scholarly journals Differential Cellular Expression of Galectin Family mRNAs in the Epithelial Cells of the Mouse Digestive Tract

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1323-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Nio ◽  
Yasuhiro Kon ◽  
Toshihiko Iwanaga
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Galectin 3

Galectin is an animal lectin that recognizes β-galactosides of glycoconjugates and is abundant in the gut. This study revealed the cellular expression of galectin subtypes throughout the mouse digestive tract by in situ hybridization. Signals for five subtypes (galectin-2, -3, -4/6, and -7) were detected exclusively in the epithelia. In the glandular stomach, galectin-2 and -4/6 were predominantly expressed from gastric pits to neck of gastric glands, where mucous cells were the main cellular sources. The small intestine exhibited intense, maturation-associated expressions of galectin-2, -3, and -4/6 mRNAs. Galectin-2 was intensely expressed from crypts to the base of villi, whereas transcripts of galectin-3 gathered at villous tips. Signals for galectin-4/6 were most intense at the lower half of villi. Galectin-2 was also expressed in goblet cells of the small intestine but not in those of the large intestine. In the large intestine, galectin-4/6 predominated, and the upper half of crypts simultaneously contained transcripts of galectin-3. Stratified epithelium from the lip to forestomach and anus intensely expressed galectin-7 with weak expressions of galectin-3. Because galectins in the digestive tract may be multi-functional, information on their cell/stage-specific expression contributes to a better understanding of the functions and pathological involvements of galectins.

scholarly journals Localization of amidating enzymes (PAM) in rat gastrointestinal tract.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1617-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Martínez ◽  
M A Burrell ◽  
M Kuijk ◽  
L M Montuenga ◽  
A Treston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Amidating Enzymes

We studied the distribution of the two enzymes involved in post-translational C-terminal alpha-amidation of regulatory peptides in rat digestive tract, using immunocytochemical methods and in situ hybridization techniques. The enzymes were located in most of the fibers and neurons of the myenteric and submucous plexus throughout the entire digestive tract and in endocrine cells of the stomach and colon. Staining of reverse-face serial sections demonstrated that the enzymes in endocrine cells of the stomach co-localized with gastrin in the bottom of the gastric glands. Some gastrin-immunoreactive cells near the neck of the gland were negative for PAM, suggesting that amidation takes place only in the more mature cells. In the colon all cells immunoreactive for glucagon and GLP1 were also positive for peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) but not for peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase (PAL). The absence of immunoreactivity for the amidating enzymes in endocrine cells of the small intestine, known to produce C-terminally amidated peptides, suggests the existence of other amidating enzymes.

Anatomi Saluran Pencernaan biawak air (Varanus salvator) (Reptil: Varanidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfud Mahfud ◽  
Ihwan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Commercial Purpose ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Excessive hunting and poaching for commercial purpose of Varanus salvator in Indonesia can cause a decline in this animal population. However, the scientific information of this animal especially about the biologic of organ system is rarely reported. Therefore, this case opens up opportunities for researching, which aims to study the anatomy of digestive tract of water monitor macroscopically. This research has been conducted in Biology Laboratory, University of Muhammadiyah Kupang for 5 months from March to August 2016. The digestive organ of this animal that has been preserved in alcohol 70% was obtained before from two males of water monitors. Preservation process: the animal were anesthetized, exsanguinated, and fixated in 4 paraformaldehyde by tissue perfusion method. Observations were performed to the visceral site and morphometrical of digestive tract. The resulted data was analysed descriptively and presented in tables and figures. The digestive tract of water monitor consist of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and cloaca. The dimension of each organ is different based on its structures and functions. The esophagus of water monitor connects the mouth cavity and the stomach and also as the entrance of food to the stomach. Water monitor stomach were found in cranial part of abdomen, in left side of liver. The small intestine was longer than stomach and it is a winding muscular tube in abdomen in posterior side of liver. The large intestine consist of colon and cloaca, while cecum was not found. This channel was extend lateromedially in abdomen to cloaca between left and right kidneys. The cloaca was the end of digestive tract which excreted feces and urine. From this research, we can conclude that the digestive tract of water monitor consists of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It’s difficult to differentiate small intestine and large intestine because there are no cecum.

