scholarly journals Helminths parasites of digestive trackt of sheep and goats in Macedonian region

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. THEODORIDIS (Ι. ΘΕΟΔΩΡΙΔΗΣ) ◽  
C. HIMONAS (Χ. ΧΕΙΜΩΝΑΣ) ◽  
M. PAPAZAHARIADOU (Μ. ΠΑΠΑΖΑΧΑΡΙΑΔΟΥ)
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Cooperia Oncophora ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Moniezia Expansa ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Gongylonema Pulchrum

During two periods (December 1985-October 1986 and October 1990-April 1991), the digestive tracts of 102 sheep and 29 goats were examined, with the purpose to find out and identify the helminthes parasites of these animals. The 96,1% of sheep and 93,1% of goats were found to be infected with 26 and 20 different helminths, respectively. The nematodes which were found out of the different parts of the digestive tract of these animals were: Sheep: oesophagus: Gongylonema pulchrum, abomasum: Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, T. trifurcata, Trichostrongylus axei and Cooperia oncophora, small intestine: Teladorsagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis} T. vitrinus, T. capricola, Cooperia oncophora, C. curticei, Nematodirus filicollis, N. helvetianus, N. spathiger, N. battus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum and Strongyloides papillosus, large intestine: Oesophagostomum venulosum, Oe. columbianum, Chabertia ovina, Trichuris globulosa, T. ovis and Skrjabinema ovis. Goats: all the previous findings except T. vitrinus, Nematodirus helvetianus, N. battus and Trichuris ovis. The cestodes parasites, Moniezia expansa, Moniezia benedni, Avitellina centripunctata and Stilesia globipunctata were found into the small intestine of sheep and, Moniezia expansa and Avitellina centripunctata, in goats only. All animals were infected with more than one different parasites. The sheep nematodes Cooperia curticei, Nematodirus helvetianus, and N. spathiger, were identified for the first time in Greece, more over, Nematodirus battus were found out and identified for the first time in Greece.

scholarly journals The influence of the extent of infestation by helminths upon changes in body weight of sheep in Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Boyko ◽  
N. M. Zazharska ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Moniezia Expansa ◽  
Muellerius Capillaris

Among the following breeds of sheep, Merino, Bleu du Maine, Bluefaced Leicester, Dorper, Clan Forest, Suffolk, Texel and Beltex, helminths of two classes (Nematoda and Cestoda) have been registered in Ukraine (Dnipropetrovsk oblast). Among the nematodes there were: parasites of the digestive system Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803), Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856), Nematodirus sp., Trichuris sp. and parasites of the respiratory system Muellerius capillaris (Muller, 1889). In the excrements of small ruminants, eggs of Moniezia expansa (Rudolphi, 1805) (Cestoda) – helminths of the small intestine, were found. Among all studied animals we found S. papillosus. 58.2% of sheep were infested with H. contortus. The lowest indicators of invasion extensivity were registered for parasitism of Trichuris sp. and M. capillaries. Extensivity of Nematodirus invasion did not exceed 16.3%. This indicator for cestodiasis, specifically monieziasis, among sheep was 25,5%. The range of fluctuation in intensivity of nematode invasion was within 7 to 860 eggs/g of excrement. This indicator for Cestoda invasion did not exceed 350 eggs/g. The highest indicators of average invasion were registered for parasitism by S. papillosus and H. contortus. The lowest average indicators of intensity were found for Trichuris. For Nematoda and Muellerius they were 25.0 and 88.9 individuals/g of feces correspondingly. The greatest influence on changes of body weight in sheep was caused by nematodes of the digestive tract Trichuris sp. and of the respiratory organs M. capillaris. The indicators of Trichuris infection level are the lowest in comparison with other registered helminthiases.

