scholarly journals The Absolute Risk of Venous Thrombosis after Air Travel: A Cohort Study of 8,755 Employees of International Organisations

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. e290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Kuipers ◽  
Suzanne C Cannegieter ◽  
Saskia Middeldorp ◽  
Luc Robyn ◽  
Harry R Büller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
The Absolute

Air travel and fatal pulmonary embolism

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (05) ◽  
pp. 807-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Bell ◽  
Peter Herbison ◽  
Charlotte Paul ◽  
David Skegg ◽  
Lianne Parkin
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Fatal Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Electoral Roll ◽  
The Absolute

SummaryAlthough long-distance air travel is commonly regarded as a risk factor for venous thromboembolism, the risk of clinically important events has not been well defined. We estimated the absolute risk of dying from pulmonary embolism following longdistance air travel in a national population-based descriptive study of 121 men and women who were aged 15–59 years (the age range in which the majority of international arrivals are found) and whose underlying cause of death was certified as codes 415.1, 451, or 453 of the International Classification of Diseases (ninth revision). Eleven cases had undertaken longdistance air travel in the four weeks before the onset of the fatal episode. The estimated risks of fatal pulmonary embolism following a flight of at least three hours’ duration were 0.5 (95% CI 0.2–1.2) and 0.6 (95% CI 0.2–1.4) per million arrivals for overseas visitors and New Zealand residents, respectively. For air travel of more than eight hours’ duration, the risk in New Zealand residents was 1.3 (95% CI 0.4–3.0) per million arrivals. We also conducteda case-control study based on those cases who were normally resident in New Zealand and registered on the electoral roll (n=99). For each case, four controls matched for sex, age, and electorate, were randomly selected from the electoral roll. In the key analysis (based on 88 cases and 334 controls), the adjusted odds ratio for travellers who had flown for more than eight hours was 7.9 (95% CI 1.1–55.1) compared with those who did not undertake a long-distance flight. Longdistance air travellers have a higher risk of dying from pulmonary embolism than non-travellers, but the absolute risk in people aged 15–59 years appears to be very small.

scholarly journals High risk of thrombosis in patients homozygous for factor V Leiden (activated protein C resistance) [see comments]

Blood ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1504-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
FR Rosendaal ◽  
T Koster ◽  
JP Vandenbroucke ◽  
PH Reitsma
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Thrombotic Event ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Absolute

Resistance to activated protein C (APC) is a common inherited risk factor for venous thrombosis, which is associated with a mutation in coagulation factor V (factor V Leiden). We investigated the risk of venous thrombosis in individuals homozygous for this abnormality. We determined the factor V Leiden genotype in 471 consecutive patients aged less than 70 years with a first objectively confirmed deep-vein thrombosis and in 474 healthy controls. We found 85 heterozygous and seven homozygous individuals among the cases with thrombosis and 14 heterozygous individuals among the control subjects. The expected number of homozygous individuals among the controls was calculated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and estimated at 0.107 (allele frequency, 1.5%). Whereas the relative risk was increased sevenfold for heterozygous individuals, it was increased 80-fold for homozygous individuals. These patients experienced their thrombosis at a much younger age (31 v 44 years). The homozygous individuals were predominantly women, most likely due to the effect of oral contraceptives. Because of the increased risk of thrombosis with age, the absolute risk becomes most pronounced in older patients, both for heterozygous and homozygous individuals. For the homozygous individuals, the absolute risk may become several percentage points per year. This implies that most individuals homozygous for factor V Leiden will experience at least one thrombotic event in their lifetime.

scholarly journals First-time postmenopausal bleeding as a clinical marker of long-term cancer risk: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria B. Bengtsen ◽  
Katalin Veres ◽  
Mette Nørgaard
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Postmenopausal Bleeding ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Background Data on long-term risk of cancer after a postmenopausal bleeding diagnosis are sparse. Methods We used Danish medical registries to conduct a population-based cohort study of women with a first hospital-diagnosed postmenopausal bleeding during 1995–2013. We computed the absolute risk of cancer and the standardised incidence ratio (SIR) comparing the observed cancer incidence with that expected in the general population. Results Among 43,756 women with postmenopausal bleeding, the absolute 1- and 5-year risk of endometrial cancer were 4.66% and 5.18%, respectively. The SIR of endometrial cancer was elevated during 0–3 months (SIR = 330.36 (95% CI: 315.43–345.81)), 3–12 months (SIR = 11.39 (95% CI: 9.79–13.17)), 1–5 years (SIR = 2.55 (95% CI: 2.19–2.94)) and >5 years of follow-up (SIR = 1.63 (95% CI: 1.40–1.90)). All selected gynaecological and urological, gastrointestinal and haematological cancers had elevated 0–3 months SIRs. Beyond 1 year of follow-up the SIRs of ovarian and bladder cancer remained elevated with a 1–5-year SIR of 2.15 (95% CI: 1.71–2.65) and 1.45 (95% CI: 1.14–1.80), respectively. Conclusions In the Danish population, women with a first hospital-diagnosed postmenopausal bleeding have an increased 0–3 months risk of gynaecological, urological, gastrointestinal and haematological cancers. The SIR of endometrial, ovarian and bladder cancer remained elevated for several years.