EFFECTS OF MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR ON MINERALS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF STEERS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. GOLFMAN ◽  
R. J. BOILA
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
Design Effects

Four Holstein steers with cannulae in the rumen, proximal duodenum (PD) and terminal ileum (TI) were fed diets containing: (1) no added Mo or S; (2) Mo added at 10 mg kg−1; (3) S added at 3.0 g kg−1; and (4) Mo and S added at 10 mg and 3.0 g kg−1, respectively, in a Latin square design. Effects of Mo and S on minerals in the digestive tract of steers were evaluated. The solubility of Cu was lower with Mo (P < 0.01) and S (P < 0.01) at the PD and TI, and with Mo plus S (P < 0.05) at the TI. With Mo more (P = 0.07) Cu tended to be excreted in feces. Effects of Mo: Mn, reduced (P < 0.05) input to stomach region and higher (P < 0.01) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.01) solubility at TI with less (P < 0.05) absorbed from large intestine (LI); Fe, more (P = 0.06) absorbed from LI with lower (P < 0.01) fecal excretion; P, lower (P < 0.05) input to stomach region with a tendency for less (P = 0.08) absorbed from small intestine (SI); Na, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from LI; K, lower (P < 0.05) apparent digestibility. Effects of S: Mn, slight tendency for higher (P = 0.10) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.05) solubility at PD; P, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from SI and LI; Mg, tendency for less (P = 0.07) absorbed from stomach region and trend for more (P = 0.08) absorbed distal to PD. Minerals other than Cu were influenced by Mo and S in the digestive tract of cattle. Key words: Cattle, molybdenum, sulfur, digestion, minerals

scholarly journals 7. Effect of Soya Wastes Probiotic and Palm Kernel Addition Fermented by Aspergillus niger to the Cellulase Activity in Broilers Digestive Tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Nurliana Nurliana ◽  
Anna Farida ◽  
Sugito Sugito ◽  
Al Azhar ◽  
Razali Razali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

This study aimed to determine the cellulase activity in broilers digestive tract after the treatment of soya wastes and palm kernel fermented by A.niger (AKBIS Prob) in the ration. This study used a complete randomized factorial design, which consists of two factors, namely the AKBIS Prob composition factor and the duration of AKBIS Prob. Twenty four broilers were divided into four groups by randomized and three replications of each. The feed supplement combinations were P0 (commercial), P1 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 2%), P2 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 4%), and P3 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 6%). The intestine preparation was taken at the 22 and 36 days to extraction and detection the cellulase activity concentration. Data were analyzed using variance analysis of factorial patterns. AKBIS Prob 2,4 and 6% was no effect (P 0.05) to the cellulase activity in the small and large intestine, while the treatment duration was significant (P0,05) in the small intestine but neither in the large intestine (P0,05) to the cellulase activity. The addition of AKBIS Prob 2.4 and 6% had no effect (P 0.05) on the concentration of cellulase activity in the small intestine and large intestine, while the duration the treatment was very significant (P 0.05) in the small intestine and neither in the large intestine (P 0.05) on the concentration of cellulase activity. The AKBIS administration in the ration for 22 days can increase the activity and concentration of cellulase activity in the small intestine of the digestive tract of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Regional Absorption of Fimasartan in the Gastrointestinal Tract by an Improved in situ Absorption Method in Rats

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Hwan Kim ◽  
Soo Heui Paik ◽  
Yong Ha Chi ◽  
Jürgen B. Bulitta ◽  
Da Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Pass Perfusion ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Fraction Absorbed ◽  
In Situ Absorption

The aim of the present study was to assess the regional absorption of fimasartan by an improved in situ absorption method in comparison with the conventional in situ single-pass perfusion method in rats. After each gastrointestinal segment of interest was identified, fimasartan was injected into the starting point of each segment and the unabsorbed fimasartan was discharged from the end point of the segment. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein to evaluate the systemic absorption of the drug. The relative fraction absorbed (Fabs,relative) values in the specific gastrointestinal region calculated based on the area under the curve (AUC) values obtained after the injection of fimasartan into the gastrointestinal segment were 8.2% ± 3.2%, 23.0% ± 12.1%, 49.7% ± 11.5%, and 19.1% ± 11.9% for the stomach, duodenum, small intestine, and large intestine, respectively, which were comparable with those determined by the conventional in situ single-pass perfusion. By applying the fraction of the dose available at each gastrointestinal segment following the oral administration, the actual fraction absorbed (F’abs) values at each gastrointestinal segment were estimated at 10.9% for the stomach, 27.1% for the duodenum, 40.7% for the small intestine, and 5.4% for the large intestine, which added up to the gastrointestinal bioavailability (FX·FG) of 84.1%. The present method holds great promise to assess the regional absorption of a drug and aid to design new drug formulations.