Anatomi Saluran Pencernaan biawak air (Varanus salvator) (Reptil: Varanidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfud Mahfud ◽  
Ihwan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Commercial Purpose ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Excessive hunting and poaching for commercial purpose of Varanus salvator in Indonesia can cause a decline in this animal population. However, the scientific information of this animal especially about the biologic of organ system is rarely reported. Therefore, this case opens up opportunities for researching, which aims to study the anatomy of digestive tract of water monitor macroscopically. This research has been conducted in Biology Laboratory, University of Muhammadiyah Kupang for 5 months from March to August 2016. The digestive organ of this animal that has been preserved in alcohol 70% was obtained before from two males of water monitors. Preservation process: the animal were anesthetized, exsanguinated, and fixated in 4 paraformaldehyde by tissue perfusion method. Observations were performed to the visceral site and morphometrical of digestive tract. The resulted data was analysed descriptively and presented in tables and figures. The digestive tract of water monitor consist of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and cloaca. The dimension of each organ is different based on its structures and functions. The esophagus of water monitor connects the mouth cavity and the stomach and also as the entrance of food to the stomach. Water monitor stomach were found in cranial part of abdomen, in left side of liver. The small intestine was longer than stomach and it is a winding muscular tube in abdomen in posterior side of liver. The large intestine consist of colon and cloaca, while cecum was not found. This channel was extend lateromedially in abdomen to cloaca between left and right kidneys. The cloaca was the end of digestive tract which excreted feces and urine. From this research, we can conclude that the digestive tract of water monitor consists of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It’s difficult to differentiate small intestine and large intestine because there are no cecum.

Moisture and temperature requirements in faeces for the development of free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep, cattle and deer

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Rossanigo ◽  
L. Gruner
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Cooperia Oncophora ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractIsolates from eight gastrointestinal nematode species parasitic in sheep, cattle and deer were maintained in sheep, to provide eggs in similar faecal environments and to compare temperature and moisture requirements for their development. Faecal cultures were processed at different temperatures (for four species) and moisture contents (for eight species). At 60% of faecal moisture content (FMC), maximal rates of development (expressed as L3/100 hatchable eggs estimated by an extraction technique from the faeves) were observed at 20, 23 and 28°C respectively for Ostertagia leptospicularis, O. ostertagi, Teladorsagia circumcinctaand Trichostrongylus colunriformis. For the eight species, the curves of development rates as functions of FMC were Gaussian, without modification between 18 and 28°C. Optimal developments were when the FMC ranged from 57 to 68%; low development of 1L3/100eggs were observed when the FMC ranged from 85 to 95% and from 25 to 55%. The main differences between species were in the ability of the eggs of Teladorsagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, T. vitrinusand Chabertia ovina to develop at lower FMC than Haemonchus contortus, O. ostertagi, O. legptospicularis and Cooperia oncophora.

EFFECTS OF MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR ON MINERALS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF STEERS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. GOLFMAN ◽  
R. J. BOILA
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
Design Effects

Four Holstein steers with cannulae in the rumen, proximal duodenum (PD) and terminal ileum (TI) were fed diets containing: (1) no added Mo or S; (2) Mo added at 10 mg kg−1; (3) S added at 3.0 g kg−1; and (4) Mo and S added at 10 mg and 3.0 g kg−1, respectively, in a Latin square design. Effects of Mo and S on minerals in the digestive tract of steers were evaluated. The solubility of Cu was lower with Mo (P < 0.01) and S (P < 0.01) at the PD and TI, and with Mo plus S (P < 0.05) at the TI. With Mo more (P = 0.07) Cu tended to be excreted in feces. Effects of Mo: Mn, reduced (P < 0.05) input to stomach region and higher (P < 0.01) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.01) solubility at TI with less (P < 0.05) absorbed from large intestine (LI); Fe, more (P = 0.06) absorbed from LI with lower (P < 0.01) fecal excretion; P, lower (P < 0.05) input to stomach region with a tendency for less (P = 0.08) absorbed from small intestine (SI); Na, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from LI; K, lower (P < 0.05) apparent digestibility. Effects of S: Mn, slight tendency for higher (P = 0.10) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.05) solubility at PD; P, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from SI and LI; Mg, tendency for less (P = 0.07) absorbed from stomach region and trend for more (P = 0.08) absorbed distal to PD. Minerals other than Cu were influenced by Mo and S in the digestive tract of cattle. Key words: Cattle, molybdenum, sulfur, digestion, minerals

scholarly journals 7. Effect of Soya Wastes Probiotic and Palm Kernel Addition Fermented by Aspergillus niger to the Cellulase Activity in Broilers Digestive Tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Nurliana Nurliana ◽  
Anna Farida ◽  
Sugito Sugito ◽  
Al Azhar ◽  
Razali Razali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

