heat induced flow in front of the optical fiber.

scholarly journals Microdrilled tapers to enhance optical fiber lasers for sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Perez-Herrera ◽  
M. Bravo ◽  
P. Roldan-Varona ◽  
D. Leandro ◽  
L. Rodriguez-Cobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Output Power Level ◽  
Linear Cavity

AbstractIn this work, an experimental analysis of the performance of different types of quasi-randomly distributed reflectors inscribed into a single-mode fiber as a sensing mirror is presented. These artificially-controlled backscattering fiber reflectors are used in short linear cavity fiber lasers. In particular, laser emission and sensor application features are analyzed when employing optical tapered fibers, micro-drilled optical fibers and 50 μm-waist or 100 μm-waist micro-drilled tapered fibers (MDTF). Single-wavelength laser with an output power level of about 8.2 dBm and an optical signal-to-noise ratio of 45 dB were measured when employing a 50 μm-waist micro-drilled tapered optical fiber. The achieved temperature sensitivities were similar to those of FBGs; however, the strain sensitivity improved more than one order of magnitude in comparison with FBG sensors, attaining slope sensitivities as good as 18.1 pm/με when using a 50 μm-waist MDTF as distributed reflector.

scholarly journals Noninvasive Prediction of Glucose by Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1651-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F Malin ◽  
Timothy L Ruchti ◽  
Thomas B Blank ◽  
Suresh N Thennadil ◽  
Stephen L Monfre
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Abstract Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose by diabetics is crucial in the reduction of complications related to diabetes. Current monitoring techniques are invasive and painful, and discourage regular use. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the use of near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance over the 1050–2450 nm wavelength range for noninvasive monitoring of blood glucose. Methods: Two approaches were used to develop calibration models for predicting the concentration of blood glucose. In the first approach, seven diabetic subjects were studied over a 35-day period with random collection of NIR spectra. Corresponding blood samples were collected for analyte analysis during the collection of each NIR spectrum. The second approach involved three nondiabetic subjects and the use of oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) over multiple days to cause fluctuations in blood glucose concentrations. Twenty NIR spectra were collected over the 3.5-h test, with 16 corresponding blood specimens taken for analyte analysis. Results: Statistically valid calibration models were developed on three of the seven diabetic subjects. The mean standard error of prediction through cross-validation was 1.41 mmol/L (25 mg/dL). The results from the OGTT testing of three nondiabetic subjects yielded a mean standard error of calibration of 1.1 mmol/L (20 mg/dL). Validation of the calibration model with an independent test set produced a mean standard error of prediction equivalent to 1.03 mmol/L (19 mg/dL). Conclusions: These data provide preliminary evidence and allow cautious optimism that NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy using the 1050–2450 nm wavelength range can be used to predict blood glucose concentrations noninvasively. Substantial research is still required to validate whether this technology is a viable tool for long-term home diagnostic use by diabetics.

Remote Near-IR Spectroscopy over an Optical Fiber with a Modified FT Spectrometer

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Archibald ◽  
L. T. Lin ◽  
D. E. Honigs
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Instrumental Performance ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Optical Attenuation ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Ir Transmission ◽  
Beam Signal

A Fourier transform (FT) spectrometer was configured to measure near-infrared (near-IR) transmission spectra using 80 meters of a 206-μm optical fiber. The single-beam signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) was evaluated for the remote-sensing spectrometer for both Ge and InSb detectors. The instrumental performance was compared with that of the conventional FT spectrometer. The optical attenuation of several different fibers was measured and their possible use as transmission sensors was evaluated. Some advantages and implications of combining an FT spectrometer with optical-fiber sensor measurements are discussed.

Discriminating forchlorfenuron-treated kiwifruits using a portable spectrometer and Vis/NIR diffuse transmittance spectroscopy technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (28) ◽  
pp. 4207-4214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayang Liu ◽  
Qianqian Li ◽  
Weiqiang Li ◽  
Biao Yang ◽  
Wenchuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fiber Probe ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Optical Fiber Probe ◽  
Spectroscopy System

To explore the feasibility of low-cost miniaturized spectrometers in discriminating forchlorfenuron treated kiwifruits, a visible and near infrared (Vis/NIR) diffuse transmittance spectroscopy system was constructed by using a miniaturized charge coupled device (CCD) spectrometer in the wavelength range of 400–1100 nm and a self-developed optical fiber probe.

