Evaluation of moist heat treatment of canola meal on digestion in the rumen, small intestine, large intestine and total digestive tract of steers

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Moshtaghi Nia ◽  
J. R. Ingalls
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Moist Heat ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of heat treatment on canola meal (CM) dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) degradability in the rumen and digestion in the small and large intestines and total digestive tract of steers was determined. CM was moist-heat-treated at 127 °C for 15 and 45 min. The degradation of DM and N was estimated using small nylon bags in the rumen for 0.1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h. The mobile bag technique with an in vitro incubation in an acid-pepsin solution was used with a separate set of bags to estimate the digestion of each nutrient in the small and large intestines as well as the total digestive tract for rumen incubation times of 8, 16 and 24 h. Chemical analysis of heated CM showed a significant reduction in soluble N, sucrose and glucosinolate content while the concentration of ADIN increased. Treatment significantly reduced the degradation of DM and N in the rumen while the digestibility of DM and N in the small intestine increased with both treatments proportional to the decreased rumen degradation. Heat treatment had no effect on DM and N digestibility at the large intestine site. Total tract disappearance of DM and N were not affected by 15 min heating; however, after 45 min heating, DM and N disappearances were reduced. Moist heat treatment was effective in reducing rumen disappearance of CM nitrogen while it increased the N digestion in the small intestine. Key words: Heat treatment, canola meal, ruminant intestine, protein digestion

Effect of heating on canola meal protein degradation in the rumen and digestion in the lower gastrointestinal tract of steers

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Moshtaghi Nia ◽  
J. R. Ingalls
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Moist Heat ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Meal Protein

Commercially available canola meal (CM) was moist heat treated at 127 °C with steam-pressure of 117 kPa for 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min. The effect of moist heat treatment of CM on rumen degradability and lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract digestibility of rumen escape dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) was determined using three rumen and two duodenal cannulated steers. Rumen degradability was estimated by incubating sample-filled small nylon bags in the rumen of steers for 10 and 16 h. Lower GI tract digestibility was estimated using a sequence of ruminal in situ incubation, in vitro incubation in an acid-pepsin solution and a mobile nylon bag technique. DM and N degradation of treated CM were significantly (P < 0.01) reduced in the rumen while the digestibility of DM and N in the lower GI tract was increased at all treatment times. At 16 h incubation, N disappearance declined in the rumen from 74.4 to 18.9% and increased in the lower GI tract from 16.2 to 64.2% for control and for CM heat treated for 45 min, respectively. Analysis of heat treated CM showed a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in the soluble N while the concentration of pepsin insoluble N, acid detergent insoluble N and neutral detergent insoluble N were increased as heating time increased. These increases in general were not associated with a decrease in N disappearance in the lower GI tract. Moist heat treatment was effective in increasing rumen escape of CM protein without adverse effect on protein digestibility in the lower GI tract. Key words: Canola meal, rumen degradability, post ruminal digestion, moist heat treatment, insoluble nitrogen

“In vitro” and in Animal Model Studies on a Double Virus- Inactivated Factor VIII Concentrate

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (03) ◽  
pp. 868-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Arrighi ◽  
Roberta Rossi ◽  
Maria Giuseppina Borri ◽  
Vladimir Lesnikov ◽  
Marina Lesnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Virus Inactivation ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Heat Treated

SummaryTo improve the safety of plasma derived factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate, we introduced a final super heat treatment (100° C for 30 min) as additional virus inactivation step applied to a lyophilized, highly purified FVIII concentrate (100 IU/mg of proteins) already virus inactivated using the solvent/detergent (SID) method during the manufacturing process.The efficiency of the super heat treatment was demonstrated in inactivating two non-lipid enveloped viruses (Hepatitis A virus and Poliovirus 1). The loss of FVIII procoagulant activity during the super heat treatment was of about 15%, estimated both by clotting and chromogenic assays. No substantial changes were observed in physical, biochemical and immunological characteristics of the heat treated FVIII concentrate in comparison with those of the FVIII before heat treatment.

Anatomi Saluran Pencernaan biawak air (Varanus salvator) (Reptil: Varanidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfud Mahfud ◽  
Ihwan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Commercial Purpose ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Excessive hunting and poaching for commercial purpose of Varanus salvator in Indonesia can cause a decline in this animal population. However, the scientific information of this animal especially about the biologic of organ system is rarely reported. Therefore, this case opens up opportunities for researching, which aims to study the anatomy of digestive tract of water monitor macroscopically. This research has been conducted in Biology Laboratory, University of Muhammadiyah Kupang for 5 months from March to August 2016. The digestive organ of this animal that has been preserved in alcohol 70% was obtained before from two males of water monitors. Preservation process: the animal were anesthetized, exsanguinated, and fixated in 4 paraformaldehyde by tissue perfusion method. Observations were performed to the visceral site and morphometrical of digestive tract. The resulted data was analysed descriptively and presented in tables and figures. The digestive tract of water monitor consist of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and cloaca. The dimension of each organ is different based on its structures and functions. The esophagus of water monitor connects the mouth cavity and the stomach and also as the entrance of food to the stomach. Water monitor stomach were found in cranial part of abdomen, in left side of liver. The small intestine was longer than stomach and it is a winding muscular tube in abdomen in posterior side of liver. The large intestine consist of colon and cloaca, while cecum was not found. This channel was extend lateromedially in abdomen to cloaca between left and right kidneys. The cloaca was the end of digestive tract which excreted feces and urine. From this research, we can conclude that the digestive tract of water monitor consists of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It’s difficult to differentiate small intestine and large intestine because there are no cecum.