This study aimed to determine the cellulase activity in broilers digestive tract after the treatment of soya wastes and palm kernel fermented by A.niger (AKBIS Prob) in the ration. This study used a complete randomized factorial design, which consists of two factors, namely the AKBIS Prob composition factor and the duration of AKBIS Prob. Twenty four broilers were divided into four groups by randomized and three replications of each. The feed supplement combinations were P0 (commercial), P1 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 2%), P2 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 4%), and P3 (commercial and AKBIS Prob 6%). The intestine preparation was taken at the 22 and 36 days to extraction and detection the cellulase activity concentration. Data were analyzed using variance analysis of factorial patterns. AKBIS Prob 2,4 and 6% was no effect (P 0.05) to the cellulase activity in the small and large intestine, while the treatment duration was significant (P0,05) in the small intestine but neither in the large intestine (P0,05) to the cellulase activity. The addition of AKBIS Prob 2.4 and 6% had no effect (P 0.05) on the concentration of cellulase activity in the small intestine and large intestine, while the duration the treatment was very significant (P 0.05) in the small intestine and neither in the large intestine (P 0.05) on the concentration of cellulase activity. The AKBIS administration in the ration for 22 days can increase the activity and concentration of cellulase activity in the small intestine of the digestive tract of broiler chickens.

The comparative efficacy of oxfendazole administered as bolus and suspension to naturally infected sheep in Greece

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
C. A. Himonas ◽  
J. Theodorides
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Cooperia Oncophora ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts ◽  
Moniezia Expansa

AbstractIn a flock of 20 ewes naturally infected with those parasites of sheep most common in Greece, and kept indoors during the whole trial, oxfendazole at the dose rate of approximately 2–9 and 2–8 mg/kg body-weight was tested as a 4 g bolus containing 112 mg active ingredient and a 2–265% suspension. The evaluation of its efficacy was based on the necropsy findings which were also supported by faecal egg counts. No differences in efficacy were noticed between the two formulations of the drug. Both bolus and suspension proved to be 100% effective against Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis and Chabertia ovina. The efficacy against Cooperia oncophora, Nematodirus spathiger, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Oesophagostomum columbianum and Moniezia expansa could not be evaluated, because these species, though not found in any of the treated animals, were found in fewer than three controls.

Evaluation of moist heat treatment of canola meal on digestion in the rumen, small intestine, large intestine and total digestive tract of steers

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Moshtaghi Nia ◽  
J. R. Ingalls
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Moist Heat ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of heat treatment on canola meal (CM) dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) degradability in the rumen and digestion in the small and large intestines and total digestive tract of steers was determined. CM was moist-heat-treated at 127 °C for 15 and 45 min. The degradation of DM and N was estimated using small nylon bags in the rumen for 0.1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h. The mobile bag technique with an in vitro incubation in an acid-pepsin solution was used with a separate set of bags to estimate the digestion of each nutrient in the small and large intestines as well as the total digestive tract for rumen incubation times of 8, 16 and 24 h. Chemical analysis of heated CM showed a significant reduction in soluble N, sucrose and glucosinolate content while the concentration of ADIN increased. Treatment significantly reduced the degradation of DM and N in the rumen while the digestibility of DM and N in the small intestine increased with both treatments proportional to the decreased rumen degradation. Heat treatment had no effect on DM and N digestibility at the large intestine site. Total tract disappearance of DM and N were not affected by 15 min heating; however, after 45 min heating, DM and N disappearances were reduced. Moist heat treatment was effective in reducing rumen disappearance of CM nitrogen while it increased the N digestion in the small intestine. Key words: Heat treatment, canola meal, ruminant intestine, protein digestion