Detection of Methanol in Gasolines Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and an Optical Fiber

1987 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1388-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Buchanan ◽  
D. E. Honigs
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Hazardous Environments

Because of methanol's relatively low cost and its utility as an octane booster, a need to monitor the concentration of methanol in gasolines has evolved. Near-infrared analysis can be used to monitor methanol in gasolines with the use of optical fiber. If stepwise multiple linear regression is used, methanol can be predicted to within 0.25 weight percent. The use of an optical fiber lowers personnel and instrument exposure to hazardous environments and minimizes the risk of explosion. It is pointed out, however, that care must be taken in the prediction of future specimens. The differences between enumerative and analytical calibrations are also discussed.

scholarly journals Miniature Broadband NIR Spectrometer Based on FR4 Electromagnetic Scanning Micro-Grating

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Liangkun Huang ◽  
Quan Wen ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Fan Yu ◽  
Hongjie Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Optical System ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Parabolic Mirror ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Scanning Angle ◽  
Noise Ratio

This paper presents a miniaturized, broadband near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer with a flame-retardant 4 (FR4)-based scanning micrograte. A 90° off-axis parabolic mirror and a crossed Czerny–Turner structure were used for creating an astigmatism-free optical system design. The optical system of the spectrometer consists of a 90° off-axis parabolic mirror, an FR4-based scanning micrograte, and a two-color indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) diode with a crossed Czerny–Turner structure optical design. We used a wide exit slit and an off-axis parabolic mirror with a short focal length to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the full spectrum. We enabled a miniaturized design for the spectrometer by utilizing a novel FR4 micrograte for spectral dispersion and spatial scanning. The spectrometer can detect the full near-infrared spectrum while only using a two-color InGaAs diode, and thus, the grating scanning angle of this spectrometer is small when compared to a dual-detector-based spectrometer. In addition, the angle signal can be obtained through an angle sensor, which is integrated into the scanning micrograte. The real-time angle signal is used to form a closed-loop control over the scanning micrograte and calibrate the spectral signal. Finally, a series of tests was performed. The experimental results showed that the spectrometer has a working wavelength range of 800–2500 nm. The resolution is 10 nm at a wavelength range of 800–1650 nm and 15 nm at a wavelength range of 1650–2500 nm. Similarly, the stability of these two wavelength ranges is better than ±1 nm and ±2 nm, respectively. The spectrometer’s volume is 80 × 75 × 65 mm3 and its weight is 0.5 kg. The maximum spectral fluctuation does not exceed 1.5% and the signal-to-noise ratio is 284 after only one instance of averaging.

Electronic and luminescence characteristics of Bi/Al co-doped silica optical fiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (27) ◽  
pp. 1950325
Author(s):  
Gang Liu ◽  
Yanliang Guo ◽  
Pengfei Zhu ◽  
Baonan Jia ◽  
Shanjun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Luminescence Center ◽  
Al Substitution ◽  
Substitution Site ◽  
Silica Optical Fiber ◽  
Luminescence Characteristics ◽  
Nir Luminescence ◽  
Co Doped

Electronic and luminescence characteristics of Bi/Al co-doped silica optical fiber model were investigated by using first-principle methods. Our results show that the preference Al substitution site is the adjacent Si site rather than O site. The doping of Al can contribute to the dispersion of Bi[Formula: see text] luminescence center and generate new luminescence center at [Formula: see text]1100 nm by affecting [Formula: see text] orbital of the O atom near Bi atom. Our results give a possible explanation of the near-infrared (NIR) luminescence in Bi/Al co-doped silica optical fibers.

scholarly journals The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs

2018 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
pp. A49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Reiners ◽  
M. Zechmeister ◽  
J. A. Caballero ◽  
I. Ribas ◽  
J. C. Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Rotation Velocity ◽  
Atmospheric Models ◽  
M Dwarfs ◽  
Low Mass Stars ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
M Dwarf

The CARMENES radial velocity (RV) survey is observing 324 M dwarfs to search for any orbiting planets. In this paper, we present the survey sample by publishing one CARMENES spectrum for each M dwarf. These spectra cover the wavelength range 520–1710 nm at a resolution of at least R >80 000, and we measure its RV, Hα emission, and projected rotation velocity. We present an atlas of high-resolution M-dwarf spectra and compare the spectra to atmospheric models. To quantify the RV precision that can be achieved in low-mass stars over the CARMENES wavelength range, we analyze our empirical information on the RV precision from more than 6500 observations. We compare our high-resolution M-dwarf spectra to atmospheric models where we determine the spectroscopic RV information content, Q, and signal-to-noise ratio. We find that for all M-type dwarfs, the highest RV precision can be reached in the wavelength range 700–900 nm. Observations at longer wavelengths are equally precise only at the very latest spectral types (M8 and M9). We demonstrate that in this spectroscopic range, the large amount of absorption features compensates for the intrinsic faintness of an M7 star. To reach an RV precision of 1 m s−1 in very low mass M dwarfs at longer wavelengths likely requires the use of a 10 m class telescope. For spectral types M6 and earlier, the combination of a red visual and a near-infrared spectrograph is ideal to search for low-mass planets and to distinguish between planets and stellar variability. At a 4 m class telescope, an instrument like CARMENES has the potential to push the RV precision well below the typical jitter level of 3–4 m s−1.

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