scholarly journals PSVII-35 Late-Breaking Abstract: Microwave heat treatment feed effect on ruminal degradability and intestinal protein digestibility - a brief review

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
Md Safiqur Rahaman Shishir ◽  
Muhammad Jamal Khan ◽  
Hassan Khanaki ◽  
Graham Brodie ◽  
Brendan Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Intestinal Protein ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Abstract Rumen degradability of crude protein (CP) of feed is a major factor that determines the utilization of CP in ruminant production. This study briefly reviewed the findings from six international studies of microwave (MW) heat treatment effect on feed CP rumen degradability and intestinal CP digestibility. Six in vitro studies of concentrate feed (canola seed, canola meal, soya bean meal, cottonseed meal, corn, and barley) showed a decrease in effective rumen degradability of dry matter and protein by 4–40% and 17–40%, respectively compared to control group (untreated concentrate feed). Among the six studies, four studies identified the MW heat treatment effect on intestinal protein digestibility. Due to MW heat treatment, canola seed, canola meal, soya bean meal, and cottonseed meal showed an increase in intestinal CP digestibility by 17%, 20%, 21%, and 19%, respectively. Overall the briefly reviewed studies showed that, MW heat treatment substantially reduced feed CP ruminal degradability and increased in vitro CP digestibility of ruminally undegraded CP.

Insights into bread melanoidins: fate in the upper digestive tract and impact on the gut microbiota using in vitro systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3737-3745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Helou ◽  
Sylvain Denis ◽  
Madeleine Spatz ◽  
David Marier ◽  
Véronique Rame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Batch Fermentation ◽  
Dramatic Decrease ◽  
Upper Digestive Tract ◽  
In Vitro Systems

Bread melanoidins are partially degraded in the small intestine and induce a dramatic decrease of enterobacteria during batch fermentation.

Effect of adding lignosulfonate and heat to canola screenings on ruminal and intestinal disappearance of dry matter and crude protein

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk ◽  
E. Weurding ◽  
Mary Lou Swift ◽  
C. F. Wright ◽  
J. A. Shelford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of adding 5% calcium lignosulfonate (LSO3) and heat to canola screenings on in situ ruminal and intestinal dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) disappearance in Holstein cows was investigated. Treatments consisted of untreated canola screenings, canola screenings that had been heated to 100 °C for 30 or 60 min and canola screenings that had 5% (wt wt−1) LSO3 added and were subsequently heated at 100 °C for 0, 30 or 60 min. Results indicate that treatment of canola screenings with 5% LSO3 and heated to 100 °C for 60 min was effective in reducing rumen degradation of DM and CP with a corresponding increase in disappearance in the lower gastrointestinal tract when compared to untreated and heat-treated canola screenings. Key words: Canola screenings, rumen by-pass protein, heat treatment, lignosulfonate

Lignosulfonate-treated canola meal for nursing beef calves

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
D. R. C. Bailey ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
K.-J. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Corn Distillers ◽  
In Sacco ◽  
Protein Degradability

A study was conducted to determine the effects of lignosulfonate and heat treatment of canola meal on protein degradability, and to evaluate whether feeding treated canola meal to nursing beef calves enhances preweaning growth. Four supplements were formulated to contain 31% crude protein (CP) using either: (1) untreated canola meal (UTC), (2) heat-treated canola meal (HTC; 100 °C for 1 h), (3) lignosulfonate-treated canola meal (LTC; 5% calcium lignosulfonate and 100 °C for 1 h), or (4) corn distillers' dried grains (DDG). Degradability of canola meal CP was reduced significantly from 55.1% (measured in sacco) to 43.2% by heat, and to 26.7% by lignosulfonate treatment. One hundred and three nursing crossbred calves were given access to either no supplement (control) or one of the four supplements. Weight gain (kg d−1) increased (P < 0.05) from 0.90 for the control to 1.05 for calves fed DDG, and further increased (P < 0.05) to 1.16, 1.16 and 1.18 for calves fed UTC, HTC, and LTC, respectively. Consequently, calves fed canola meal gained 30.8 kg more (P < 0.05) than those fed control, and 12.8 kg more (P < 0.05) than those fed DDG. The performance of suckling calves during the grazing season and body condition of their dams were enhanced by offering canola-based creep feeds. Although degradability of canola meal CP was substantially lowered by lignosulfonate treatment, calf performance was not further enhanced by feeding treated canola meal. Key words: Beef cattle, creep feeding, canola meal, lignosulfonate, heat-treatment, distillers' dried grains, protein degradability

scholarly journals White-Ceramic Conversion on Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr Surface for Dental Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Obata ◽  
Eri Miura-Fujiwara ◽  
Akimitsu Shimizu ◽  
Hirotaka Maeda ◽  
Masaaki Nakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Cell Compatibility ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Mouse Osteoblast ◽  
Cp Ti

Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) alloy has excellent mechanical properties and bone conductivity. For dental application, TNTZ surfaces were converted to white oxidized layer by a simple heat treatment in air to achieve the formation of aesthetic surfaces. The oxidized layer formed by the heat treatment at 1000°C for 0.5 or 1 hr was whiter and joined to TNTZ substrate more strongly than that formed by the treatment at 900°C. The layer consisted of TiO2(rutile), TiNb2O7, and TiTa2O7and possessed ~30 μm in thickness for the sample heat-treated at 1000°C and ~10 μm for that heat-treated at 900°C. The surface average roughness and the wettability increased after the heat treatment. The spreading and proliferation level of mouse osteoblast-like cell (MC3T3-E1 cell) on the heat-treated sample were almost the same as those on as-prepared one. The cell spreading on TNTZ was better than those on pure titanium (CP Ti) regardless of the heat treatment for the samples. There was no deterioration in thein vitrocell compatibility of TNTZ after the oxidized layer coating by the heat treatment.

EFFECTS OF MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR ON MINERALS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF STEERS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. GOLFMAN ◽  
R. J. BOILA
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
Design Effects

Four Holstein steers with cannulae in the rumen, proximal duodenum (PD) and terminal ileum (TI) were fed diets containing: (1) no added Mo or S; (2) Mo added at 10 mg kg−1; (3) S added at 3.0 g kg−1; and (4) Mo and S added at 10 mg and 3.0 g kg−1, respectively, in a Latin square design. Effects of Mo and S on minerals in the digestive tract of steers were evaluated. The solubility of Cu was lower with Mo (P < 0.01) and S (P < 0.01) at the PD and TI, and with Mo plus S (P < 0.05) at the TI. With Mo more (P = 0.07) Cu tended to be excreted in feces. Effects of Mo: Mn, reduced (P < 0.05) input to stomach region and higher (P < 0.01) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.01) solubility at TI with less (P < 0.05) absorbed from large intestine (LI); Fe, more (P = 0.06) absorbed from LI with lower (P < 0.01) fecal excretion; P, lower (P < 0.05) input to stomach region with a tendency for less (P = 0.08) absorbed from small intestine (SI); Na, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from LI; K, lower (P < 0.05) apparent digestibility. Effects of S: Mn, slight tendency for higher (P = 0.10) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.05) solubility at PD; P, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from SI and LI; Mg, tendency for less (P = 0.07) absorbed from stomach region and trend for more (P = 0.08) absorbed distal to PD. Minerals other than Cu were influenced by Mo and S in the digestive tract of cattle. Key words: Cattle, molybdenum, sulfur, digestion, minerals

scholarly journals 7. Effect of Soya Wastes Probiotic and Palm Kernel Addition Fermented by Aspergillus niger to the Cellulase Activity in Broilers Digestive Tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Nurliana Nurliana ◽  
Anna Farida ◽  
Sugito Sugito ◽  
Al Azhar ◽  
Razali Razali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

This study aimed to determine the cellulase activity in broilers digestive tract after the treatment of soya wastes and palm kernel fermented by A.niger (AKBIS Prob) in the ration. This study used a complete randomized factorial design, which consists of two factors, namely the AKBIS Prob composition factor and the duration of AKBIS Prob. Twenty four broilers were divided into four groups by randomized and three replications of each. The feed supplement combinations were P0 (commercial), P1 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 2%), P2 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 4%), and P3 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 6%). The intestine preparation was taken at the 22 and 36 days to extraction and detection the cellulase activity concentration. Data were analyzed using variance analysis of factorial patterns. AKBIS Prob 2,4 and 6% was no effect (P 0.05) to the cellulase activity in the small and large intestine, while the treatment duration was significant (P0,05) in the small intestine but neither in the large intestine (P0,05) to the cellulase activity. The addition of AKBIS Prob 2.4 and 6% had no effect (P 0.05) on the concentration of cellulase activity in the small intestine and large intestine, while the duration the treatment was very significant (P 0.05) in the small intestine and neither in the large intestine (P 0.05) on the concentration of cellulase activity. The AKBIS administration in the ration for 22 days can increase the activity and concentration of cellulase activity in the small intestine of the digestive tract of broiler chickens.

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