Comparative gross morphology of the digestive tract in ten Didelphidae marsupial species

Mammalia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.T. Santori ◽  
D. Astua De Moraes ◽  
Rui Cerqueira
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Marsupial Species

Natural diets of Didelphidae species vary in the amounts of invertebrates, fruits and small vertebrates eaten. We investigated the digestive morphology of ten species of didelphid marsupials varying in food habits. The purpose was to describe and to compare the shape and relative size of the digestive tract portions among species studied and relate them to food habits. The form of the gastrointestinal tract in this family is simple, with a unilocular stomach, small intestine, large intestine and caecum.

scholarly journals Assay and digestion of 14C-labelled condensed tannins in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Terrill ◽  
G. C. Waghorn ◽  
D. J. Woolley ◽  
W. C. Mcnabb ◽  
T. N. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
Extractable Protein ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Different Parts

Three experiments were conducted to determine the fate of condensed tannins (CT) during digestion in sheep. CT were measured as extractable, protein-bound and fibre-bound fractions using the butanol-HCI procedure. In Expt 1, purified CT were added to digesta from different parts of the digestive tract obtained from a pasture-fed sheep. Recoveries of CT after 0 and 4 h of anaerobic incubation at 39° averaged: rumen 78.9 and 57.5 %; abomasum 50.9 and 49.0 %; duodenum 64.4 and 46.0 % and ileum 43.4 and 38.8%. In Expt 2, [14C]CT was given per abomasum over a 6.5 h period at 15 min intervals to a sheep previously fed on Lotus pedunculatus (which contains CT). The sheep was killed at the end of the period and 92.4% of the label was recovered. Virtually all of the label was in the digesta, and none was detected in the blood, so that the CT-carbon appeared not to be absorbed from the small intestine. In Expt 3, rumen, abomasal and ileal digesta and faeces samples from sheep fed on Lotus pedunculatus were analysed for CT and CT flow along the digestive tract calculated from reference to indigestible markers. Values were low in all digesta samples, indicating disappearance of CT across the rumen and small intestine, and CT recovery in faeces was only about 15% of intake. However, the 14C results from Expt 2 suggested that little if any CT-carbon was absorbed and the low recoveries in Expt 1 are considered to be a consequence of either conformational changes to the CT molecule such that it is no longer detectable by colorimetric methods, an inability of the analytical method to release bound CT for the butanol–HCI assay, or interference from other digesta constituents. It is concluded that the butanol–HCI method of CT analysis is appropriate for quantifying CT in herbages but not in digesta or faeces, and that a substantial part of CT released during protein digestion in the small intestine may not be detectable by normal CT analytical methods.

scholarly journals Differential Cellular Expression of Galectin Family mRNAs in the Epithelial Cells of the Mouse Digestive Tract

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1323-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Nio ◽  
Yasuhiro Kon ◽  
Toshihiko Iwanaga
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Galectin 3

Galectin is an animal lectin that recognizes β-galactosides of glycoconjugates and is abundant in the gut. This study revealed the cellular expression of galectin subtypes throughout the mouse digestive tract by in situ hybridization. Signals for five subtypes (galectin-2, -3, -4/6, and -7) were detected exclusively in the epithelia. In the glandular stomach, galectin-2 and -4/6 were predominantly expressed from gastric pits to neck of gastric glands, where mucous cells were the main cellular sources. The small intestine exhibited intense, maturation-associated expressions of galectin-2, -3, and -4/6 mRNAs. Galectin-2 was intensely expressed from crypts to the base of villi, whereas transcripts of galectin-3 gathered at villous tips. Signals for galectin-4/6 were most intense at the lower half of villi. Galectin-2 was also expressed in goblet cells of the small intestine but not in those of the large intestine. In the large intestine, galectin-4/6 predominated, and the upper half of crypts simultaneously contained transcripts of galectin-3. Stratified epithelium from the lip to forestomach and anus intensely expressed galectin-7 with weak expressions of galectin-3. Because galectins in the digestive tract may be multi-functional, information on their cell/stage-specific expression contributes to a better understanding of the functions and pathological involvements of galectins.

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