scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Activity Patterns of the Free-Living Giant Mole-Rat (Fukomys mechowii), the Largest Social Bathyergid

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e55357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matěj Lövy ◽  
Jan Šklíba ◽  
Radim Šumbera
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Mole Rat

scholarly journals An evaluation of the IDEEA™ activity monitor for estimating energy expenditure

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Whybrow ◽  
Patrick Ritz ◽  
Graham W. Horgan ◽  
R. James Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Monitor ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Similar Estimate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
D 12

Objective estimates of activity patterns and energy expenditure (EE) are important for the measurement of energy balance. The Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity (IDEEA) can estimate EE from the thirty-five postures and activities it can identify and record. The present study evaluated the IDEEA system's estimation of EE using whole-body indirect calorimetry over 24 h, and in free-living subjects using doubly-labelled water (DLW) over 14 d. EE was calculated from the IDEEA data using calibration values for RMR and EE while sitting and standing, both as estimated by the IDEEA system (IDEEAest) and measured by indirect calorimetry (IDEEAmeas). Subjects were seven females and seven males, mean age 38·1 and 39·7 years, mean BMI 25·2 and 26·2 kg/m2, respectively. The IDEEAest method produced a similar estimate of EE to the calorimeter (10·8 and 10·8 MJ, NS), while the IDEEAmeas method underestimated EE (9·9 MJ, P < 0·001). After removing data from static cycling, which the IDEEA was unable to identify as an activity, both the IDEEAest and IDEEAmeas methods overestimated EE compared to the calorimeter (9·9 MJ, P < 0·001; 9·1 MJ, P < 0·05 and 8·6 MJ, respectively). Similarly, the IDEEA system overestimated EE compared to DLW over 14 d; 12·7 MJ/d (P < 0·01), 11·5 MJ/d (P < 0·01) and 9·5 MJ/d for the IDEEAest, IDEEAmeas and DLW, respectively. The IDEEA system overestimated EE both in the controlled laboratory and free-living environments. Using measured EE values for RMR, sitting and standing reduced, but did not eliminate, the error in estimated EE.

Measurement of energy expenditure

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (7a) ◽  
pp. 1123-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A Levine
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Calorimetric Methods ◽  
Factorial Method ◽  
Total Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Isotope Technique

AbstractMeasurement of energy expenditure in humans is required to assess metabolic needs, fuel utilisation, and the relative thermic effect of different food, drink, drug and emotional components. Indirect and direct calorimetric and non-calorimetric methods for measuring energy expenditure are reviewed, and their relative value for measurement in the laboratory and field settings is assessed. Where high accuracy is required and sufficient resources are available, an open-circuit indirect calorimeter can be used. Open-circuit indirect calorimeters can employ a mask, hood, canopy or room/chamber for collection of expired air. For short-term measurements, mask, hood or canopy systems suffice. Chamber-based systems are more accurate for the long-term measurement of specified activity patterns but behaviour constraints mean they do not reflect real life. Where resources are limited and/or optimum precision can be sacrificed, flexible total collection systems and non-calorimetric methods are potentially useful if the limitations of these methods are appreciated. The use of the stable isotope technique, doubly labelled water, enables total daily energy expenditure to be measured accurately in free-living subjects. The factorial method for combining activity logs and data on the energy costs of activities can also provide detailed information on free-living subjects.

Seasonal and daily activity patterns of free-living Eurasian lynxLynx lynxin relation to availability of kills

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Podolski ◽  
Elisa Belotti ◽  
Luděk Bufka ◽  
Holger Reulen ◽  
Marco Heurich
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns

scholarly journals BODY TEMPERATURE AND ACTIVITY PATTERNS IN FREE-LIVING ARCTIC GROUND SQUIRRELS

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Long ◽  
Timothy J. Martin ◽  
Brian M. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Arctic Ground Squirrels

Plasticity and repeatability of activity patterns in free-living Arctic ground squirrels

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Helen E. Chmura ◽  
Victor Y. Zhang ◽  
Sara M. Wilbur ◽  
Brian M. Barnes ◽  
C. Loren Buck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Arctic Ground Squirrels

scholarly journals Effects of a GnRH vaccine on the movement and activity of free-living wild boar (Sus scrofa)

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Quy ◽  
Giovanna Massei ◽  
Mark S. Lambert ◽  
Julia Coats ◽  
Lowell A. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lethal Means