Evaluation of moist heat treatment of canola meal on digestion in the rumen, small intestine, large intestine and total digestive tract of steers

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Moshtaghi Nia ◽  
J. R. Ingalls
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Moist Heat ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of heat treatment on canola meal (CM) dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) degradability in the rumen and digestion in the small and large intestines and total digestive tract of steers was determined. CM was moist-heat-treated at 127 °C for 15 and 45 min. The degradation of DM and N was estimated using small nylon bags in the rumen for 0.1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h. The mobile bag technique with an in vitro incubation in an acid-pepsin solution was used with a separate set of bags to estimate the digestion of each nutrient in the small and large intestines as well as the total digestive tract for rumen incubation times of 8, 16 and 24 h. Chemical analysis of heated CM showed a significant reduction in soluble N, sucrose and glucosinolate content while the concentration of ADIN increased. Treatment significantly reduced the degradation of DM and N in the rumen while the digestibility of DM and N in the small intestine increased with both treatments proportional to the decreased rumen degradation. Heat treatment had no effect on DM and N digestibility at the large intestine site. Total tract disappearance of DM and N were not affected by 15 min heating; however, after 45 min heating, DM and N disappearances were reduced. Moist heat treatment was effective in reducing rumen disappearance of CM nitrogen while it increased the N digestion in the small intestine. Key words: Heat treatment, canola meal, ruminant intestine, protein digestion

Comparative gross morphology of the digestive tract in ten Didelphidae marsupial species

Mammalia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.T. Santori ◽  
D. Astua De Moraes ◽  
Rui Cerqueira
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Marsupial Species

Natural diets of Didelphidae species vary in the amounts of invertebrates, fruits and small vertebrates eaten. We investigated the digestive morphology of ten species of didelphid marsupials varying in food habits. The purpose was to describe and to compare the shape and relative size of the digestive tract portions among species studied and relate them to food habits. The form of the gastrointestinal tract in this family is simple, with a unilocular stomach, small intestine, large intestine and caecum.

scholarly journals What is IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease)?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Normal Process ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Intestinal Diseases ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of intestinal diseases that cause prolonged inflammation of the digestive tract. [The digestive tract comprises the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. It’s responsible for breaking down food, extracting the nutrients and removing any unusable material and waste products. Inflammation anywhere along the digestive tract disrupts this normal process. IBD can be very painful and disruptive and in some cases, it may even be life-threatening.]

scholarly journals Finding cell-specific expression patterns in the early Ciona embryo with single-cell RNA-seq

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garth R. Ilsley ◽  
Ritsuko Suyama ◽  
Takeshi Noda ◽  
Nori Satoh ◽  
Nicholas M. Luscombe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Temporal Gene Expression

AbstractSingle-cell RNA-seq has been established as a reliable and accessible technique enabling new types of analyses, such as identifying cell types and studying spatial and temporal gene expression variation and change at single-cell resolution. Recently, single-cell RNA-seq has been applied to developing embryos, which offers great potential for finding and characterising genes controlling the course of development along with their expression patterns. In this study, we applied single-cell RNA-seq to the 16-cell stage of the Ciona embryo, a marine chordate and performed a computational search for cell-specific gene expression patterns. We recovered many known expression patterns from our single-cell RNA-seq data and despite extensive previous screens, we succeeded in finding new cell-specific patterns, which we validated by in situ and single-cell qPCR.

scholarly journals Helminths parasites of digestive trackt of sheep and goats in Macedonian region

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. THEODORIDIS (Ι. ΘΕΟΔΩΡΙΔΗΣ) ◽  
C. HIMONAS (Χ. ΧΕΙΜΩΝΑΣ) ◽  
M. PAPAZAHARIADOU (Μ. ΠΑΠΑΖΑΧΑΡΙΑΔΟΥ)
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Cooperia Oncophora ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Moniezia Expansa ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Gongylonema Pulchrum

During two periods (December 1985-October 1986 and October 1990-April 1991), the digestive tracts of 102 sheep and 29 goats were examined, with the purpose to find out and identify the helminthes parasites of these animals. The 96,1% of sheep and 93,1% of goats were found to be infected with 26 and 20 different helminths, respectively. The nematodes which were found out of the different parts of the digestive tract of these animals were: Sheep: oesophagus: Gongylonema pulchrum, abomasum: Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, T. trifurcata, Trichostrongylus axei and Cooperia oncophora, small intestine: Teladorsagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis} T. vitrinus, T. capricola, Cooperia oncophora, C. curticei, Nematodirus filicollis, N. helvetianus, N. spathiger, N. battus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum and Strongyloides papillosus, large intestine: Oesophagostomum venulosum, Oe. columbianum, Chabertia ovina, Trichuris globulosa, T. ovis and Skrjabinema ovis. Goats: all the previous findings except T. vitrinus, Nematodirus helvetianus, N. battus and Trichuris ovis. The cestodes parasites, Moniezia expansa, Moniezia benedni, Avitellina centripunctata and Stilesia globipunctata were found into the small intestine of sheep and, Moniezia expansa and Avitellina centripunctata, in goats only. All animals were infected with more than one different parasites. The sheep nematodes Cooperia curticei, Nematodirus helvetianus, and N. spathiger, were identified for the first time in Greece, more over, Nematodirus battus were found out and identified for the first time in Greece.

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