scholarly journals Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Celiac Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas F. Ludvigsson ◽  
Olle Kämpe ◽  
Benjamin Lebwohl ◽  
Peter H. R. Green ◽  
Shonni J. Silverberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Absolute

Context: Celiac disease (CD) has been linked to several endocrine disorders, including type 1 diabetes and thyroid disorders, but little is known regarding its association to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the risk of PHPT in patients with CD. Design and Setting: We conducted a two-group exposure-matched nonconcurrent cohort study in Sweden. A Cox regression model estimated hazard ratios (HR) for PHPT. Participants: We identified 17,121 adult patients with CD who were diagnosed through biopsy reports (Marsh 3, villous atrophy) from all 28 pathology departments in Sweden. Biopsies were performed in 1969–2008, and biopsy report data were collected in 2006–2008. Statistics Sweden then identified 85,166 reference individuals matched with the CD patients for age, sex, calendar period, and county. Main Outcome Measure: PHPT was measured according to the Swedish national registers on inpatient care, outpatient care, day surgery, and cancer. Results: During follow-up, 68 patients with CD and 172 reference individuals developed PHPT (HR = 1.91; 95% confidence interval = 1.44–2.52). The absolute risk of PHPT was 42/100,000 person-years with an excess risk of 20/100,000 person-years. The risk increase for PHPT only occurred in the first 5 yr of follow-up; after that, HR were close to 1 (HR = 1.07; 95% confidence interval = 0.70–1.66). Conclusions: CD patients are at increased risk of PHPT, but the absolute risk is small, and the excess risk disappeared after more than 5 yr of follow-up.

Abstract WMP51: Risk and Timing of of Ischemic Stroke Following Acute Myocardial Infarction

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander E Merkler ◽  
Gino Gialdini ◽  
Santosh Murthy ◽  
Shadi Yaghi ◽  
Babak Navi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
Immortal Time Bias ◽  
Acute Mi ◽  
The Absolute

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (MI) has long been reported as a risk factor for ischemic stroke, but the magnitude and duration of risk remains uncertain. Methods: We performed a crossover-cohort study using inpatient and outpatient claims data from a nationally representative 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries from 2008 through 2014. We identified all patients ≥66 years of age with a first-recorded hospitalization for acute MI. The primary outcome was ischemic stroke. All predictors and outcomes were defined using previously validated ICD-9-CM codes. To exclude stroke that may have been due to percutaneous coronary intervention, we included only cases of ischemic stroke that occurred after discharge from the MI hospitalization. We compared the risk of ischemic stroke in successive 4-week periods during the 12 weeks after MI versus the corresponding 4-week periods 1 year later. To avoid immortal time bias, we limited our cohort to patients who remained alive and insured throughout the 15 month study period. Odds ratios (OR) and absolute risk differences were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel estimator for matched data. Results: We identified 22,798 patients with an acute MI in whom the mean age was 77.4 (±7.9) years and 50.3% were women. In the 12 weeks after discharge, 216 patients (0.95%) developed a stroke, as compared to 21 (0.09%) patients in the corresponding 12-week period 1 year later. The absolute increase in stroke risk was 0.45% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36-0.55%) in the first 4 weeks after acute MI compared to the 4-week time period 1 year later, corresponding to an OR of 18.2 (95% CI, 8.1-50.6). The absolute risk increase was 0.24% (95% CI, 0.16-0.31%) during weeks 5-8 (OR, 8.7; 95% CI, 4.0-22.6) and 0.17% (95% CI, 0.10-0.23%) during weeks 9-12 (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 2.7-14.1). Conclusions: Acute MI is associated with a substantially elevated short-term risk of ischemic stroke. This risk was independent of periprocedural stroke risk in the setting of coronary reperfusion therapies.

Risk and prognosis of cancer after upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis: A population-based cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasper Adelborg ◽  
Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó ◽  
Jens Sundbøll ◽  
Paolo Prandoni ◽  
Anne Ording ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Population Based

Nevus Spilus with Synchronous Melanomas: Case Report and Literature Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari-Nareg Meguerditchian ◽  
Richard T. Cheney ◽  
John M. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Cutaneous Lesion ◽  
Pertinent Literature ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Management Recommendations

Background: Nevus spilus is a rare, acquired, and often large cutaneous lesion consisting of a light brown background macule containing varying numbers of small darker macular or papular areas. Objective: Nevus spilus may contain dysplastic melanocytic elements, and there are also reports of melanoma arising from nevus spilus. However, the absolute risk for malignant transformation is not well defined. Conclusion: We discuss a case of synchronous melanomas arising from a nevus spilus and potential management recommendations based on a review of the pertinent literature.

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