Context Fertility control is being promoted as a non-lethal means of managing wildlife populations. We recently evaluated a single-dose injectable immunocontraceptive vaccine (GonaCon™) on captive female wild boar for effectiveness and potential side effects; reproductive output was inhibited for 4–6 years, with no obvious detrimental effects on physiology and behaviour. Aims We injected individual free-living wild boar individuals with the fertility-control vaccine GonaCon™ to examine its effectiveness (measured as raised levels of GnRH antibodies) and looked for potential changes in movement and activity patterns. Methods We trapped, fitted telemetry devices to, and released wild boar individuals living in woodland in the West Midlands region of England between 2006 and 2010. We compared data on movements and activity among 10 adult females treated with the vaccine and 11 controls treated with saline only. We measured anti-GnRH antibody titres in six recaptured boar individuals as an indicator of the effectiveness of the vaccine. Key results Post-treatment GnRH antibody titres varied among the boar individuals; four of five treated sows resampled between 9 and 30 weeks post-injection had antibody titres high enough to block reproduction (detectable at 1 : 32 000–1 : 64 000 dilution). At least three treated females were pregnant at the time of vaccination; there was no subsequent evidence that the vaccine interfered with pregnancy. According to the distances moved per hour over a 24-h cycle and the daily activity cycle in relation to season, there were no differences in the behaviour of treated and control females that were likely to be biologically significant. The behaviour of two treated females monitored soon after vaccination and again 12 months later also showed no major differences. Conclusions Free-living wild boar responded to treatment with a 1.0-mL (1000 µg) dose of an anti-GnRH vaccine and no major adverse effects on activity and movement were subsequently detected. Implications Our results indicated that the vaccine could be more widely evaluated in the field against overabundant or nuisance populations. Such populations are increasingly found in urban areas and parks, where culling may not be an option. We suggest that further refinement of this approach for managing wild boar populations, including development of an oral vaccine, are warranted.

scholarly journals Clocks for the city: circadian differences between forest and city songbirds

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1763) ◽  
pp. 20130593 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Dominoni ◽  
B. Helm ◽  
M. Lehmann ◽  
H. B. Dowse ◽  
J. Partecke
Keyword(s):  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Circadian Oscillation ◽  
Circadian Period ◽  
Free Living ◽  
City Life ◽  
The City ◽  
Two Populations

To keep pace with progressing urbanization organisms must cope with extensive habitat change. Anthropogenic light and noise have modified differences between day and night, and may thereby interfere with circadian clocks. Urbanized species, such as birds, are known to advance their activity to early morning and night hours. We hypothesized that such modified activity patterns are reflected by properties of the endogenous circadian clock. Using automatic radio-telemetry, we tested this idea by comparing activity patterns of free-living forest and city European blackbirds ( Turdus merula ). We then recaptured the same individuals and recorded their activity under constant conditions. City birds started their activity earlier and had faster but less robust circadian oscillation of locomotor activity than forest conspecifics. Circadian period length predicted start of activity in the field, and this relationship was mainly explained by fast-paced and early-rising city birds. Although based on only two populations, our findings point to links between city life, chronotype and circadian phenotype in songbirds, and potentially in other organisms that colonize urban habitats, and highlight that urban environments can significantly modify biologically important rhythms in wild organisms.

Body temperature, activity patterns and hunting in free-living cheetah: biologging reveals new insights

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn S. HETEM ◽  
Duncan MITCHELL ◽  
Brenda A. DE WITT ◽  
Linda G. FICK ◽  
Shane K. MALONEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Free Living

scholarly journals IS VARIABILITY OF FREE-LIVING ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH PHYSICAL AND MENTAL FATIGABILITY IN OLDER ADULTS?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S233-S234
Author(s):  
Jessica L Graves ◽  
Robert T Krafty ◽  
Jaroslaw Harezlak ◽  
Eric J Shiroma ◽  
Nancy W Glynn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Greater fatigability in older adults may be moderated by physical activity (PA). However, what features of PA timing are most strongly related to fatigability remains unknown. We examined the relationship between variability of free-living activity patterns and perceived physical and mental fatigability using the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS, 0-50pts, higher=greater fatigability) in older adults from the Developmental Epidemiologic Cohort Study (DECOS, n=57, age=70-91yrs, 61% female). We assessed PA using ActiGraph GT3X+ over 7 days. Mean activity, standard deviation (SD) of mean activity across days, and relative activity [(mean at each bin)/(total mean)] were calculated across 24-hours in 4-hour bins , adjusting for estimated rise-time. Lower SD of PA from 0-4 hours after rising was associated with greater PFS physical scores (r=-0.27, p=0.05). No measures of PA correlated with PFS mental scores. In older adults with lower physical fatigability, associations with greater variability in activity may indicate larger energy reserves.

scholarly journals Abrupt switch to migratory night flight in a wild migratory songbird

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Zúñiga ◽  
Jade Falconer ◽  
Adam M. Fudickar ◽  
Willi Jensen ◽  
Andreas Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Daily Rhythm ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Free Living ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Migratory Season ◽  
Migratory Songbird ◽  
Rapid Shift ◽  
Do So

Abstract Every year, billions of wild diurnal songbirds migrate at night. To do so, they shift their daily rhythm from diurnality to nocturnality. In captivity this is observed as a gradual transition of daytime activity developing into nocturnal activity, but how wild birds prepare their daily rhythms for migration remains largely unknown. Using an automated radio-telemetry system, we compared activity patterns of free-living migrant and resident European blackbirds (Turdus merula) in a partially migratory population during the pre-migratory season. We found that activity patterns between migrant and resident birds did not differ during day and night. Migrants did not change their daily rhythm in a progressive manner as has been observed in captivity, but instead abruptly became active during the night of departure. The rapid shift in rhythmicity might be more common across migratory songbird species, but may not have been observed before in wild animals due to a lack of technology.

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